Test 6 (Final Exam) Flashcards
the proportional distribution of congressional seats among the states
apportionment
the secret ballot
Australian ballot
a proposed new law
bill
powers given explicitly to Congress by the constitution
expressed powers
according to Charles Shuman, the price of socialism
freedom
the characteristics and traditions that have been handed down by our ancestors
heritage
the power to veto part of a bill without rejecting an entire bill
item veto
the armed citizenry
militia
the process whereby a person changes citizenship from one country to another
naturalization
gives Congress the authority to put into operation both the expressed and implied powers
“necessary and proper” clause
the highest number of votes won, but less than a majority
plurality
past decisions involving similar court cases
precedents
an election in which voters approve or reject a proposed amendment
referendum
presidential rejection of a bill
veto
a love for one’s country and a loyalty to that country
patriotism
Romans 14:34
Righteousness exalted a nation; but sin is a reproach to any people.
What verse promises success and prosperity to the person who meditates upon and obeys God’s word?
Joshua 1:8
What is the first foundational civil ordinance?
capital punishment
a private meeting of political party members to decide on policy or to choose candidates
caucus
What kind of commands by the President have the force of law?
executive orders
a large, complex organization made up of appointed officials
bureaucracy
Who wrote the “Star Spangled Banner”?
Francis Scott Key
In what form of government does the ruler exercise unlimited authority and usually inherits his position?
absolute monarchy
In what form of government does the ruler maintain absolute control of all aspects of society through coercion and subjection of the individual to the state?
totalitarian dictatorship
What term means a crime so serious that it is punishable by death?
capital crime
Name three primary roles of the President.
commander in chief, chief legislator, chief of state
Who was responsible for the final draft of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
America’s first national constitution
Articles of Confederation
chairman of the Constitutional Convention
George Washington
members of Parliament who supported the American colonists
William Pitt the Elder, Edmund Burke
wrote the final draft of the U.S. Constitution
Gouverneur Morris
presides over the Senate when the Vice President is absent?
president pro tempore or president pro term
placed the king under the law for the first time in English history
Magna Carta
formulated the basic ideas of Communism
Karl Marx
laid the foundation for the right to trial by jury
Henry II
“Father of the Constitution”?
James Madison
government system in which the central government is subordinate to the states
confederacy
the forerunner to the written constitution in America
Mayflower Compact
strictly limited the power of the English monarch after 1689
English Bill of Rights
Supreme Court case that asserted the right of judicial review
Marbury v. Madison
the chief justice who ruled in the Marbury v. Madison case
John Marshall
describes a statement of an individual citizen’s legal privileges
bill of rights
refers to an instance in which the Supreme Court goes beyond the Constitution to change societal behavior by interpreting the Constitution to mean what the justices want it to mean
judicial activism
the most active level of the federal judiciary courts
District courts
a brief that is filed by individuals who are not parties in a particular case but still have an interest in the case’s outcome
amicus curiae
the Chief Justice under whom the Supreme Court adopted the philosophy of judicial activism
Earl Warren
when the Supreme Court interprets and applies the Constitution according to the original understanding of how who wrote and ratified it
judicial restraint
monies the national government gives to state or local governments for some designated purpose
federal grant
the most common type of county board
board of commissioners
refers to the right of the Supreme Court to declare a law, or action based upon that law, unconstitutional
judicial review
the only state to have a unicameral legislature
Nebraska
refers to the division of power among the governments within a nation
federalism
The Supreme Court’s ruling int his case gave a broader interpretation of Congress’ power to regulate commerce
Gibbons v. Ogden
when a federal law supersedes or overrides a similar state law
preemption
The Supreme Court case that established the doctrine of implied powers
McCulloch v. Maryland
the state office that can be compared to that of Vice President
lieutenant government
generally a court of last resort within a state
state Supreme Court
established legislative branch
Article I
established executive branch
Article II
established judicial branch
Article III
outlines the relationship among the states and between the national government and the states
Article IV
establishes the process for amending the Constitution
Article V
declares the Constitution to be the “supreme law of the land”
Article VI
guarantees the right to keep and bear arms
Amendment 2
protects against unreasonable and unlawful searches without a warrant
Amendment 4
guarantees a “speedy and public trial” in criminal cases
Amendment 6
forbids cruel and unusual punishments
Amendment 8
reserves powers not delegated to the national government for the states and the people
Amendment 10
provided for a federal income tax
Amendment 16
provided for the direct election of senators
Amendment 17
prohibited the production, sale, or transport of alcoholic beverages
Amendment 18
grants women the right to vote
Amendment 19
the largest unit of local government in most states
county
What Supreme Court case opened the door for federal court regulation of state apportionment?
Baker v. Carr
refers to the rules that govern the use of money granted to the states by the national government
mandates
What does the first Amendment guarantee?
freedom of the press; freedom of the assembly; freedom of speech
represents a special interest group before a political body
lobbyist
refers to a system where able-bodied men are required to join a particular branch of the nation’s armed forces for a certain period of time
conscription
process by which voters propose an amendment to a state constitution
initiative
single most important source of revenue for state governments today
sales tax
describes a person’s allegiance to a country or full membership and participation in its political and social institutions
citizenship
local voicing district that also serves as the basic unit of American political party organization
precinct
primary election in which a voter must register with a party and vote only for candidates in that party
closed primary
oldest, most widely used form of city government
mayor-council form
chief source of income for local governments
property tax
