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KINE 439 Test 1 > Test I (SECTION I) Definitions, Concepts, Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Test I (SECTION I) Definitions, Concepts, Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary veins carry ______

A

oxygenated blood

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2
Q

circumflex artery goes to

A

Left main CA, right main CA, Left anterior descending CA (which leads to marginal branch)

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3
Q

Diastole is

A

end of ventricular filling

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4
Q

EDV is proportional to

A

Venous return

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5
Q

SV =

A

EDV - ESV

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6
Q

Ejection Fraction (EF) =

A

SV/EDV

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7
Q

EF is best indicator for

A

heart performance and heart disease prognosis

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8
Q

Left ventricular norm for EF at rest is

A

62%

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9
Q

Left ventricular norms for max exercise is

A

80%

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10
Q

Left ventricular volumes _____ with increase in exercise intensity

A

Increase, but level off quickly

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11
Q

Cardiac output (Q) =

A

HR x SV

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12
Q

For cardiac output blood leaves ________

A

the left ventricle

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13
Q

Cardiac Index =

A

Q/ body surface area

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14
Q

Preload is:

A

(EDV) volume of the left ventricle at the end of diastole

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15
Q

Preload depends on

A

venous return & compliance of ventricle

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16
Q

Afterload is

A

resistance to ventricular emptying during systole or the amount of pressure the left ventricle must generate to squeeze blood into the aorta

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17
Q

After load is synonymous in a healthy heart with

A

aortic pressure & mean arterial pressure (MAP)

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18
Q

Frank Starling law of the heart is

A

the heart will contract with greater force as preload is increased

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19
Q

Myocardial Contractility

A

the squeezing contractile force that the heart can develop at a given preload (determines SV)

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20
Q

Myocardial contractility is regulated by:

A

Sympathetic nerve activity (MOST)
Catecholamines (Epinephrine/norepinephrine)
amount of contractile mass
Drugs

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21
Q

Starlings law Graph: x & y axis and how curves are

A

SV (Y Axis)
Preload (X Axis)
More SV = more contractility

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22
Q

Increased Contractility is related to:

A

exercise
catecholamines (epinephrine & norepinephrine)
excitement or fear (fight or flight)
Drugs (Digitalis & sympathomimetics)

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23
Q

Decreased Contractility is related to:

A

loss of contractile mass (likely due to Heart Attack)
Myocardial muscle disease (Cardiomyopathy)
Drugs )anesthetics, barbiturates)

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24
Q

What is Cardiomyopathy?

A

Malfunctioning and/or malformed heart

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25
Q

How does exercise effect myocardial contractility?

A

Increases it by increasing beta sympathetic adrenergic nerve output

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26
Q

AVO2D means

A

Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference

27
Q

AVO2D definition

A

difference in oxygen content between arterial and venous blood (ml O2/100ml blood)

28
Q

VO2 means

A

Oxygen Consumption

29
Q

VO2 Definition

A

the rate at which oxygen can be used in energy production and metabolism

30
Q

Types of VO2

A

Absolute: O2/min
relative: O2/kg body weight / min.

31
Q

what is the Fick equatoin

A

VO2 = Q x AVO2D

32
Q

VO2max definition

A

maximum rate at which a person can take in and utilize oxygen to create usable energy (estimated with VO2 peak)

33
Q

Myocardial Oxygen Consumption

A

VO2 of the heart

estimated by rate pressure product (RPP)

34
Q

RPP =

A

HR x SBP

35
Q

Systolic Blood Pressure

A

pressure measured in brachial artery during systole

36
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure

A

pressure measured in brachial artery during diastole

37
Q

Systole

A

ventricular emptying and ventricular contraction period

38
Q

Diastole

A

ventricular filling and ventricular relaxation

39
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

A

“average” pressure throughout the cardiac cycle against the walls of the proximal systemic arteries

40
Q

MAP =

A

.33(SBP - DBP) + DBP

41
Q

Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR)

A

the sum of all forces that oppose blood flow

42
Q

TPR =

A

(8)(V)(L) / (pi)( r^4)

V: blood viscosity
L: length of vasculature
r: vessel radius

43
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

flow of the blood

Flow = (upstream P - downstream P) / resistance

44
Q

Flow (Q) =

A

MAP / TPR = (P aorta - P vena cava) / TPR

(P aorta - P vena cava) is almost 0 in a health person

45
Q

Resting Q is normall about __ liters/minute

A

5-6

46
Q

Minute Ventilation (Ve)

A

amount of air passing through the lungs in one minute

47
Q

Dyspnea

A

breathing difficulty

48
Q

Respiratory Exchange Ratio

A

amount of CO2 expired by the lungs divided by the amount of O2 extracted from the air in the lungs

VCO2/VO2

49
Q

RER =.7,
RER =.85
RER = 1.0

A

100% fat 0% carb
50$% fat 50% carb
0% fat 100% carb

50
Q

Gas Exchanges happens in

A

capillary beds and lungs

51
Q

systemic arteries have a ____ compliance, veins have a ____ compliance

A

low, high

52
Q

After heart attack left ventricular pressure lessons which causes

A

pressure behind it to increase, causing fluid to seep out of the lungs

53
Q

afferent

A

going toward spinal column

54
Q

efferent

A

going away from spinal column

55
Q

Agonist

A

body molecule or drug “stimulator”

56
Q

Agonist in adrenergic system

A

epinephrine & norepinephrine

57
Q

Antagonist

A

body molecule or drug “in-activator”

58
Q

Antagonist examples

A

drugs known as blockers

59
Q

alpha 1 stimulation

A

constriction of blood vessels

vascular smooth muscle activation

60
Q

Alpha 2 stimulation

A

increased central sympathetic outflow

61
Q

beta 1 stimulation

A

increase in HR
increase in myocardial contractility
increase in renin secretion
increase in fluid retention

62
Q

beta 2 stimulation

A

dilation of lung bronchioles

63
Q

anastomosis is also known as a

A

shunt. Connects two previously separated vessels

KINE 439 Test 1 (5 decks)

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