Test drugs present in the body fluids

Question 1

where are parent drugs mainly found

Answer 1

oral fluid
hair
sweat

Question 2

where are polar metabolites found

Answer 2

urine

Question 3

specimen selection

Answer 3

collection
handling
stability
transport
potential exposure to or transmitting of infectious agent

Question 4

blood specimen advantages

Answer 4

Give most correlation between drug level and dosing

More commonly used for clinical and emergency toxicology

Question 5

blood specimen disadvantages

Answer 5

Invasive

Clinical environments required for collection

Blood drug is low and short lived

Analysis requires pre separation therefore time consuming and expensive

Question 6

urine specimen advantages

Answer 6

Easy to collect

Not invasive

Large specimen volume (able to separate to two part)

High drug concentration

Specimen stable

Less infections risk

Question 7

urine specimen disadvantages

Answer 7

Collection control

• Adulteration and substitution
• Specimen dilution
• More difficult to correlate urine drug/metabolite with likely dosing

Question 8

urine specimen analysis

Answer 8

Wide variety of immunoassay available

High concentration of drug or metabolites resulting in available of non-instrumental tests

Question 9

oral fluid specimens and issues

Answer 9

Oral fluid collected contains saliva and other things but it is commonly referred to as saliva

Useful for wide variety of analytes
- Steroids, hormones, enzymes, antibodies, therapeutic and abusive drugs)

Easy to collect under different conditions with minimal chance of tempering the samples
- No concerns about privacy and gender

Can be tested on-site

Small specimen volume

Detectable period shorter compared to other specimen and insensitive to some drug e.g. cannabis