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drugs of abuse > introduction - Gemma > Flashcards

introduction - Gemma Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of a drug

A

A medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body

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2
Q

what is the definition of substance abuse

A

The continued misuse of any min-altering substance that severely affects a person’s physical and mental health, social situation and responsibilities

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3
Q

what are the 4 types of drug?

A

natural
semi-synthetic
synthetic
medically manufactured

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4
Q

what are natural drugs

A

Can be found naturally in certain plants/fungal species

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5
Q

what are semi-synthetic drugs

A

Starts off from a natural source but is then chemically altered or extracted

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6
Q

what are synthetic drugs

A

Manufactured in a lab from chemicals

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7
Q

what are medically diverted drugs

A

Come from legitimate sources but end up being sold on the illicit drug market

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8
Q

what are the 5 functional classifications of drugs

A 
opiates
depressants
tranquillizers
stimulants
hallucinogens
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9
Q

give two examples of opiates

A

heroin

morphine

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10
Q

give two examples of depressants

A

alcohol

barbiturates

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11
Q

give an example of a tranquilliser

A

diazepam

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12
Q

give three examples of stimulants

A

cocaine
ecstasy
amphetamines

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13
Q

give two examples of hallucinogens

A

magic mushrooms

LSD

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14
Q

The Pharmacy Act 1868

A

first regulation put in place which restricted Opium sales to the pharmacist

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15
Q

history of drug legislation

A

The Pharmacy Act 1868

the Poisons and Pharmacy Act of 1908

In 1912 Britain was a signatory of the International Opium Convention in the Hague

Defence of the Realm Act 1914, Regulation 40B added in 1916

The Dangerous Drug Act of 1920

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16
Q

amendments to the dangerous drugs act 1925-1964

A

add cannabis and amphetamines

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17
Q

amendments to the dangerous drugs act 1967

A

restricted the prescribing of heroin for treatment of addiction to doctors licenced by the Home Office

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18
Q

misuse of drugs act 1971

A

Primary legislation for the UK, came fully into effect in 1973

Act established the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs

Prevents the misuse of controlled drugs

Imposes a complete ban on the possession, supply, manufacture, import and export of controlled drugs

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19
Q

what is the misuse of drugs act classification

A

3 tier system of classification which provides a framework within which criminal penalties are set with reference to the harm a drug has or is capable of having when misused and the type of illegal activity undertaken with regard to that drug

20
Q

give 6 examples of Class A drugs

A 
heroin
cocaine
crack cocaine
ecstacy 
methamphetamine
LSD
21
Q

give 3 examples of Class B drugs

A

amphetamines
cannabis
ketamine

22
Q

give 3 examples of class C drugs

A

GHB
tranquillisers
anabolic steroids

23
Q

changes to drugs classes

A

The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs – review and give advice to the government

2004 Cannabis moved from Class B to Class C, moved back to Class B in 2009

2006 Ketamine Class C, moved to Class B in 2014

2007 Methamphetamine moved from Class B to Class A

24
Q

misuse of drugs regulation 2001

A

Concerned with the therapeutic use of drugs

Regulates the availability of controlled drugs by placing them in 1 of 5 schedules

The schedule into which a drug is placed primarily dictates the extent to which it is lawful to import, export, produce, supply, administer and possess the drug

Imposes requirements around prescription writing, record keeping, labelling and safe custody

25
Q

misuse of drugs regulation schedule 1

A

not authorised for medical use, can only be supplied, possessed or administered in exceptional circumstances under a special Home Office Licence e.g. LSD

26
Q

misuse of drugs regulation schedule 2

A

can be prescribed, legally possessed and supplied by a pharmacist or doctor. Possession is lawful by anyone with a prescription. Registers must be maintained in relation to the drugs acquisition and use e.g. amphetamines, methadone

27
Q

misuse of drugs regulation schedule 3

A

drugs are subjected to the same prescription requirements as Schedule 2, but without the requirement to maintain registers e.g. barbiturates

28
Q

misuse of drugs regulation schedule 4i

A

drugs in this schedule can be lawfully possessed under prescription e.g. minor tranquilisers

29
Q

misuse of drugs regulation schedule 4ii

A

drugs in this schedule can be possessed as long as they are clearly for personal use e.g. steroids

30
Q

misuse of drugs regulation schedule 5

A

drugs in this schedule are usually low strength and can be sold over the counter, legally possessed without a prescription e.g. cough medicine that contains codeine

31
Q

name 4 non-controlled substances

A

alcohol
solvents
cigarettes
amyl nitrates (poppers)

32
Q

what are legal highs

A

Psychoactive substances which were designed to replicate the effects of illegal substances whilst remaining legal

33
Q

wha is a psychoactive substance

A

any substance which is capable of producing a psychoactive affect in a person who consumes it

34
Q

how does a substance produce a psychoactive effect

A

by stimulating or depressing the persons central nervous system, it affects the persons mental functioning or emotional state

35
Q

temporary class drugs orders

A

On 15th November 2011, The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 was amended

Enables the Home Secretary to place a new psychoactive substance causing sufficient concern about its potential harms under temporary control by invoking a temporary class drug order

Orders come into immediate effect and last for 12 months

Once a substance becomes a temporary class drug, it is illegal to import, export, produce or supply it

Possession of a temporary class drug is not an offence

36
Q

when did the psychoactive substance act come into force

A

26th may 2016

37
Q

what is the psychoactive substance act

A

Makes it an offence to produce, supply, offer to supply, possess with intent to supply, possess on custodial premises, import or export psychoactive substances

Covers any substance intended for human consumption that is capable of producing a psychoactive effect

38
Q

what is the maximum sentence for the psychoactive substances act

A

7 years

39
Q

what does the psychoactive substances act exclude

A

legitimate substances, such as food, alcohol, tobacco, nicotine, caffeine and medical products, as well as controlled drugs, which continue to be regulated by the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971

40
Q

what are the 4 aims of the psychoactive substances act

A

To put an end to the open sale in stores and online in order to protect people from the risks posed by the untested, unknown potentially harmful drugs

To put an end to the ‘cat and mouse’ game where new drugs with slight differences in chemical make-up appear

To reduce the number of people using the substances

To reduce the various health and social harms associated with psychoactive substances such as hospital admissions, deaths and violence

41
Q

give an example of a legal high

A

spice

42
Q

what is spice

A

generic term used for hundreds of synthetic versions of cannabis - herbal mixtures mixed with Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists (SCRAs)

43
Q

what are SCRAs

A

have an effect on many of the body’s cells, not just the brain

44
Q

spice price

A

spice solution costing a few pounds can be soaked into a single A4 sheet of paper, when dry it can be cut into 100 units which sell for around £5 each

45
Q

4 problems with spice

A

Lack of quality control – the amount of synthetic cannabinoid in each unit is not known

Little if any safety data – long term effects of use are unknown

Many are much more potent than traditional cannabis, some up to 100x more

Some cannot be detected by current testing procedures – possibly why use is high in prison

drugs of abuse (11 decks)

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