PPT - Van Wijk Flashcards
Considerations management
- What is the goal?
- How much change is acceptable?
- Legislation
- How to make it SMART?
- Judgements (value judgements, technical judgements, etc.).
- Tools of the habitat management is not the goal.
- Materials, costs, cost effectiveness.
- Species and ecology.
- Involved people.
PLC steps
- What is the present situation?
- What is the desired future situation?
- Determine and execute management measures to get to the desired situation.
- Methods of monitoring and measuring developments.
- Evaluation and adjustment of management measures, back to 1.
Traditional land use habitats
- Pastoralism = a system where you have a shepherd and cattle/ sheep for grazing in a controlled way
- Transhumance systems = large-scale pastoralism.
- Extensive farming systems.
Low density human population
- Sustainable co-existence
- Utilitarian attitude towards nature
- Uniform vision on nature.
- Social control
- No large scale power
- No large scale impacts
- Nature can recover
High density human population
- A lot of discussion about nature
- Different visions on nature
- Social control reduced
- Large scale (economic) power
- Large scale impacts
- Not sustainable
- Nature cannot recover.
Wildlife management
- Keep nature as it is
- Increase numbers of an endangered population (instrinsic value, nature purpose, hunting)
- Pest control
Nt +1 = N + b - d + i - e
N = Population size
B = Births
D = Deaths
i = immigration
e = emigration
Foraging strategies
- Browsers
- Grazers
- Selective feeders
Millennium ecosystem assessment
Designed to meet needs of decision- makers among government, business, civil society. Investigates the consequences of ecosystem change for human well-being and the options ot restore, conserve or enhance the sustainable use of ecosystems.
Criteria for successfull assessment
- Political legitimacy
- Scientific credibility
- Focus on user needs
Ecosystem services
- Provisioning services (food, wood, clean water)
- Regulating services (regulating climate, diseases, nature disasters, pollination)
- Cultural services (tourism, religion, education)
Ecosystems translated to the constituents of well-being:
- Security (personal safety, secure resource access, security from disasters)
- Basic material for good life (adequate livelihoods, sufficient food, shelter, access to goods)
- Health (strength, feeling well, access to clean air and water)
- Good social relations (social cohesion, mutual respect, ability to help others)
Indirect drivers
- Demographic
- Economic
- Sociopolitical
- Science and technology
- Cultural and religious
Direct drivers
- Changes in land use
- Species introduction or removal
- Technology adaptation and use
- External inputs
- Resource consumption
- Climate change
- Natural physical and biological drivers
Human well-being
- Basic material for good life
- Health
- Good social relations
- Security
- Freedom of choice and action
Western view on ecosystems
- Materialistic view
- Human use centered
- We can manage ecosystems
Natural capital assets
- Species
- Ecological communities
- Soils
- Freshwater
- Land
- Minerals
- Atmosphere
- Sub-soil assets
- Oceans
- Coasts
Natural capital benefits
- Food
- Fiber
- Freshwater
- Recreation
- Clean air
- Wildlife
- Hazard protection
- Equable climate
- Health
Options for investing in natural capital
- Woodland planting
- Upland peatland restoration
- Wetland creation
- Protecting and expanding areas of intertidal habitats
- Improving fisheries management
Agriculture
The systematic use of sunlight and other resources such as water and nutrients for and by people, for animal and vegetable food products, fiber such as wool, for beverages, raw meterial for pharmaceutical products and building and packing materials. Agricultural is artificial by default; people interfere in the existing ecosytem, leadin to genetic drift and domestication of plants and animals.
Sustainability requires
- Closed cycled minerals
- Low energy input, high energy output
- Efficient land use and resource use
- Socially responsible
- Valuation of natural resources
- Low global footprint for agriculture
- Short transport lines
- Transport what makes sense.
- Low pollution charges
- Low waste
Liberation
The possibility and the need to free oneself from subjagating powers in the environment
Anthropogenic vision
The control of the environment ‘progress’ ‘liberation’ reductionism, fragmented approach and not unlimited.
Reasons why glyphosate is bad
- Not biodegradable
- Residue found in 45% of Europe’s topsoil
- Residue found in 75% of Germans tested
- Residue found in human food
