Chemistry and drugs revision

Question 1

14 common functional groups

Answer 1

Alcohol
Phenol
Aromatic benzene
Alkene
Primary aliphatic amine
Secondary aliphatic amine
Aromatic amine
Ether
Ester
Amide
Carboxylic acid
Cyclohexane ring
Cyclopentane ring
Pyridine ring

Question 2

name 3 polar solvents

Answer 2

H2O
methanol
ethanol

Question 3

why are solvents beyond ethanol not polar

Answer 3

alkyl chain is longer so OH group further away

Question 4

intermediate polarity solvents

Answer 4

Ethyl acetate
Diethyl ether (ether)
Dichloromethane (DCM)
Acetone
Acetonitrile
Triethylamine

Question 5

non polar solvents

Answer 5

hexane

petroleum ether

Question 6

name 5 organic solvents which are not miscible with water and lighter than wattle

Answer 6

Ethyl acetate
Diethyl ether (ether)
Dichloromethane (DCM) (heavier than water)
Hexane
Petroleum ether

Question 7

name 4 solvents that are miscible with water

Answer 7

methanol
ethanol
acetone
acetonitrile

Question 8

normal phase TLC

Answer 8

Stationary phase is more polar than mobile phase

Less polar molecule move faster (higher Rf value)

If Rf value is too high needs to reduce the mobile phase’s polarity

If Rf value is too low needs to increase the mobile phase’s polarity

Question 9

reverse phase HPLC

Answer 9

Stationary phase is less polar than mobile phase

More polar molecule move faster (shorter retention time )

Question 10

metabolism of stable drug versus less stable drug

Answer 10

Amide more stable than esters
Lidocaine versus procaine
- Main difference: amide versus ester
- Deactivation: metabolic hydrolysis of both groups
- Less stable drug shorter action time (metabolised faster)
- More stable drug longer action time