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SEM V - Rad Pathology II > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Vein -

A

carry blood toward the heart, arranged in 3 layers, and contain valves to prevent backflow

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1
Q

Artery -

A

carry blood away from the heart, arranged in 3 layers, and absorb pressure wave

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2
Q

Capillary -

A

vascular connection between the artery and vein

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3
Q

Atria of heart (atrium) -

A

the receiving chambers of the heart on both the right and left side

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4
Q

Ventricles of heart -

A

the pumping chambers of the heart on both the right and left side

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5
Q

Pulmonary circulation -

A

movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again

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6
Q

Portal circulation -

A

circulation of blood to the liver from the small intestine, the right half of the colon, and the spleen through the portal vein; sometimes specified as the hepatic portal circulation;

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7
Q

Endocardium -

A

inner lining of the heart

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8
Q

Myocardium -

A

muscular wall of the heart

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9
Q

Epicardium -

A

thin membrane that covers the heart

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10
Q

Pericardial sac -

A

fluid filled sac that lubricates motion of the heart

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11
Q

Tunica intima -

A

the innermost/endothelial vascular layer

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12
Q

Tunica media -

A

the middle/smooth muscles vascular layer

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13
Q

Tunica externa/Tunica adventitia -

A

the outermost vascular layer

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14
Q

SA node - sinoatrial node -

A

The heart’s natural pacemaker, one of the major elements in the cardiac conduction system, the system that controls the heart rate.

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15
Q

AV node -

A

a part of the electrical control system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart. It electrically connects atrial and ventricular chambers.

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16
Q

Purkinje fibers -

A

specialized muscle fibers found in the heart. They originate at the atrioventricular bundle and extend into the ventricles. Their function is to relay impulses from the bundle to the ventricles, causing a contraction

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17
Q

Vena cava -

A

large veins (venous trunks) that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart

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18
Q

Aorta -

A

the great vessel that takes oxygenated blood from the heart to the organs

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19
Q

Pulmonary trunk -

A

blood vessel which divides to form the right and left pulmonary arteries.

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20
Q

Pulmonary veins -

A

large blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and drain into the left atrium of the heart

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21
Q

PTCA “pizza” -

A

(percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) the opening of a narrowed coronary artery; minimally invasive

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22
Q

CABG “cabbage” -

A

(coronary artery bypass and graft) heart bypass surgery, grafting of “new vessels” around occluded vessels - usually a vein from patients leg

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23
Q

Plasma -

A

pale yellow liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells. It makes up about 55% of the body’s total blood volume.

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24
Q

Hematocrit -

A

the solid portion of blood, normally about 45%

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25
Q

Hemoglobin -

A

iron pigment; hemo=iron, globin=pigment

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26
Q

Diffusion -

A

the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

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27
Q

Left to right shunt -

A

Most common congenital cardiac lesions; Structural defects of heart and vessels; Mixing of pulmonary and systemic blood

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28
Q

Atrial septal defect -

A

a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of your heart (atria). The condition is present from birth (congenital).

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29
Q

Ventricular septal defect -

A

A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a defect in the ventricular septum, the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart.

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30
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus -

A

a condition in which the ductus arteriosus does not close.

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31
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

“blue baby syndrome” - Cyanosis due to inadequate oxidation; right to left shunting of blood

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32
Q

The “sabot appearance” -

A

Dutch wooden shoe appearance on imaging

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33
Q

The 4 hallmarks of Tetralogy of Fallot -

A

ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, dextropositioning of aorta, hypertrophic right ventricle

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34
Q

Interventricular septal defect -

A

.

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35
Q

Pulmonary stenosis -

A

partial obstruction of right ventricular outflow (to lungs) and pulmonary valve

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36
Q

Hypertrophic right ventricle -

A

thickened right ventricle

37
Q

Dextropositioning of aorta -

A

increased outflow in aorta

38
Q

Coarctation of aorta -

A

narrowing of the aorta

39
Q

The “notched ribs appearance” -

A

narrowing of aorta due to high arterial pressure

40
Q

Valvular disease -

A

failure of valves to seal causing regurgitation

41
Q

Regurgitation -

A

back flow

42
Q

Bovine tissue graft -

A

cow tissue graft

43
Q

Porcine tissue graft -

A

pig tissue graft

44
Q

Pulmonary embolus -

A

a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in your lungs. In most cases, pulmonary embolism is caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from the legs or, rarely, other parts of the body

45
Q

Cor pulmonale -

A

aka Pulmonary hypertension; an enlargement of the right ventricle due to high blood pressure in the lungs usually caused by chronic lung disease

46
Q

​The “enlarged right ventricle” appearance -

A

due to high blood pressure in the lungs usually caused by chronic lung disease

47
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) -

A

narrowing/occlusion of the coronary arteries

48
Q

Ischemia -

A

decrease/loss of blood flow to tissue

49
Q

Infarction -

A

death of tissue due to loss of blood flow

50
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI) -

A

Death of heart muscle due to lack of blood flow (ischemia) and/or due to thrombus (blood clot) of coronary arteries

51
Q

Congestive heart failure -

A

inability of the heart to propel blood at a rate and volume sufficient to provide adequate supply to the tissues; characterized by cardiomegaly on imaging studies

52
Q

The “greater than 50% diameter sign” -

A

a sign of congestive heart failure

53
Q

Pulmonary edema -

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extra vascular pulmonary tissue

54
Q

The “butterfly” or “angel’s wings” sign -

A

pattern of edema on imaging studies a sign of pulmonary edema

55
Q

Hypertension -

A

increased pressure within the systemic circulatory system, the leading cause of stroke and CHF

56
Q

The “enlarged left heart” and “tortuous aorta” sign -

A

radiologic signs of hypertension

57
Q

Why is hypertension considered to be a “silent killer” -

A

symptoms often go unrecognized and unnoticed

58
Q

Pericardial effusion -

A

accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space resulting in increased pressure directed onto myocardium

59
Q

The “enlargement of cardiac silhouette” sign -

A

radiographic sign of pericardial effusion on imaging

60
Q

Aneurysm -

A

localized dilation of an artery which appears asbulging or calcification of the artery on imaging.

61
Q

Saccular -

A

a type of aneurysm with the appearance of a sac or round shape bulging on one aide of arterial wall

62
Q

Fusiform -

A

a type of aneurysm with the appearance of a tubular shape bulging of the arterial circumference

63
Q

Dissecting -

A

a type of aneurysm with the appearance of tearing of the arterial wall, bleeding into the artery’s layers

64
Q

AAA -

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

65
Q

Atherosclerosis -

A

arterial thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity due to a build up of fatty deposits which leads to narrowing of arteries

66
Q

The “calcified arteries” sign -

A

radiographic sign of calcified densities on imaging

67
Q

Bruit -

A

noise of arterial “turbulence” in carotid artery

68
Q

Thrombus -

A

blood clot that CAN obstruct, forms in a vessel

69
Q

Embolus -

A

anything that causes an obstruction, can be life threatening and travels from the site where formed

70
Q

DVT –

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis

71
Q

List the signs of DVT -

A

pain/tenderness, swelling of the lower extremity, warmth of skin, and redness/discoloration of skin

72
Q

Varicose veins -

A

dilated, elongated, tortuous vessels, causing a pooling of blood into lower extremities with signs of enlargement of veins, stagnation of blood flow and possible blood clot formation

73
Q

Erythrocytes -

A

Red blood cells

Function: Carry oxygen and CO2 for gas exchange

74
Q

Leukocytes -

A

White blood cells

​Function: Infection control within body

75
Q

Thrombocytes/Platelets -

A

platelet cells of the blood

​Function: Clotting cells within body

76
Q

Anemia -

A

a decrease in hemoglobin

77
Q

Iron deficiency -

A

the most common form of anemia

78
Q

Hemolytic -

A

shortened life span of RBC’s

79
Q

Aplastic -

A

failure of bone marrow function resulting in a decrease in blood cells

80
Q

Megaloblastic -

A

a type of anemia resulting in decreased RBc’s due to defective DNA synthesis

81
Q

The “bald appearance in stomach” sign -

A

radiographic sign of megaloblastic anemia due to the decrease if rugal folds

82
Q

Thallasemia -

A

defect in hemoglobin formation in people of Mediterranean descent

83
Q

The “hair on end” sign -

A

radiographic appearance of Thailasemia

84
Q

Population group most affected:

A

people of Mediterranean descent

85
Q

Polycythemia -

A

hyperplasia of the bone marrow, increased blood cell production,k prominent pulmonary vasculature on imaging studies

86
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia -

A

form of hemolytic anemia, abnormal hemoglobin molecules

Population group most affected: Africans

87
Q

Leukemia -

A

neoplastic proliferation of white blood cells, chronic or acute

88
Q

Lymphoma -

A

neoplasms of the lymphatic system

89
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis -

A

viral disease of the lymphatic system

SEM V - Rad Pathology II (7 decks)

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