Test exam Flashcards
Test exam
We saw that management requires monitoring and evaluation.
a. At which of the policy stages (policy goals - actions) can a nature management plan be monitored and evaluated in a SMART way
( 5pts)
Monitoring and evaluating in a SMART way can be done very well during the stages ‘Area conditions’ & ‘ Goal components’ .
We saw that management requires monitoring and evaluation.
b. Use a real life example to explain how this (monitor and evaluate nature management) can be done, and by doing so use the words:
- Value
- Attribute
- Indicator
- Method
(5 pts)
Value: Population of an endangered animal
Attribute:
- Breeding success
- Mortality rate
Indicator:
- Number of breeding females
- Proportion dying every year.
Method:
- Count nest at location
- Mark and recapture
The millenium Ecosystem Assessment has stated very clearly that ecosystem services are of vital importance for human welfare. Mention the ecosystem services and explain what is meant with ‘ecosystem services’.
(5pts)
Provisioning, regulating and cultural services.
Provisioning:
- Provide goods such as fibers and foods.
Regulating:
- Regulate benefits such as air quality, climate regulation, water purification, disease regulation and pollination.
Cultural services:
- Education
- Tourism
- Aesthetic
Ecosystem services are veried benefits to humans provided by the natural environment and healthy ecosystems.
During the lectures there was quite some talk about food production for human consumption. Explain why food production for human consumption is important from a wildlife managent point of view.
(5pts)
- 50% of global land use is agriculture
- Major contributor to global warming
- Responsible for 1/3 of the greenhouse gasses
- Largerst source of water pollution
- Biggest user of freshwater
Furthermore: Agricultural areas as seminatural areas for wildlife, monocultures, intensification of land use
Discuss 2 agriments that are pro- and two arguments that are against the use of biofuels.
PRO:
1. Green energy
2. Biofuels as renewable and sustainable energy source
3. Energy unit price from biofuels is quite low
4. Large amounts of biomass available on a global scale
5. Low level of dependence on other countries
6. Scalable and flexible energy source
7. Mature technology due to extensive research in the past
8. Diversification in raw materials possible.
CON:
1. Production of biofuels can be quite inefficient
2. Large amounts of raw materials have to be used
3. Significant greenhouse gas emissions in the whole production chain.
4. Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
5. High initial investments required.
6. Increase in global food prices
7. Global hunger and starvation.
8. High water demand.
Scientists may have a different role. We saw a classification which divided scientist into 5 roles. What are these roles?
- Pure scientist
- Arbiter (Scheidsrechter)
- Broker (Makelaar)
- Advocate (pleitbezorger)
- Participative expert
Fill in Table row 1:
Cultural style:
…..
Characterised by:
….
The contrary is:
….
Characterised by:
….
Cultural style:
- Individualism
Characterised by:
- Society is directed primarily towards the single person; Extra remuneration for his/her own personal achievements.
The contrary is:
- Collectivism
Characterised by:
- Society is directed primarily towards the well-being of the group of communal interests; Extras gained by one individual is shared with the group.
Fill in Table row 2:
Cultural style:
…..
Characterised by:
….
The contrary is:
….
Characterised by:
….
Cultural style:
- Neutral
Characterised by:
- Refraining from showing your emotion; Do not reveal what they are thinking or feeling.
The contrary is:
- Emotional (affective)
Characterised by:
- Reveal thought and feelings verbally and non-verbally; Transparcency and expressiveness in the release of tension.
Fill in Table row 3:
Cultural style:
…..
Characterised by:
….
The contrary is:
….
Characterised by:
….
Cultural style:
- Universalism
Characterised by:
- To act according to certain rules and values. Standards of society are dominant.
The contrary is:
- Particularism
Characterised by:
- Specific circumstances are allowed. Personal relationships are dominant.
Give two examples of ecosystem services in an urban environment.
- Air purification
- Increase in well-being
- Reduction of noise polution
- thermo regulation
-Pollination - Education
- Tourism
- Aesthetic
etc.
Draw a quite accurate map of Fryslân indicating its main soil types.
(5 pts)
Prachtige teken kunsten
- Clay (West / Noord West)
- Peat (Midden / Zuid-West)
- Sand (Zuid-Oost)
Name at least 5 different historical topograpic areas on this map. More will grant bonus points
Prachtige teken kunsten
- Waddengebied
- Lauwerszee
- Terpengebied van Oostergo
- Het Bildt
- Westergo
- Nieuwlanden
- Noordelijke wouden
- Het Lage Midden
- Gaasterland
- Veen-polders
- Zuidoosthoek
Briefly describe the development history of the Frisian clay landscapes to now, with their main underlying phenomena and processes
(10pts)
The formation of the dutch sea clay landscape began in the early Holocene, from about ten thousand years ago. At that time, the sea level rose due to the melting to the land ice caps. The North sea filled up and reached our current territory.
5000 thousand years ago, clay sedimentation found place along the coast and held the clau and sand on salt marshes, The area began to rise and the influence of the sea decreased. On the sea clay, peat swamps formed, these were covered once more in sea clay.
Explain how decline of the Black Grouse on Dutch dry heathlands & adjacent dry forests is related to intesive agriculture.
The dry heathlands and forests are the habitats of the Black Grouse, these habitats are affected by the nitrogen deposition that affects the amino acids in the litter layer, which causes a decline in insects; the food of Black Grouse chicks.
Propose a landscape managment measure that could sustain the Black Grouse and explain how it should work.
Add rock powder to restore the N/P ratio and increase P, Ca, and Mg.
In additio, build up and protect humus. This can be done by adding and leaving layers of leaves and animal to decay and for a thick layer of humus which will in turn be able to sustain a healthy insect population; sustaining a healthy Black Grouse population.
