PPT - Strijkstra

Question 1

Landscape

Answer 1

A mosaic of connected ecosystems.

Question 2

Landscape ecology

Answer 2

Interactions of energy, matter, and organisms across ecosystems in a landscape.

Question 3

Ecotope

Answer 3

The smallest ecologically-distinct landscape features in a landscape mapping & classification system.

Question 4

Clay

Answer 4

Nutrient rich soil.

Question 5

Low moor peat and löss

Answer 5

neither nutrient rich, nor nutrient poor soil.

Question 6

Sand

Answer 6

Nutrient poor soil

Question 7

High moor peat

Answer 7

Extremely nutrient poor soil

Question 8

Pleistocene:

Answer 8

• Elsterien (465 - 418 ky)
• Saalien (238 - 126 ky)
• Weichselien (116 - 12 ky)

Last 2 ice ages are important (bolder clay / cover sands)

Question 9

Saalien

Answer 9

238 - 126 ky
Bolder clay ridges, moraine, deposits:

• Veluwe
• Utrechtse heuvelrug
• Sallandse heuvelrug
• Neder Rijnse heuvelrug

Question 10

Weichselien

Answer 10

116 - 12 ky
Ice desert, tundra, low sea level.
Sandy / windy: Sand loess.
Pleistocene cover sands.

Question 11

Sea actions

Answer 11

Tidal action
Wave action
Currents
Rising sea level

Question 12

Tides

Answer 12

Energy depends on tidal range.
Sedimentation patterns with or without lagunes.

Question 13

Waves

Answer 13

Energy depends on winds and currents, sedimentation in wind direction.

Question 14

Holocene

Answer 14

> 12 ky
Melting ice, subsidence of land, shapes shore line, fast sea level rise, coastline land inwards, Rhine empties via channel river, Elbe empties via Norwegian coast.

Question 15

Fast sea level rise

Answer 15

Coast moves land inward, peat formation on sea border, earlier developed peat covered with sea clay.

Question 16

Slower sea lever rise

Answer 16

Slower movement land inward, formation of sand ridges and dunes, behind dunes peat formation in lagunes.

Question 17

Stagnating sea level rise

Answer 17

Coastline seawards, new sand ridges, dune formation by wind action, sea clay deposits by floodings.

Question 18

Glacial

Answer 18

Deposited morenes, bolder clay deposits, land subsidence, wind blown higher cover sands.

Question 19

Marine

Answer 19

Discontinuous sea level rise, tidal, south- mid- north differneces, sediments.

Question 20

River

Answer 20

Sediments, river, clay peat formation.

Question 21

Early human influence

Answer 21

Peat drainage, industrial peat, industrial forest, agricultural drainage and forest clearance, terps.

Question 22

Zuidoosthoek

Answer 22

Higher sandy soils, open sands, low and high moor, fens.
- Early human use -> High moor peat draining, es-village farming, brook deforested, grasslands.
- Current human use -> High moor drained, no retention, intensive farming, eutrophication, small fragmented heather, canalized brook.

Question 23

Gaasterland

Answer 23

Glacial deposit, hedges

Question 24

Het lage midden

Answer 24

Moorlands, meadows, summerpolders/ winterpolders, dikes, active drainage.

Question 25

Veenpolders

Answer 25

Large lakes, drainage and oxidation

Question 26

Het Bildt

Answer 26

Clay polders, dikes, dike villages.