Test - FINAL Flashcards by Aaron Montoya

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the space around the heard is

pericardial effusion

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Death of tissue due to lack of blood supply is

infarction

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The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs is

the left atrium

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Most common form of anemia is

iron deficiency anemia

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Pain felt by a person due to lack of blood supply to tissue is

angina

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Audible sound of vascular turbulence in the carotid artery is

bruit

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Congenital narrowing of aorta just beyond the branching to head and arms is

corarctation

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The type of muscle that surrounds an artery is

smooth muscle

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Rounded bulging aneurysm from one side of arterial wall is

saccular

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The material found within a red blood cell that allows it to carry gasses is

hemoglobin

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Platelets are also known as

thrombocytes

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Inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of blood is

congestive heart failure

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The outermost layer of an artery or vein is the

tunica externa

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The abnormal accumulation of extravascular fluid in the pulmonary tissue is

pulmonary edema

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Hyperplasia of the bone marrow results in

polycythemia

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An enlarged left heart and tortuous aorta on chest x-ray indicative of

hypertensive heart disease

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The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood to the bodies periphery is the

left ventricle

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A tubular bulging aneurism of the entire circumference of an artery or vein is a

fusiform

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The notched rib appearance on a chest x-ray is indicative of

coarctation

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The right atrioventricular valve is also known as the

tricuspid valve

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Fatty deposits within arterial walls are known as

plaque

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The amount of solids in the blood are known as

hematocrit

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Arterial thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity is

artherosclerosis

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The interference of normal blood supply to an organ or tissue is

ischemia

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Vericose veins are known to be caused by

failure of valves within veins

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The left AV valve is also known as the

mitrial valve

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The “hair on end” appearance on x-ray of the skull is indicative of

thallasemia

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The form of anemia most commonly seen in people of African decent is

sickle cell anemia

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The “bald” appearance of the stomach due to loss of rugal folds is

megaloblastic anemia

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The form of anemia most commonly seen in persons of mediteranian decent is

thallasemia

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The mitrial valve is also known as the

bicuspid valve

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neoplastic proliferation of white blood cells will result in

leukemia

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lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly on imaging studies is indicative of

infectious mononucleosis

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An anomaly of blood coagulation is known as

hemophilia

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The circle of Willis is formed by the

internal carotid artery and basilar artery

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The appearance of joint hemorrhages on imaging studies is indicative of

hemophilia

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A person is considered to have high blood pressure if their readings are greater than

140/90

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The innermost layer of the heart is known as the

endocardium

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The appearance of calcified densities along arteries on x-ray in indicative of

artherosclerosis

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White blood cells are also known as

leukocytes

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The outermost layer of the heart is known as the

epicardium

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The heart chamber with the largest and strongest muscle is the

left ventricle

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An aneurysm caused by leakage of high pressure blood into the layers of an artery is described as

dissecting

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The heart chamber that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the

right ventricle

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The butterfly appearance on a chest x-ray is

pulmonary edema

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The pulmonary trunk carries

blood to the lungs

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Heart rhythm begins in the

SA node

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Normal life span of a red blood cell is

120 days

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To meet the definition of CHF the chest to thorax ratio has to be

50%

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The middle/muscular layer of an artery or vein is known as the

tunica media

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The sabot appearance of the heart on CXR is

tetralogy of fallot

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Heart chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from body periphery is

right atrium

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Deficiency of platelet cells (purpura) is know as

thrombocytopenia

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The innermost layer of an artery or vein is known as

tunica intima

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Muscular layer of the heart is known as

myocardium

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Red blood cells are also known as

erythrocytes

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primary male sex glands are

testes

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uterine fibroids are also known as

leiomyomas

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spermatogenesis occurs within the

seminiferous tubules

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causative pathogen of mastitis is most commonly

bacteria

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pathology with a strong link to HPV is

carcinoma of cervix

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reproductive anomaly associated with unilateral renal agenesis

unicornuate uterus

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in a sperm cell, cytoplasmic organelles are found within the

body/mid piece

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percentage of women over age 50 that experience uterine fibroids is

40-50%

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cowper’s glands are also known as

bulbourethral glands

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fingerlike projections of the fallopian tubes are known as

fimbria

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the male urethra passes through the portion of the penis known as the

corpus spongiosum

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twisting of the testicles within the scrotum is known as

testicular torsion

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hormone responsible for female sexual characteristics is

estrogen

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surgical procedure that makes a male sterile and unable to produce kids is

vasectomy

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placenta extending into the myometrium with an unduly firm attachment is

placental percreta

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hormone that prepares a woman for menstruation is

progesterone

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lubrication of the male urethra just prior to ejaculation is accomplished by the

bulbourethral glands

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the heart shape appearance on pelvic ultrasound is indicative of

bicornuate uterus

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maturation of spermatozoa occurs within the

epididymis

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hormone responsible male characteristics

testosterone

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muscular lining of the uterus is

myometrium

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bunch of grapes appearance on a pelvic ultrasound is indicative of

hydatidiform mole

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inner mucosal lining of the uterine cavity is

endometrium

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tip of male penis is

glans penis

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most common site of ectopic pregnancy

uterine tube

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hormone produced by the developing ovarian follicle is

estrogen

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structures found within the male scrotum don’t include seminal vesicles but do include

testes epididymis and spermatic cord

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most common congenital anomaly of female reproductive system is

bicornuate uterus

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male ejaculatory duct is formed by the merger of the

vas deferens and seminal vesicles

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majority of ejaculate volume is produced by the

seminal vesicles

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congenital duplication of uterus, cervix and vagina is

uterus didelphys

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teratomas are also known as

dermoid cysts

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the marker PSA on a blood test is helpful in diagnosing

adenocarcinoma of prostate

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hormone that prepares a woman for pregnancy is

estrogen

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premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall is

placental abruption

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glandular, milk producing structures of the female breast is

acini

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placenta that is implanted over the cervical opening is

placenta previa

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disorder involving too little amniotic fluid is known as

oligohydramnios

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hormone produced by the deteriorating corpus luteum is

progesterone

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the male undescended testicle is known as

cryptorchism

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inflammation of the testicles is

orchitis

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primary female sex glands are

ovaries

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implantation of radioactive seeds to treat prostate cancer involves

isotope iodine 125

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abnormal condition of conception in which there is no fetus is

hydatidiform mole

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normal process of changing breast size and shape with age and or pregnancy is

involution

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T/F - placenta previa requires a c-section

True

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T/F leiomyomas are considered to be STD related

False

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T/F it is normal for the developing fetus to swallow amniotic fluid

True

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T/F prostatitis can be acute or chronic

True

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T/F female vagina normally has acidic pH

True

T/F uterine cancer is more common is nulliparous female

True

spermatogenesis occurs in

seminiferous tubules

male prepuce is known as

foreskin

lubrication of the female external genitalia is accomplished by

bartholins glands

innermost layer of the meninges is

pia mater

membrane separating the cerebellum from the cerebrum is

tentorium cerebelli

disease MS is caused by

demyelinization

portion of a neuron that receives an impulse is the

dendrite

lobe of the brain that controls voluntary motion is

frontal

coordination of activities occurs in the

cerebellum

cerebrum coordinates with the cerebellum through

the pons

the segment of the nervous system that controls fight or flight is

sympathetic

continuation of nerves distal to the termination of the spinal cord is

cauda equine

Functions of CSF nutrients to meninges, cushion and protect brain, waste from the meninges.

Oxygen to meninges is not a function

cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the

choroids plexus

spinal cord terminates at the level of

L-2

white matter of the brain gets its color from

myelin

pointed end of the spinal cord termination is known as

conus medullaris

web like flexible layer of the meninges is the

arachnoid mater

on cross section the gray matter of the spinal cord forms a

H-shape

the lobe of the brain that controls personality is the

frontal

outermost layer of the meninges is the

dura mater

CSF is absorbed by

arachnoid granulations

regulation of respiration and heartbeat is controlled by

medulla oblongata

segment of the nervous system that controls function of the intestine is the

enteric

segment of the nervous system that controls rest and digest

parasympathetic

lobe of the brain that controls vision

occipital

portion of a neuron that acts on an impulse is the

cell body

structure connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres is

corpus callosum

the amount of CSF produced by the body per day is approximately

500 ml

a cerbrovascular accident is also known as a

stroke

the lobe of the brain that controls hearing is the

temporal

alzheimer’s disease is caused by

atrophy

adrenalin is not a neurotransmitter but

acetylcholine, serotonin and dopamine are

membrane separating the left and right cerebral hemispheres is known as the

falx cerebri

lobe of the brain that controls speech is the

parietal

portion of a neuron that transmits an impulse is an

axon

The Circle of Willis is formed by the

internal carotid artery and the basilar artery

diffuse swelling with symmetrical compression of the brain is

meningitis

membrane separating the cerebellum from the cerebrum is known as the

tentorium cerebelli

disease MS is caused by

demyelinization

irregular or stellate lines visible on a skull x-ray are indicative of

skull fracture

lobe of the brain that controls voluntary motion is the

frontal

coordination of activities occurs in the

cerebellum

blockage of normal CSF circulation in an infant can result in

hydrocephalus

segment of the nervous system that controls fight or flight is the

sympathetic

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS is also known as

Lou Gehrig’s disease

cerebrospinal fluid is produce by the

choroids plexus

a bleed within the brain is known as

hemorrhagic stroke

the white matter of the brain gets its color from

myelin

a crescent shaped mass on MRI of the brain is indicative of

subdural hematoma

the interference of normal blood supply to an organ or tissue is

ischemia

CSF is absorbed by

arachnoid granulations

the regulation of respiration and heartbeat is controlled by the

medulla oblongata

presenile dementia is also known as

Alzheimer’s disease

the appearance of lesions within the white matter of the brain on imaging is indicative of

MS multiple sclerosis

the audible sound of vascular turbulence in the carotid arteries is known as

bruit

alzhimer’s disease is cause by

atrophy

functions of CSF are

nutrients to meniges, cushion and protect the brain, waste from the meninges

a CVA is also known as

stroke syndrome

the portion of a neuron that receives an impulse is the

dendrite

MS is

a demyelinating disease; myelin insulates nerve conduction, peak incidence between ages 20-40. but it is not more common in men than in women

spinal cord terminates at the level of

L-2

a disruption of blood flow to the brain due to arterial blockage is known as

ischemic stroke

inflammation of the brain and meninges is known as

encephalitis

cerebrum coordinates with the cerebellum through

the pons

the segment of the nervous system that controls function of the intestine is the

enteric

varied parenchmal density with midline shift on CT of the brain is indicative of

stroke syndrome

venous bleeding within the meniges between the cranium and brain is known as

subdural hematoma

segment of the nervous system that controls rest and digest is the

parasympathetic

alzheimer’s disease is demonstrated radiographically by

cerebral atrophy

the innermost layer of the meninges is the

pia mater

the membrane separating the left and right cerebral hemispheres is known as the

falx cerebri

failure of the lamina to unite posteriorly results in

spina bifida

a patchy appearing brain parenchyma accompanied by midline shift is indicative of

encephalitis

the lobe of the brain that controls personality is the

frontal

death of tissue due to a lack of blood supply is known as

infarction

the outermost layer of the meninges is the

dura mater

arterial plaques visible on imaging studies of the brain are indicative of

transient ischemic attacks TIA

the lobe of the brain that controls vision is the

occipital

a meningomyelocele is caused by

spina bifida

Describe what is meant by brain abscess

…

Describe the function and composition of white matter

…

Describe the function and composition of gray matter

…

Briefly describe why the outer cortex of the brain has Bumps and grooves

…

Briefly describe what is meant by the term synapse

…

Briefly describe what is meant by the term homeostasis

…

Briefly describe how pelvic inflammatory disease can lead to female sterility

Briefly describe the physical changes of endometriosis

…

Briefly describe the physical changes of benign prostatic hyperplasia

…

Briefly describe what is meant by amenorrhea

…

Briefly describe what is meant by a molar pregnancy

…

Briefly describe what is meant by brachytherapy

…

Briefly describe the functions of the female placenta

…

List at least 4 great vessels found within the mediastinum

…

List at least 3 signs and symptoms of deep vein thrombosis

…

Briefly describe the function of valves found within veins

…

Describe the function of pericardial sac

…

Describe the function of the portal circularity system

…

Describe the function of perkinje fibers

…

Describe what is meant by the term diffusion

…

Describe the difference between a thrombus and embolus

…

List the 4 anomalies that comprise the congenital heart condition known as tetralogy of fallot

…

The hormone responsible for making a person sleepy at night is:

Melatonin

The endocrine gland responsible for homeostasis of body temperature is the:

Hypothalamus gland

The “master gland” is also known as the:

Pituitary gland

Insufficient levels of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) will result in:

Diabetes Insipidus

Hypercorticolism is known as:

Cushing’s Syndrome

Blood calcium is decreased by:

Calcitonin

Blood calcium is increased by:

Parathyroid hormone

The excessive secretion of Human Growth Hormone (HGH) in the adolescent skeleton will result in:

Gigantism

Brittle nails, hair loss, and decreased energy levels are indicative of:

Hypothyroidism

A goiter is caused by the condition of:

Too much thyroid hormone

The inadequate intake of Calcium, Vitamin D, and Phosphorus in the adult will result in:

Osteomalacia

The insufficiency of adrenal cortex hormones will result in:

Addison’s disease

The “moon face” appearance is indicative of:

Cushing’s syndrome

Exopthalmos is caused by the condition of:

Too much thyroid hormone

The endocrine gland referred to as the “3rd eye” is known as the:

Pineal gland

The hormone responsible for the development and function of the immune system is:

Thymosin

The hormone responsible for stimulating an ovarian follicle to grow is known as:

Follicle stimulating hormone

The hormone responsible for stimulating mature ovarian follicles to rupture is known as:

Luteinizing hormone

The pathology that has a destructive as well as a reparative phase is:

Paget’s disease

The excessive secretion of Human Growth Hormone (HGH) in the adult skeleton will result in:

Acromegaly

The hormone that stimulates the onset of labor in the gestational female is:

Oxytocin

Adult onset diabetes is also known as:

Type II

Corticoids and glucocorticoids are secreted by the:

Adrenal cortex

The “ivory vertebra” appearance on x-ray is indicative of:

Paget’s

Beta cells of the pancreas produce:

Insulin

Juvenile diabetes is also known as:

Insulin dependent

The hormone responsible for homeostasis of cellular metabolism is:

Thyroxine

Subperiostial resorption and calcified arteries on hand x-ray is indicative of:

Hyperparathyroidism

The autoimmune disorder resulting in hyperthyroidism is known as:

Graves’ disease

Tissue hormones are also known as:

Prostaglandins

The “fight or flight” hormones are secreted by the:

Adrenal medulla

The autoimmune destruction of pancreatic Beta cells will result in:

Juvenile Diabetes

Normal, fasting blood glucose is approximately:

70-120mg/dL

The dispersion of calcium phosphate within the renal parenchyma is indicative of:

Nephrocalcinosis

Buccal lesions, salt craving, and skin color changes are indicative of:

Addison’s

Blood sugar levels are increased by:

Glucagon

An enlarged thryoid gland, hyperactivity, and bulging eyes are indicative of:

Hyperthyroidism

The endocrine gland located within the sella turcica is the:

Pituitary gland

Alpha cells of the pancreas produce

Glucagon

Melatonin is secreted by the

Pineal gland

Blood sugar levels are decreased by

Insulin

The insufficient secretion of Human Growth Hormone (HGH) in the adolescent skeleton will result in:

Dwarfism

The “buffalo hump” appearance is indicative of:

Cushing’s syndrome

Polydipsia and polyuria are signs of:

Diabetes insipidus

Paget’s Disease is also known as:

Osteitis deformans

Briefly describe what is meant by the term hirsutism.

Excessive hair growth. “Hair suit-ism”

Briefly describe what is meant by the term exopthalmos.

Eyes appearing to bulge out.

Briefly describe what is meant by the term hyperglycemia.

Abnormally high levels of blood sugar - glucose.

Briefly describe what is meant by the term osteoporosis.

Porosity of bone.

Briefly describe what is meant by the term tropic hormone.

Hormones that direct other endocrine glands to go to work, secreting their hormones.
Produced by the anterior pituitary gland - adenohypophysis.

Briefly describe what is meant by the term target cell.

The cells/tissue that a hormone is designed to interact with, initiating a response.

Briefly describe what is meant by the term Islets of Langerhans.

Specialized cells spread throughout the pancreas that produce hormones.
Alpha cells produce Glucagon. Beta cells produce Insulin.

58.Briefly describe what is meant by the term homeostasis.

Staying the same - the maintenance of normal within the body.

Briefly describe what occurs when there is hypersecretion of a hormone.

Exaggerated response of the target cells/tissue.

Briefly describe what occurs when there is hyposecretion of a hormone.

Insufficient response of the target cells/tissue.

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Test - FINAL Flashcards

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