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Ch.16 Flashcards

infectious disease infecting skin and eyes (51 cards)

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1
Q

maculopapular

A

flat slightly raised colored bump

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2
Q

4 types of maculopapular rash

A
  1. Measels (rubeola)
  2. Rubella (german measles)
  3. Roseola
  4. Scarlet fever
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3
Q

Causative agent for Measels

A

Measels virus

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4
Q

Causative agent for Rubella

A

Rubella virus

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5
Q

Causative agent for Roseolla

A

HHV-6
human herpes virus

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6
Q

Causative agent for scarlet fever

A

streptococcus pyogenes

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7
Q

transmission of the maculopapular rash

A

Measels- respiratory droplets
Rubella- respiratory droplets and contact
Roseola- contact with respiratory secretions/saliva
Scarlet fever- respiratory infection with streptococcus pyogenes (pharyngitis)

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8
Q

Signs/symptoms of Measels

A

Koplik spot- red patches with white grain-like centers on the gum line
- rash begins at the hairline, spreading to the face, trunk, then extremities
- lymphadenitis
- conjunctivitis

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9
Q

what rarely causes pan-encephalitis?

A

Measels

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10
Q

does measles have a vaccine? what is it called?

A

-Yes
-MMR- measels, mumps, rubella inoculation

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11
Q

culture/diagnosis for measles

A

ELISA test for IgM to measels antigen

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12
Q

prevention for measels

A

MMR vaccine protection up to 20 yrs
- healthy children aged 12-15 months, with booster before entering school

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13
Q

German Measles

A

rubella

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14
Q

symptoms of rubella

A

-occasional fever and pale-pink maculopapular rash
- relapses can occur

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15
Q

What is congenital rubella

A

when the fetus is infected through the placenta

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16
Q

fetus infected with congenital rubella can have problems with?

A

eyes, ears, and heart

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17
Q

is there a vaccine to rubella?

A
  • not for congenital rubella - everyone else can get the MMR vaccine, children 12-15 months, booster at 4-6
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18
Q

“sixth disease”

A

Roseola

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19
Q

signs/symptoms of Roseola

A
  • maculopapular rash
  • high fever 105 lasting 3 days
  • 4th day fever disapears and rash may appear on chest, trunk, less on face and limbs
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20
Q

Roseola most likely to infect?

A

-infants
-bone marrow transplant recipients

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21
Q

what virus is believed to be dormant and can be associated with multiple sclerosis?

22
Q

Scarlet Fever is due to what bacteria

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A

Streptococcus pyogenes

23
Q

how does Streptococcus pyogenes cause scarlet fever?

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A

contains bacteriophage carrying gene for erythrogenic exotoxin

24
Q

Staphylococcus aureus produce?

25
MRSA
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
26
SS of S. aureus
-raised, red, local lesions - pus, hot to the touch - fever is common
27
factors that transmit S. aureus
- antimicrobial use - compromised skin - contact surfaces
28
how can you test for staphylococcus aureus?
coagulase test mannittol salt agar
29
Types of vesicular or pustular rash diseases
Chicken Pox Small Pox
30
what does pox mean?
bump filled with fluid
31
What causes chicken pox?
varicella-zoster virus
32
how is chicken pox transmitted?
skin contact and respiratory droplets
33
Signs/Symptoms of chicken pox
red, itchy rash all over the body that turns into fluid-filled vesicles that break open with highly infected virus-laden fluid
34
common complication with chicken pox
bacterial skin infection
35
how long does chicken pox lasts?
4-7 days new lesions stop appearing after day 5
36
.1% of chickenpox cases are followed by?
encephalopathy
37
Another name for shingles?
herpes zoster
38
dangerous bioterrorism weapon in 2001
small pox
39
Signs/Symptoms of small pox
-pink-red macules on the face and trunk - turns into papules - then fluid-filled vesicles - becomes pustules that break open and emit puss - leaving pitted scars (pocks)
40
why can small pox be dangerous?
- it's not limited to the skin - can be malignant - can be hemorrhagic
41
What are human papillomavirus
wart resulting from a specific strain of HPV, causes genital warts and cancer
42
Molluscum contagiosum
member of the poxvirus family
43
Dermatophytosis
Fungal infection by dermatpophytes (tinea infections/ringworm)
44
How are fungal infections transmitted
-Domestic animals -famines like floors, mats, or towels
45
Symptoms of dermatophytosis
Blister like lesions with thin fluid discharge
46
How to treat fungal infections
Change the skin environment like pH
47
Conjunctivitis
Pink eye most commonly caused by S. aureus
48
Symptoms of conjunctivitis
Pain, swelling. Redness, and discharge that may cause eyes to stick together
49
Bacterial conjunctivitis signs
Milky discharge
50
Viral conjunctivitis signs
Clear, watery exudate
51
Neonatal conjunctivitis causative agent
Chlamydia trachomatis/ neisseria gonorrhoeae

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