Test - FINAL Flashcards
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the space around the heard is
pericardial effusion
Death of tissue due to lack of blood supply is
infarction
The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs is
the left atrium
Most common form of anemia is
iron deficiency anemia
Pain felt by a person due to lack of blood supply to tissue is
angina
Audible sound of vascular turbulence in the carotid artery is
bruit
Congenital narrowing of aorta just beyond the branching to head and arms is
corarctation
The type of muscle that surrounds an artery is
smooth muscle
Rounded bulging aneurysm from one side of arterial wall is
saccular
The material found within a red blood cell that allows it to carry gasses is
hemoglobin
Platelets are also known as
thrombocytes
Inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of blood is
congestive heart failure
The outermost layer of an artery or vein is the
tunica externa
The abnormal accumulation of extravascular fluid in the pulmonary tissue is
pulmonary edema
Hyperplasia of the bone marrow results in
polycythemia
An enlarged left heart and tortuous aorta on chest x-ray indicative of
hypertensive heart disease
The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood to the bodies periphery is the
left ventricle
A tubular bulging aneurism of the entire circumference of an artery or vein is a
fusiform
The notched rib appearance on a chest x-ray is indicative of
coarctation
The right atrioventricular valve is also known as the
tricuspid valve
Fatty deposits within arterial walls are known as
plaque
The amount of solids in the blood are known as
hematocrit
Arterial thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity is
artherosclerosis
The interference of normal blood supply to an organ or tissue is
ischemia
Vericose veins are known to be caused by
failure of valves within veins
The left AV valve is also known as the
mitrial valve
The “hair on end” appearance on x-ray of the skull is indicative of
thallasemia
The form of anemia most commonly seen in people of African decent is
sickle cell anemia
The “bald” appearance of the stomach due to loss of rugal folds is
megaloblastic anemia
The form of anemia most commonly seen in persons of mediteranian decent is
thallasemia
The mitrial valve is also known as the
bicuspid valve
neoplastic proliferation of white blood cells will result in
leukemia
lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly on imaging studies is indicative of
infectious mononucleosis
An anomaly of blood coagulation is known as
hemophilia
The circle of Willis is formed by the
internal carotid artery and basilar artery
The appearance of joint hemorrhages on imaging studies is indicative of
hemophilia
A person is considered to have high blood pressure if their readings are greater than
140/90
The innermost layer of the heart is known as the
endocardium
The appearance of calcified densities along arteries on x-ray in indicative of
artherosclerosis
White blood cells are also known as
leukocytes
The outermost layer of the heart is known as the
epicardium
The heart chamber with the largest and strongest muscle is the
left ventricle
An aneurysm caused by leakage of high pressure blood into the layers of an artery is described as
dissecting
The heart chamber that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the
right ventricle
The butterfly appearance on a chest x-ray is
pulmonary edema
The pulmonary trunk carries
blood to the lungs
Heart rhythm begins in the
SA node
Normal life span of a red blood cell is
120 days
To meet the definition of CHF the chest to thorax ratio has to be
50%
The middle/muscular layer of an artery or vein is known as the
tunica media
The sabot appearance of the heart on CXR is
tetralogy of fallot
Heart chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from body periphery is
right atrium
Deficiency of platelet cells (purpura) is know as
thrombocytopenia
The innermost layer of an artery or vein is known as
tunica intima
Muscular layer of the heart is known as
myocardium
Red blood cells are also known as
erythrocytes
primary male sex glands are
testes
uterine fibroids are also known as
leiomyomas
spermatogenesis occurs within the
seminiferous tubules
causative pathogen of mastitis is most commonly
bacteria
pathology with a strong link to HPV is
carcinoma of cervix
reproductive anomaly associated with unilateral renal agenesis
unicornuate uterus
in a sperm cell, cytoplasmic organelles are found within the
body/mid piece
percentage of women over age 50 that experience uterine fibroids is
40-50%
cowper’s glands are also known as
bulbourethral glands
fingerlike projections of the fallopian tubes are known as
fimbria
the male urethra passes through the portion of the penis known as the
corpus spongiosum
twisting of the testicles within the scrotum is known as
testicular torsion
hormone responsible for female sexual characteristics is
estrogen
surgical procedure that makes a male sterile and unable to produce kids is
vasectomy
placenta extending into the myometrium with an unduly firm attachment is
placental percreta
hormone that prepares a woman for menstruation is
progesterone
lubrication of the male urethra just prior to ejaculation is accomplished by the
bulbourethral glands
the heart shape appearance on pelvic ultrasound is indicative of
bicornuate uterus
maturation of spermatozoa occurs within the
epididymis
hormone responsible male characteristics
testosterone
muscular lining of the uterus is
myometrium
bunch of grapes appearance on a pelvic ultrasound is indicative of
hydatidiform mole
inner mucosal lining of the uterine cavity is
endometrium
tip of male penis is
glans penis
most common site of ectopic pregnancy
uterine tube
hormone produced by the developing ovarian follicle is
estrogen
structures found within the male scrotum don’t include seminal vesicles but do include
testes epididymis and spermatic cord
most common congenital anomaly of female reproductive system is
bicornuate uterus
male ejaculatory duct is formed by the merger of the
vas deferens and seminal vesicles
majority of ejaculate volume is produced by the
seminal vesicles
congenital duplication of uterus, cervix and vagina is
uterus didelphys
teratomas are also known as
dermoid cysts
the marker PSA on a blood test is helpful in diagnosing
adenocarcinoma of prostate
hormone that prepares a woman for pregnancy is
estrogen
premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall is
placental abruption
glandular, milk producing structures of the female breast is
acini
placenta that is implanted over the cervical opening is
placenta previa
disorder involving too little amniotic fluid is known as
oligohydramnios
hormone produced by the deteriorating corpus luteum is
progesterone
the male undescended testicle is known as
cryptorchism
inflammation of the testicles is
orchitis
primary female sex glands are
ovaries
implantation of radioactive seeds to treat prostate cancer involves
isotope iodine 125
abnormal condition of conception in which there is no fetus is
hydatidiform mole
normal process of changing breast size and shape with age and or pregnancy is
involution
T/F - placenta previa requires a c-section
True
T/F leiomyomas are considered to be STD related
False
T/F it is normal for the developing fetus to swallow amniotic fluid
True
T/F prostatitis can be acute or chronic
True
T/F female vagina normally has acidic pH
True
T/F uterine cancer is more common is nulliparous female
True
spermatogenesis occurs in
seminiferous tubules
male prepuce is known as
foreskin
lubrication of the female external genitalia is accomplished by
bartholins glands
innermost layer of the meninges is
pia mater
membrane separating the cerebellum from the cerebrum is
tentorium cerebelli
disease MS is caused by
demyelinization
portion of a neuron that receives an impulse is the
dendrite
lobe of the brain that controls voluntary motion is
frontal
coordination of activities occurs in the
cerebellum
cerebrum coordinates with the cerebellum through
the pons
the segment of the nervous system that controls fight or flight is
sympathetic
continuation of nerves distal to the termination of the spinal cord is
cauda equine
Functions of CSF nutrients to meninges, cushion and protect brain, waste from the meninges.
Oxygen to meninges is not a function
cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the
choroids plexus
spinal cord terminates at the level of
L-2
white matter of the brain gets its color from
myelin
pointed end of the spinal cord termination is known as
conus medullaris
web like flexible layer of the meninges is the
arachnoid mater
on cross section the gray matter of the spinal cord forms a
H-shape
the lobe of the brain that controls personality is the
frontal
outermost layer of the meninges is the
dura mater
CSF is absorbed by
arachnoid granulations
regulation of respiration and heartbeat is controlled by
medulla oblongata
segment of the nervous system that controls function of the intestine is the
enteric
segment of the nervous system that controls rest and digest
parasympathetic
lobe of the brain that controls vision
occipital
portion of a neuron that acts on an impulse is the
cell body
structure connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres is
corpus callosum
the amount of CSF produced by the body per day is approximately
500 ml
a cerbrovascular accident is also known as a
stroke
the lobe of the brain that controls hearing is the
temporal
alzheimer’s disease is caused by
atrophy
adrenalin is not a neurotransmitter but
acetylcholine, serotonin and dopamine are
membrane separating the left and right cerebral hemispheres is known as the
falx cerebri
lobe of the brain that controls speech is the
parietal
portion of a neuron that transmits an impulse is an
axon
The Circle of Willis is formed by the
internal carotid artery and the basilar artery
diffuse swelling with symmetrical compression of the brain is
meningitis
membrane separating the cerebellum from the cerebrum is known as the
tentorium cerebelli
disease MS is caused by
demyelinization
irregular or stellate lines visible on a skull x-ray are indicative of
skull fracture
lobe of the brain that controls voluntary motion is the
frontal
coordination of activities occurs in the
cerebellum
blockage of normal CSF circulation in an infant can result in
hydrocephalus
segment of the nervous system that controls fight or flight is the
sympathetic
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS is also known as
Lou Gehrig’s disease
cerebrospinal fluid is produce by the
choroids plexus
a bleed within the brain is known as
hemorrhagic stroke
the white matter of the brain gets its color from
myelin
a crescent shaped mass on MRI of the brain is indicative of
subdural hematoma
the interference of normal blood supply to an organ or tissue is
ischemia
CSF is absorbed by
arachnoid granulations
the regulation of respiration and heartbeat is controlled by the
medulla oblongata
presenile dementia is also known as
Alzheimer’s disease
the appearance of lesions within the white matter of the brain on imaging is indicative of
MS multiple sclerosis
the audible sound of vascular turbulence in the carotid arteries is known as
bruit
alzhimer’s disease is cause by
atrophy
functions of CSF are
nutrients to meniges, cushion and protect the brain, waste from the meninges
a CVA is also known as
stroke syndrome
the portion of a neuron that receives an impulse is the
dendrite
MS is
a demyelinating disease; myelin insulates nerve conduction, peak incidence between ages 20-40. but it is not more common in men than in women
spinal cord terminates at the level of
L-2
a disruption of blood flow to the brain due to arterial blockage is known as
ischemic stroke
inflammation of the brain and meninges is known as
encephalitis
cerebrum coordinates with the cerebellum through
the pons
the segment of the nervous system that controls function of the intestine is the
enteric
varied parenchmal density with midline shift on CT of the brain is indicative of
stroke syndrome
venous bleeding within the meniges between the cranium and brain is known as
subdural hematoma
segment of the nervous system that controls rest and digest is the
parasympathetic
alzheimer’s disease is demonstrated radiographically by
cerebral atrophy
the innermost layer of the meninges is the
pia mater
the membrane separating the left and right cerebral hemispheres is known as the
falx cerebri
failure of the lamina to unite posteriorly results in
spina bifida
a patchy appearing brain parenchyma accompanied by midline shift is indicative of
encephalitis
the lobe of the brain that controls personality is the
frontal
death of tissue due to a lack of blood supply is known as
infarction
the outermost layer of the meninges is the
dura mater
arterial plaques visible on imaging studies of the brain are indicative of
transient ischemic attacks TIA
the lobe of the brain that controls vision is the
occipital
a meningomyelocele is caused by
spina bifida
Describe what is meant by brain abscess
…
Describe the function and composition of white matter
…
Describe the function and composition of gray matter
…
Briefly describe why the outer cortex of the brain has Bumps and grooves
…
Briefly describe what is meant by the term synapse
…
Briefly describe what is meant by the term homeostasis
…
Briefly describe how pelvic inflammatory disease can lead to female sterility
.
Briefly describe the physical changes of endometriosis
…
Briefly describe the physical changes of benign prostatic hyperplasia
…
Briefly describe what is meant by amenorrhea
…
Briefly describe what is meant by a molar pregnancy
…
Briefly describe what is meant by brachytherapy
…
Briefly describe the functions of the female placenta
…
List at least 4 great vessels found within the mediastinum
…
List at least 3 signs and symptoms of deep vein thrombosis
…
Briefly describe the function of valves found within veins
…
Describe the function of pericardial sac
…
Describe the function of the portal circularity system
…
Describe the function of perkinje fibers
…
Describe what is meant by the term diffusion
…
Describe the difference between a thrombus and embolus
…
List the 4 anomalies that comprise the congenital heart condition known as tetralogy of fallot
…
The hormone responsible for making a person sleepy at night is:
Melatonin
The endocrine gland responsible for homeostasis of body temperature is the:
Hypothalamus gland
The “master gland” is also known as the:
Pituitary gland
Insufficient levels of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) will result in:
Diabetes Insipidus
Hypercorticolism is known as:
Cushing’s Syndrome
Blood calcium is decreased by:
Calcitonin
Blood calcium is increased by:
Parathyroid hormone
The excessive secretion of Human Growth Hormone (HGH) in the adolescent skeleton will result in:
Gigantism
Brittle nails, hair loss, and decreased energy levels are indicative of:
Hypothyroidism
A goiter is caused by the condition of:
Too much thyroid hormone
The inadequate intake of Calcium, Vitamin D, and Phosphorus in the adult will result in:
Osteomalacia
The insufficiency of adrenal cortex hormones will result in:
Addison’s disease
The “moon face” appearance is indicative of:
Cushing’s syndrome
Exopthalmos is caused by the condition of:
Too much thyroid hormone
The endocrine gland referred to as the “3rd eye” is known as the:
Pineal gland
The hormone responsible for the development and function of the immune system is:
Thymosin
The hormone responsible for stimulating an ovarian follicle to grow is known as:
Follicle stimulating hormone
The hormone responsible for stimulating mature ovarian follicles to rupture is known as:
Luteinizing hormone
The pathology that has a destructive as well as a reparative phase is:
Paget’s disease
The excessive secretion of Human Growth Hormone (HGH) in the adult skeleton will result in:
Acromegaly
The hormone that stimulates the onset of labor in the gestational female is:
Oxytocin
Adult onset diabetes is also known as:
Type II
Corticoids and glucocorticoids are secreted by the:
Adrenal cortex
The “ivory vertebra” appearance on x-ray is indicative of:
Paget’s
Beta cells of the pancreas produce:
Insulin
Juvenile diabetes is also known as:
Insulin dependent
The hormone responsible for homeostasis of cellular metabolism is:
Thyroxine
Subperiostial resorption and calcified arteries on hand x-ray is indicative of:
Hyperparathyroidism
The autoimmune disorder resulting in hyperthyroidism is known as:
Graves’ disease
Tissue hormones are also known as:
Prostaglandins
The “fight or flight” hormones are secreted by the:
Adrenal medulla
The autoimmune destruction of pancreatic Beta cells will result in:
Juvenile Diabetes
Normal, fasting blood glucose is approximately:
70-120mg/dL
The dispersion of calcium phosphate within the renal parenchyma is indicative of:
Nephrocalcinosis
Buccal lesions, salt craving, and skin color changes are indicative of:
Addison’s
Blood sugar levels are increased by:
Glucagon
An enlarged thryoid gland, hyperactivity, and bulging eyes are indicative of:
Hyperthyroidism
The endocrine gland located within the sella turcica is the:
Pituitary gland
Alpha cells of the pancreas produce
Glucagon
Melatonin is secreted by the
Pineal gland
Blood sugar levels are decreased by
Insulin
The insufficient secretion of Human Growth Hormone (HGH) in the adolescent skeleton will result in:
Dwarfism
The “buffalo hump” appearance is indicative of:
Cushing’s syndrome
Polydipsia and polyuria are signs of:
Diabetes insipidus
Paget’s Disease is also known as:
Osteitis deformans
Briefly describe what is meant by the term hirsutism.
Excessive hair growth. “Hair suit-ism”
Briefly describe what is meant by the term exopthalmos.
Eyes appearing to bulge out.
Briefly describe what is meant by the term hyperglycemia.
Abnormally high levels of blood sugar - glucose.
Briefly describe what is meant by the term osteoporosis.
Porosity of bone.
Briefly describe what is meant by the term tropic hormone.
Hormones that direct other endocrine glands to go to work, secreting their hormones.
Produced by the anterior pituitary gland - adenohypophysis.
Briefly describe what is meant by the term target cell.
The cells/tissue that a hormone is designed to interact with, initiating a response.
Briefly describe what is meant by the term Islets of Langerhans.
Specialized cells spread throughout the pancreas that produce hormones.
Alpha cells produce Glucagon. Beta cells produce Insulin.
58.Briefly describe what is meant by the term homeostasis.
Staying the same - the maintenance of normal within the body.
Briefly describe what occurs when there is hypersecretion of a hormone.
Exaggerated response of the target cells/tissue.
Briefly describe what occurs when there is hyposecretion of a hormone.
Insufficient response of the target cells/tissue.
