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Micro > Exam 3 (CH.6,7,8) > Flashcards

Exam 3 (CH.6,7,8) Flashcards

1
Q

Essential nutrients CHONPS

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Phosphate
Sulfur

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2
Q

Hydrogen components

A

all organic and inorganic (salt, water, minerals)

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2
Q

Carbon components

A

all organic compounds
lipids
carbs
nucleic acid
proteins

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3
Q

Oxygen Components

A

-several organic and inorganic

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4
Q

Phosphate components

A

-Inorganic minerals (key)
-genetic makeup of cells/viruses
-energy molecule APT (terminal phosphate to phosphate bond)
-cell membrane

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5
Q

Sulfur components

A

-Inorganic minerals
-amino acids/vitamins
-shape/structure to proteins

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6
Q

Heterotrophs

A

-must obtain its carbon in an organic form
-energy source = sun
-carbon source = organic compounds

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7
Q

Autotroph

A

-not nutritionally dependent on other living things
-carbon source = CO2
-Energy source = sunlight

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8
Q

Energy source and carbon source of
Photoautotroph
Chemoorganic
Chemolitho

A

-sunlight and CO2 (for all)
-organic compounds
-minerals/inorganic compounds

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9
Q

Energy source and carbon source of
photoheterotroph
chemoheterotroph(humans)
saprobe
parasite

A

-sunlight and organic compounds (for all)
-metabolic conversion of nutrients from other organism (kill before eat)
-metabolize organic matter of dead organism
-live host

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10
Q

Endocytosis

A

cell encloses substance into its membrane

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11
Q

Phagocytosis

A

ingest whole cells or large solid matter

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12
Q

Osmosis

A

diffusion of water through selectively/differentially permeable membrane

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13
Q

Aerobes

A

likes oxygen, use gaseous oxygen to metabolize and process enzyme to process toxic oxygen

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14
Q

Anaerobes

A

lack metabolic enzyme for gaseous oxygen, will die in presence of toxic oxygen, does not like oxygen

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15
Q

Microaerophiles

A

requires small amounts of oxygen in the metabolism

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16
Q

Facultative Anaerobes

A

Does not require oxygen for metabolism but will use it if present,

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17
Q

pH balance of most bacteria cytoplasm

A

7

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18
Q

Osmophiles

A

live in habitats of high solute concentration

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19
Q

Halophiles

A

Prefer high concentration of salt

20
Q

Facultative halophiles

A

resistant to salt

21
Q

Mannitol Salt agar

A

High salt concentration, kill most species but staphylococci will survive

22
Q

how can you tell the media is S. aureus?

A

it turns yellow

23
Q

Symbiosis

A

organisms live together in close partnership

24
Q

Mutualism

A

benefits both

25
Q

Commensalism

A

one benefits the other isnt harmed

26
Q

Parasitism

A

host damage

27
Q

Barophiles

A

deep sea microbes that live in extreme pressure

28
Q

Antagonism

A

relationships are not required for survival, inhibit/destroy others

29
Q

Synergism

A

cooperate and share nutrients

30
Q

Biofilms

A

mixed community of bacteria and other microbes attached to a surface and each other

31
Q

Binary fission

A

how bacteria is produced
1. parent cell enlarges
2. duplicates it chromosomes, and splits to different sides of the cell
3. protein band is formed in center of cell
4. septum formation begins
5. once septum is complete cells are considered divided, some will separate, some remain attached

32
Q

Generation time is?

A

time it take for bacteria to double

33
Q

Lag phase

A

microbe is getting used to its environment, few live cells, lots of nutrients

34
Q

Log phase (exponnential)

A

cells are doubling, many live cells, optimal environment for growth

35
Q

Stationary phase

A

replication and death rate evens out, nutrients are depleting

36
Q

Death phase

A

bacteria dies, nutrients are depleted, create endospores

37
Q

How do we count bacteria?

A

direct count- measured microscopically
turbidity- observe cloudiness
coulter counter- electronically scan fluid as it passes through a tiny pipette
flow cytometer- measure cell size and differentiate between dead/live cells

38
Q

Enzyme

A

catalysts, increase rate of chemical reactions

39
Q

Metabolism

A

all chemical reactions and physical workings of the cell

40
Q

Anabolism

A

requires ATP, builds from smaller to larger

41
Q

Catabolism

A

Releases energy, breaks bonds from larger into smaller molecules

42
Q

Competitive Inhibition

A

inhibits enzyme activation by “mimic” substrate preventing binding

43
Q

Noncompetitive inhibitation

A

product binds to regulatory site, alters active site

44
Q

Enzyme repression

A

not synthesized due to excess substrate binding to gene

45
Q

Enzyme induction

A

enzyme synthesize only when suitable substrate are present

46
Q

oxidation

A

loss of electron

47
Q

Reduction

A

gain of electrons

48
Q
A

Micro (10 decks)

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