Test Ch 15 & 17 Flashcards
Where does the spleen lie in reference to the diaphragm?
The spleen lies between the left hemidiaphragm. The diaphragm can be seen located close to the proximal superolateral surface of the spleen. Posteriorly the diaphragm, left pleura, left lung and ribs are in contact with the spleen
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What region is the spleen located?
Left Hypochondrium
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The spleen lies posterior to what?
Posteriorly, the diaphragm, left pleura, left lung and ribs are in contact with the spleen
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What is the normal width of the spleen?
7 cm
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Lymph nodes emerge from the splenic hilum and course around what vessel?
Splenic Artery
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Why might you get splenomegaly? (what doesn’t belong)
Mild/Moderate: Infection, Portal Hypertension or AIDS. Moderate: Leukemia, Lymphoma, or Infectious Mononucleosis.
Massive: Myelofibrosis
Splenomegaly with Focal Lesions: Lymphomatous Involvement, Metastatic Disease or Hematomas.
Also Collagen-Vascular Disease, Congestion, Extramedullary Hematopoiesis, Hemolytic Anemia, Infection, Neoplasm, Storage Disease or Trauma.
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What is an abnormal decrease in platelets?
Thrombocytopenia
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What is the normal sonographic appearance of the spleen?
Homogenous with low level echoes. Similar to liver but more echogenic
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How does the spleen generally appear in the early stages of sickle cell anemia?
Enlarged with marked congestion of red pulp
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What are the functions of the spleen?
Fights Infections Produces lymphocytes & plasma cells Produces RBC's and antibodies Stores iron and metabolites Hematopoiesis p.427
What is the most common reason for splenic infarction?
Emboli that arise from the heart, produced from mural thrombi or from vegetation on the values of the left side of the heart
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The spleen is variable in size and shape, what doesn’t belong?
Shapes: -ovoid with smooth, even borders and a convex superior and concave inferior surface is normal -orange segment -tetrahedral -triangular Size: -8 to 13 cm in length -7cm in width -3 to 4 cm in thickness -decreases slightly in size with age -may depend on nutritional status of the body p.424
Where is the accessory spleen typically located?
At the hilum or inferior border
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Where does the splenic vein course along?
Posteromedial border of the pancreas
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What are some causes of splenic rupture other than trauma?
cavernous hemangioma
What is a primary tumor that metastases to the spleen?
Breast, lung, ovary, stomach, colon, kidney, prostate
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What is the best position to image spleen?
Measured: Longitudinal, from the upper margin to inferior margin at the long axis
Best position to image spleen: Steep right decubitus
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What are the others areas that should be examined when evaluating splenic rupture? (what doesn’t belong)
4 quadrants: Morison's pouch Subdiaphragmatic areas Liver and splenic capsule Bladder and anterior rectal area p.436
When sonographic signs are present in a patient with histoplasmosis, what might you see?
Calcifications
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What is a spleen that has migrated from its original location?
Wandering Spleen
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What is the major function of the spleen?
To filter the peripheral blood, active in the body’s defense against disease
What size does the spleen exceed when it is considered splenomegaly?
13 cm
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Atrophy of the spleen occurs with which of the following?
Normal individuals, Wasting disease, Chronic Hemolytic Anemias, particularly Sickle Cell
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