Test I (SECTION II) Mechanism of Control of Cardiovascular and respiratory Systems

Question 1

Chemoreceptor

Answer 1

controller of oxidation to the brain, located in aortic/carotid body

Question 2

Mechanism that controlls Heart Rate

Answer 2

neurohormone & CNS (medulla) regulation

Question 3

Parasympathetic Vagus Control

Answer 3

neurotransmitter: acetylcholine

vagal control is dominant at rest

Question 4

sympathetic cardioacceleration neurotransmitters

Answer 4

epinephrine & norepinephrine

Question 5

Baroreceptor influences

Answer 5

sympathetic discharge indirectly proportional to firing rate

parasympathetic discharge is directly proportional to firing rate (SLIDE)

Question 6

Atrial Stretch receptors

Answer 6

SLIDE

Question 7

Chemoreceptor Influences

Answer 7

Main f(x): protect brain from poor perfusion (SLIDE)

Question 8

Stroke Volume regulated by

Answer 8

Frank Starling Mechanism (more in, more out)

Question 9

Cardiac output’s main determinant

Answer 9

Body O2 needs

Question 10

autoregulators for cardiac output

Answer 10

intrinsic change in preload, after load and SV

extrinsic hormonal influences

Question 11

Blood Pressure influenced by:

Answer 11

total peripheral resistance
chemoreceptor influences
Cardiac Output
Blood Volume

Question 12

GFR

Answer 12

glomerular filtration rate

Question 13

Dehydration

Answer 13

loss of body water and associated electrolytes

Question 14

Causes of Dehydration

Answer 14

gastroenteritis (Vomitting/diarrhea)
disease (yellow fever, cholera)
excessive alcohol consumption (SLIDE)
prolonged exercise without fluid replacement
diabetes (hyperglycemia) (SLIDE)
shock (blood loss due to injury)

Question 15

Signs and Symptoms of Dehydration

Answer 15

SLIDE

Question 16

Treating Dehydration

Answer 16

sip small amounts of water
drink carbohydrate/electrolyte solutions
consider IV for intense core temp.

Question 17

Skeletal muscle Flow mechanisms

Answer 17

locally auto-regulated
vasodilator metabolites
myogenic response

Question 18

Vasodilator Metabolites

Answer 18

usually overrides adrenergic neurohormone control

mediated by vasodilator metabolite buildup/removal (SLIDE)

Question 19

Myogenic response

Answer 19

involves stretch activated Ca channels

negative feedback control (SLIDE)

Question 20

Systemic blood flow during exercise

Answer 20

sympathetic ouflow & circulating catecholamines

redistribution of blood flow during max exercises

Question 21

sympathetic ouflow & circulating catecholamines

Answer 21

alpha activation leads to vasoconstriction in non-exercising tissue

Question 22

redistribution of blood flow during max exercises for: brain, heart, muscle, skin, kidneys, viscera, various other parts

Answer 22

NC in brain
heart: increase 
Muscle: increase (largest)
Skin: increase
Kidneys: decrease
Viscera: decrease (largest)
Various other parts: decreas

Question 23

Minute ventilation =

Answer 23

tidal volume x respiratory rate

generally controlled via central chemoreceptors in medulla-pons respiratory center

Question 24

Dominant influence on respiration

Answer 24

central chemoreceptors in medulla-pons respiratory center