ABD II Test Interventional, Breast, & Pediatrics Flashcards
What is the primary advantage of using ultrasound in procedures?
To have continuous real-time visualization of the biopsy needle, allowing for adjustment of the needle as needed
pg. 495
What is PTT?
Partial Thromboplastin Time
- Can be used to evaluate effects of heparin, aspirin, and anti-histamines on the blood-clotting process.
- Evaluates factors found in intrinsic and common pathways
- Normal values typically between 60 and 70 seconds
pg. 497
What is PT?
Prothrombin Time
- Used to evaluate factors found in extrinsic pathway, which may be affected by patients on Coumadin
- Normal values typically between 10 and 13 seconds
pg. 497
What is INR?
International Normalized Ratio
- a method developed to standardize PT results among laboratories by accounting for the different thromboplastin reagents used to determine PT
pg. 497
What is included in a time out?
Correct name, birth date, doctor, site, procedure,sterile field, and proper hand washing
What are some post biopsy complications?
Post-procedural pain/discomfort
Vasovagal reactions- profuse sweating, complaining of feeling faint/lightheaded, and nausea
Hematomas
Serious but rare complications- bleeding, hemorrhage, pneumothorax, pancreatitis, biliary leakage, peritonitits, infection and possibly death
pg. 503-504
What gage size of needle is used for a thyroid?
25
During a biopsy, a spring loaded gun is used to get a ___ sample.
Core
pg. 498
Before a procedure, what do you need to do to be ready?
Before a procedure you need to have a preprocedure picture with pt name and birth date. Also mark the area where the needle needs to be guided in. (Also have consents signed, proper supply’s for doctor, go over med list with pt, and proper hand washing)
What is the most common organ biopsied?
The liver??
pg. 517
What is a specific complication of a renal biopsy?
Perinephric hematoma and hematuria
pg. 519
How is the patient positioned for a thoracentesis?
Pt sits on the side of the bed and is leaning on a bedside table with pillow for comfort. This opens up the space between the ribs to be able to get the needle in to drain the fluid.
What are the 3 layers of the breast?
- Subcutaneous layer- usually quite thin and consist of fat surrounded by connective tissue septa
- Mammary (glandular) layer- includes the functional portion of the breast and the surrounding supportive (stromal) tissue
- Retromammary layer- same as subcutaneous layer
All three of these layers are located between the skin and the pectoralis major muscle on the anterior of the chest wall.
pg. 550
What are structures in the breast, called the fibrous skeleton, that help maintain the shape made up of?
Cooper’s ligaments
pg. 551
As a woman ages, glandular tissue in the breast is replaced by ___.
Fatty tissue
pg. 553
What are the characteristics of Cooper’s ligaments?
Sonographic characteristics are echogenic and are dispersed in a linear pattern. Best identified when beam strikes the ligaments at a perpendicular angle.
pg 552