Chapter 3

Question 1

non-codified form of law based on long-accepted customs and traditions

Answer 1

common law

Question 2

a trial in which a man is judged guilty or not guilty by a group of his peers

Answer 2

trial by jury

Question 3

a body of England’s representative government

Answer 3

Parliament

Question 4

signed by King John on June 15, 1215; marked the first time in English history that the king was under the law of the land

Answer 4

Magna Carta

Question 5

signed in 1689; strictly limited the monarch’s power

Answer 5

English Bill of Rights

Question 6

the document in which the Pilgrims made a covenant under God to establish a “civil body politick”

Answer 6

Mayflower Compact

Question 7

documents issued by the Crown which established the relationship between the king and his subjects in the colonies

Answer 7

charters

Question 8

attempts to conform the civil law to Biblical law

Answer 8

Massachusetts Body of Liberties, the New Haven Colony Laws

Question 9

a law above the law; universal principles of right and justice

Answer 9

higher law

Question 10

consisting of one house

Answer 10

unicameral

Question 11

consisting of two houses

Answer 11

bicameral

Question 12

gathering where local citizens assembled periodically to become the chief lawmaking body for their town

Answer 12

town meeting

Question 13

local unit of government in souther colonies

Answer 13

county

Question 14

the spiritual revival which swept the American colonies between 1730 and 1760

Answer 14

Great Awakening

Question 15

the idea that the church and the government should be separate institutions

Answer 15

separation of church and state

Question 16

Benjamin Franklin’s plan for uniting the colonies

Answer 16

Albany Plan

Question 17

issued in October 1765 by the Stamp Act Congress, protesting the stamp act and other British regulations

Answer 17

Declaration of Rights and Grievances

Question 18

a series of laws passed in 1774 to punish the colonists of Boston for resistance to British regulations

Answer 18

“Intolerable Acts”

Question 19

enacted December 1775; cut of all trade between the colonies and England and officially removed the colonies from the “King’s Protection”

Answer 19

Prohibitory Act

Question 20

unanimously adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776; declared the American colonies independent from England

Answer 20

Declaration of Independence

Question 21

the two houses of British Parliament; became the model for the colonial legislatures in America and for the U.S. Congress

Answer 21

House of Lords, House of Commons

Question 22

the first representative assembly in then colonies

Answer 22

House of Burgesses

Question 23

met to discuss the Parliament’s requirement to purchase and affix stamps on documents; concluded that they were under the authority of only the king, not under Parliament because they were not represented in it

Answer 23

Stamp Act Congress

Question 24

pledged the loyalty of the colonists to the Crown but protested Parliamentary interference with American Rights

Answer 24

First Continental Congress

Question 25

convened in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, and began to assume political power by supporting an army, appointing George Washington as commander in chief, and issuing mooney; America’s first central government

Answer 25

Second Continental Congress

Question 26

wrote Commentaries on the Laws of England

Answer 26

William Blackstone

Question 27

preachers used by God to bring revival to the American colonies during the Great Awakening

Answer 27

Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield

Question 28

became king of England in 1760; determined to restore the power of the monarchy

Answer 28

George III

Question 29

English Parliamentarians who were the allies of Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and George Washington

Answer 29

William Pitt the Elder, Edmund Burke

Question 30

presented to the Second Continental Congress a resolution for independence on June 7, 1776

Answer 30

Richard Henry Lee

Question 31

first commander in chief for the colonial army

Answer 31

George Washington

Question 32

convened the Model Parliament in 1295

Answer 32

Edward I

Question 33

primarily responsible for drafting the Declaration of Independence

Answer 33

Thomas Jefferson

Question 34

English nobleman who began representative government by calling together representatives for the first meeting of parliament

Answer 34

Simon de Montfort

Question 35

laid the foundation for the right to trial by jury in England’s royal courts

Answer 35

Henry II

Question 36

forced to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 when he tried to curtail the freedoms of the English people

Answer 36

John I

Question 37

What was the greatest influence upon the development of English law and government?

Answer 37

the Bible