heroin manufacture Flashcards
what are the 7 impurities resulting from manufacture and their sources
acetyl codeine
- codeine acetylation
3-MAM
- incomplete acetylation of morphine
6-MAM
- heroin hydrolysis / incomplete acetylation
codeine
- opium
noscapine
- opium
morphine
- incomplete acetylation
papaverine
- opium
what are 7 impurities/pharmaceuticals added deliberately and their diluents
phenobaritone
-calcium carbonate
diazepam
- calcium chloride
benzocaine
- glucose / lactose / mannitol
caffeine
- sucrose
aspirin
- starch
paracetamol
- various nasties
lidocaine
what are adulterants
materials added to hide the lack of the desired drug or add another type of effect to the drug mixture, such as caffeine, lidocaine
what are diluents
bulking agents such as starch, talc
what are impurities
by-products from the synthesis extraction process
MDA, MDEA, amphetamine are the common impurities in MDMA.
sometimes called anything other than the desired product
what is methadone
synthetic opioid
a narcotic and addicting drug
used to treat heroin addiction
cheap, quality control, can be monitored by doctor
what id the difference between opioids and opiates
opiates come from nature, such as morphine.
opioid substances bind to opioid receptors
what are organic compounds
contain C,H,O,N
water insoluble
what are inorganic compounds
mainly referring salts, inorganic salts, NaCl or organic salts
water soluble
extraction or morphine
dissolve the dried black tar-like material in dilute sulphuric acid solution, filter off any insoluble material (make morphine form salt and become water soluble)
add ammonium hydroxide, when pH reaches 8-9 precipitated out - morphine (change morphine salt back to morphine, become water insoluble)
collect crude morphine by filtration
morphine is extracted using two principles
morphine is basic can form salt with strong acids
this salt can react with strong bases to give back morphine as a water insoluble compound
codeine extraction
obtain quantity of tablets and grind to fine powder
suspend the codeine powder to some hot water, approx 40ml/20 tablets
cool the suspension in a cold bath until inside temperature of the solution is about 15 degrees
filter the solution
purifying street heroin
Weight out one gram of heroin from the stock and place it into a test tube
Add a few drops of 28% hydrochloric acid until it is evenly damp
Add 5ml distilled water and carefully shake to dissolve all that will dissolve into the water
Allow the insoluble to settle. Pipette the liquid to a fresh test tube leaving the solids behind.
Add to the solution drop-wise ammonium hydroxide until the white precipitate ceases production
• The milky solution was added to a beaker containing 30ml diethyl ether. Stir briskly allowing the water to settle on the bottom which was removed and disposed of.
The diethyl ether layer allowed to evaporate to dryness give the heroin base
Scrape off the residue and weigh it. Yield from one gram of smack would be anything from 100 to 300mg
marquis reagent
presumptive test for heroin
positive opiates is blue to violet on a colourless background
colbalt isothiocyanate (scott reagent)
presumptive test for heroin
positive heroin is blue on a pink background
tropane alkaloids and some benzodiazepines also positive
