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Micro > Test 6 ch.19-20 > Flashcards

Test 6 ch.19-20 Flashcards

1
Q

diseases caused by streptococcus pyogenes?

A

Tonsillitis
Strep throat
Scarlet Fever
Rheumatic Fever
Rheumatic heart disease

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2
Q

Signs/Symptoms of tonsillitis

A

swollen tonsils with white exudate

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3
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Strep throat

A

sore throat

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4
Q

Signs/Symptoms of scarlet fever

A

strawberry tongue/ maculopapular rash

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5
Q

Signs/Symptoms of rheumatic fever

A

joint/muscle inflammation

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6
Q

Signs/Symptoms of rheumatic heart disease

A

valve damage and endocartitis

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7
Q

Group a strep =

A

streptococcus pyogenes

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8
Q

treatment for streptococcus pyogenes?

A

penicillin, no vaccine

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9
Q

stain for streptococcus pyogenes

A

gram-positive, chains of balls

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10
Q

streptococcus an alpha, beta, or gamma

A

betta

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11
Q

is streptococcus resistant, sensitive, or intermediate?

A

Bacitracin- sensitive

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12
Q

the strangler

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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13
Q

the strangler causes what kind of disease?

A

Diptheria

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14
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Diphtheria

A
  • suffocation, nerve destruction
  • exotoxins prevents ribosomal translation which causes cell death
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15
Q

vaccine and treatment for corynebacterium diphtheriae

A
  • Dtap
  • antitoxin with penicillin
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16
Q

diseases of streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Otitis Media
Bronchitis (secondary)
Typical pneumonia
meningitis

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17
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Otitis Media

A

ear pain, fluid build up behind the eardrum

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18
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Bronchitis

A

vomiting from mucus, more symptoms from primary infection

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19
Q

Signs/Symptoms of typical pneumonia

A

productive cough, chest pain, and fever

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20
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Meningitis

A

painful stiff neck, photophobia, fever

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21
Q

Vaccine and treatment for streptococcus pneumoniae

A
  • Prevnar/ Pneumovax
  • antibiotics
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22
Q

Rhinoviruses causes

A

common cold

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23
Q

signs/symptoms of rhinovirus

A

productive cough, runny nose, post-nasal drip, congestion, headache, sore throat

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24
Q

vaccine and treatment for rhinovirus?

A

No vaccine
treatment = symptom relief

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25
Q

Adenoviruses causes

A

common cold- runny nose, congestion, headache
viral conjunctivitis- inclusion bodies

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26
Q

Influenza virus causes and signs

A

Influenza- dry cough, body aches, chills, extreme fatigue

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27
Q

treatment and vaccine for influenza?

A

Seasonal flu vaccine
treatment - antiviral medications

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28
Q

disease caused by Bordetella pertusis?

A

Pertussis/ Dtap vaccine

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29
Q

signs and symptoms of pertussis

A

-catarrhal stage: runny nose
-paroxysmal stage: severe cough
-recovery phase: susceptibility to other respiratory infections
- pertussis exotoxins paralyzes ciliated cells in the resp tract

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30
Q

respiratory syncytial virus causes what disease and what are the signs/symptoms

A
  • Respiratory Syncytial disease
  • syncytia from the fusion of infected bronchiolar and alveolar tissue
  • syncytial cells die and leave behind holes which causes fluid influx
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31
Q

what causes tuberculosis and what are the signs/symptoms

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- violent bloody cough, chest pain, greenish/bloody sputum, fatigue, low-grade fever, anorexia, night sweats
- granulomas on chest x-rays
- consumption: increased pain during rest, eating, and drinking causes “wasting”

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32
Q

Atypical pneumonia

A

symptoms are more systemic and do not resemble those of pneumoccal or other severe pneumonias

33
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

primary atypical
cough, fever, headache, and muscle pain (no chest pain)

34
Q

Blastomyces dermatitis

A

fungal exanthem, lung lesions, persistent cough, chest pains

35
Q

how is mycoplasma pneumoniae diagnosed and treated?

A

-diagnosed through genotypic methods PCR, ELISA, or selective agar
- broad-spectrum antibiotics

36
Q

why is penicillin not used to treat atypical pneumoniae?

A

there is no cell wall

37
Q

bacteria causing otitis media?

A

streptococcus pneumoniae

38
Q

bacteria causing otis externa

A

staphylococcus aureus

39
Q

organism causing pertussis

A

bordetella pertussis

40
Q

3 stages of pertussis and their symptoms

A
  1. catarrhal stage: runny nose, 1-2 weeks, very contagious
  2. paroxysmal stage: 1-6 weeks but could be 10 week long, severe cough/gasping “100 day cough”
  3. convalescent stage (recovery): decrease in cough over 2-3 weeks, increased risk to respiration infection if 2nd infection occurs
41
Q

effects of pertussis toxin to the respiratory tract

A

paralyzes the ciliated cells, unable to move mucus causing pneumonia

42
Q

how to test for tuberculosis

A

acid fast stain or granulomas in chest x-ray

43
Q

Antigenic drift in influenza virus

A

mutation of spike proteins, seasonal flu strains

44
Q

antigenic shift

A

exchange of RNA between different viruses (recombination), pandemic flu subtypes, only type A because it also circulates in animals (zoonotic)

45
Q

H-spike virulence

A

helps the virion attach and penetrate host cells

46
Q

N-spike virulence

A

helps release virions from the host cell after replication and assembly

47
Q

what is RSV and what does it infect

A

-Respiratory Syncytial virus
- infects bronchioles and alveoli which causes cells to fuse together into one multi-nucleated giant cell called syncytia

48
Q

what happens in a blastomycosis infection?

A

caused by inhalation of fungal spores from Blastomyces dermatitidis causing lung lesions and chest pain, may spread to skin and bones

49
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decay due to streptococcus mutan, S. sorbrinus, and scardovia wiggisae

50
Q

SS of dental carries

A

bacteria forms a biofilm (plaque) that breaks down enamel forming holes in teeth

51
Q

Salmonellosis caused by

A

salmonella enterica

52
Q

SS and treatment of salmonellosis

A

-nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea
-rehydration and antibiotics

53
Q

cause of typhoid fever?

A

salmonella typhi
transmitted by the 5F’s, flies, food, fingers, feces, and fomites

54
Q

SS and treatment for typhoid fever

A

-high fever, severe diarrhea, may produce rose spots on trunk
-rehydration/antibiotics

55
Q

shigellosis caused by

A

shigella sonnei/ shigella dysenteraie
shiga toxins is the virulence

56
Q

SS and treatment for shigellosis

A

bloody diarrhea, no vaccine, rehydrate

57
Q

Escherichia coli causes

A

bloody diarrhea, fever, 10% leads to HUS- hemolytic uremic syndrome, causing kidney failure/damage, and anemia

58
Q

Campylobacteriosis caused by

A

campylobacter jejuni

59
Q

SS of camplylobacteriosis

A

long-lasting watery diarrhea and severe abdominal pain

60
Q

Cause of pseudomembranous colitis

A

C. diff

61
Q

SS of C. diff

A

slimy, green diarrhea with distinct cent, toxins causes necrosis throughout the colon, usually due to antibiotics killing normal flora in intestines allowing bacteria to grow

62
Q

Causes of Cholera

A

Vibrio cholerae

63
Q

SS of cholera

A

rice water stool, extreme fluid loss

64
Q

causes of winter diarrhea

A

Rotavirus

65
Q

SS of rotavirus and treatment

A

-severe and deadly in babies, diarrhea and dehydration
- rotarix vaccine and rehydration

66
Q

Causes of summer diarrhea

A

Norovirus, usually transmitted on cruises, highly contagious, fecal oral route

67
Q

causes of food poisoning

A

staphylococcus aureus

68
Q

SS and treatment of food poisoning

A

severe nausea and vomiting
no vaccine, rehydrate

69
Q

Causes of gastric ulcers

A

Helicobacter pylori

70
Q

SS and treatment for gastric ulcers

A

-sharp, burning pain from abdomin may have bloody stool and vomiting
- antacids and antibiotics

71
Q

Hep A and E

A

transmitted fecal/oral through gastrointestinal tract
both are acute inflammatory liver diseases
Hep A has vaccine
Hep is opportunistic

72
Q

Hep B

A

-blood borne
- HBV vaccine
- may cause liver cancer with hep D

73
Q

Hep C

A

-blood borne
- primary reason for liver transplant in U.S.
- may cause liver cancer with Hep G
- no vaccine

74
Q

Hep D and G

A

-bloodborne
- “piggy back” viruses can cannot survive without the other hep viruses
- Hep B/D
- Hep C/G

75
Q

Beef tapeworm disease cause/symptom

A

Taenia saginata
intestine obstruction and mild diarrhea

76
Q

Pork tapeworm disease cause/symptom

A

Taenia solium
intestine obstruction and mild diarrhea

77
Q

HEP is treated with

A

interferon

78
Q

Tapeworm disease treated with

A

anthelmintics

Micro (10 decks)

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