Test I (SECTION III) Acute Responses to Endurance Exercises

Question 1

Oxygen Consumption (VO2)

Answer 1

direct proportion to workload (oxygen uptake)

oxygen consumption linked to caloric expenditure

Question 2

Heart Rate in relation to peak exercise

Answer 2

can increase up to three times resting value (due to decreased time in diastole)

Question 3

Stroke volume changes in:

Venous return, EDV, ESV, contractility, EF

Answer 3

up to 1.5 RV at peak
increase in venous return and EDV
decrease in ESV but increased contractility
increased EF

Question 4

Cardiac Output response to EE

Answer 4

increase up to 4 times RV at peak
increase Q = increase venous return
SLIDE

Question 5

Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference response to EE

Answer 5

Difference in oxygen between arterial and mixed venous blood
increase about 3 fold from rest to max exercise
from 25% to 75% of O2 is extracted

Question 6

Blood Pressures and Resistance to flow for:

SBP, DBP, MAP, TPR

Answer 6

SBP: increase (if not, heart failure)
DBP: slight increase or slight decrease or NC
MAP: slight increase
TPR: decrease (due to vasodilation)

Question 7

Coronary (Myocardial) Blood Flow

Answer 7

4.5 % of Q goes to myocardium at rest and at peak exercise

due to increase MAP and CA vasodilatation

Question 8

Blood Flow to the Skin:

during, at max, recovery

Answer 8

increase as exercise duration increases
decrease at max exercise to meet muscle demands
increase during exercise recovery
(increases are for heat dissipation)

Question 9

Minute Ventilation

Resting average, peak exercise average, respiratory rates, tidal volumes

Answer 9

Resting Average: 6 L/min
Peak Exercise Average: 175 L/min.
Respiratory resting rate: 12-18
respiratory peak exercise: 45-60
Tidal volume resting: .5L
Tidal volume peak exercise: 2.25L

Question 10

Plasma Volume

Answer 10

blood plasma increases in the interstitium of exercising muscle
fluid shift results in a 5% loss of plasma volume
blood viscosity increases

Question 11

fluid shift results in a 5% loss of plasma volume is called?

Answer 11

Hemoconcentration

Question 12

Immune System response for moderate/vigorous exercise

Answer 12

transient increase in re-circulation of neutrophils, NKC, & immunoglobulins
transient decrease in stress hormones (Cortisol) and inflammatory mediators (Cytokines)

Question 13

Immune System response after exercise

Answer 13

returns to normal in a few hours but improves “surveillance”

25%-50% reduction in sick days with upper respiratory infections

Question 14

Immune System response to prolonged heavy exercise

Answer 14

opposite effect, for example:

immune function decrease 2-6 fold after marathon`

Question 15

Oxygen deficit due to

Answer 15

delay in time for aerobic ATP production to supply energy

Question 16

Oxygen Debt due to

Answer 16

re-synthesis of high energy phosphates
replace oxygen stores
lactate conversion to glucose (gluconeogenesis)
increase heart rate, respiration, catecholamines, body temp.

Question 17

OBLA

Answer 17

onset blood lactic acid; anaerobic threshold

aerobic to glycolysis

Question 18

Bruce Protocol

Answer 18

treadmill increase in speed/incline every three minutes to evaluate cardiac function

Question 19

GRAPH Ventilatory and metabolic changes during exercise

Answer 19

SLIDE