Test 6 Ch 20 Flashcards
- You are teaching a patient about taking over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which important safety information should you include in your teaching plan?
a. “OTC drugs will only maintain their potency months after the expiration date.”
b. “OTC drugs often interact with other drugs, and with food or alcohol.”
c. “Be sure to take all the pills in the bottle.”
d. “Adjust the dosage to your specific needs.”
ANS: B
OTC drugs often interact with other drugs, and with food or alcohol, or they might affect other existing health problems the patient has. Ask a pharmacist or the healthcare provider if you are unsure. Also, the healthcare professional must be aware of all over-the-counter drugs being taken because of the dangers of interaction.
- A patient informs you that she is buying over-the-counter (OTC) drugs online from another country because they are cheaper. What is your best response?
a. “I agree with you, it is important to save money on expensive drugs when you can.” b. “There is no difference between generic OTC drugs from different countries.”
c. “Avoid buying OTC drugs online, as they may be counterfeit or dangerous.”
d. “Only buy OTC drugs online if your insurance company covers them.”
ANS: C
Patients should avoid buying these products online, outside of well-known internet insurance company sites, because many OTC preparations sold through the internet are counterfeit products and may be dangerous.
- What information is important to include when teaching parents about giving over-the-counter (OTC) drugs to children?
a. Do not give drugs containing alcohol to children.
b. OTC drugs are safe for children younger than 2 years of age.
c. When giving OTC drugs to a child, always give one-half of the adult dose.
d. Refrain from using a child-resistant cap in the event the drug must be given quickly.
ANS: A
One of the most important considerations in reading OTC product labels is to notice the hidden chemicals (used for various purposes) in the products. Drugs containing alcohol (such as some cough preparations) should not be given to children.
- Which of the following drug types is not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration?
a. Opioids
b. Vitamins
c. Hormones
d. Herbal supplements
ANS: D
The FDA does not regulate herbal supplements but protects consumers from misleading health claims by the supplement industry.
- During your assessment of a clinic patient, the patient asks you if using expired over-the- counter (OTC) drugs would cause harm. What is your best answer?
a. “These drugs are safer than prescription drugs, so using expired OTC drugs is harmless.”
b. “Disposing of expired drugs is only necessary if you have several drug allergies.”
c. “You should always safely dispose all expired or discolored drugs.”
d. “The chemical preservatives in OTC drugs prevent drug expiration.”
ANS: C
You should always tell patients to safely dispose of old, discolored, or expired drugs or any drug that has lost its label instructions. Your pharmacist can tell you about the ways to safely dispose of drugs.
- A patient with depression tells you she is using St. John’s wort to treat her symptoms because she would rather use a natural product, as she already takes many prescription drugs. What is your best response?
a. “St. John’s wort has been proven effective in treating mild to moderate depression.”
b. “You may take St. John’s wort with your other prescription drugs without concern.”
c. “Avoid taking St. John’s wort because it interferes with many prescription drugs.”
d. “Avoid using St. John’s wort unless you have weekly blood levels drawn.”
ANS: C
St. John’s wort may improve mild to moderate depression but has potentially dangerous interactions with many prescription drugs.
- Which statement about multivitamins is true?
a. Most people will take multivitamins without consulting a healthcare professional.
b. Many multivitamins are used with prescription drugs to prevent disease.
c. Multivitamins are drug preparations that do not expire.
d. Multivitamins do not pose a risk for adverse effects.
ANS: A
People take vitamins to maintain health or to correct specific nutritional deficiencies. Most people decided to take vitamins on their own without the advice of a healthcare professional.
- A patient with a severe upper respiratory infection tells you she is taking mega-doses of vitamin C to help her get rid of the infection quicker. What is your best response?
a. “Taking high doses of vitamin C is recommended for this purpose.”
b. “Taking high doses of vitamin C is not effective because it is excreted quickly.”
c. “Vitamin C is a fat-soluble vitamin, and high doses can be dangerous.”
d. “Vitamin C is only useful in treating malabsorption syndromes.”
ANS: B
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is quickly excreted and thus mega-doses of this vitamin produce no additional benefit.
- A patient in the clinic asks you if she should purchase an expensive brand name multivitamin because cheaper vitamins may not be as good. What is your best response to this patient?
a. “All over-the-counter multivitamin preparations are the same.”
b. “There is a price–quality relationship to the vitamin product you buy.”
c. “The cost of the vitamin preparation is not an indication of effectiveness.”
d. “The cost of multivitamins is related to the bioavailability of the vitamins in the formula.”
ANS: C
The costs for some products are high because of the claims made about their effectiveness, but few of the manufacturer claims can be substantiated by evidence.
- A newly pregnant patient is taking oral vitamin A to encourage embryo growth. What would you include in your teaching plan for this patient?
a. “Vitamin A is a water-soluble vitamin, so it is safe for the fetus.”
b. “Take only the amount prescribed; high doses can cause birth defects.”
c. “Taking vitamin A during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy is recommended.”
d. “Only take vitamin A in the last trimester of pregnancy to encourage fetal growth.”
ANS: B
Excess vitamin A ingestion during pregnancy can cause birth defects of the CNS.
- A patient has been admitted for suspected vitamin A overdose. What symptoms would you expect the patient to exhibit?
a. Diarrhea and fever
b. Constipation and changes in taste
c. Ecchymosis of the lower extremities
d. Yellowing of the skin on the nose and ears
ANS: D
An early indication of vitamin A overdose is anorexia, abdominal pain, malaise, and yellowing of the skin, especially on the nose and ears.
- You are getting ready to give an intravenous preparation containing vitamin B1 (thiamine) to a patient with alcoholism. What is the rationale for giving thiamine in an IV solution containing glucose?
a. Glucose is necessary to assist thiamine in entering the cells.
b. Glucose prevents the thiamine from being excreted.
c. Glucose prevents precipitation of the IV fluid.
d. Glucose is needed for thiamine absorption.
ANS: C
If giving thiamine to an alcoholic or thiamine deficient patient, intravenous glucose should also be given to prevent precipitation or worsening of Wernicke encephalopathy.
- You are teaching a patient with a dietary deficiency of riboflavin about foods that contain riboflavin that should be part of the patient’s diet. Which of the following foods would be recommended?
a. Enriched flour
b. Dairy products
c. Whole grains such as barley
d. Orange-colored vegetables such as carrots
ANS: B
Teach patients that common food sources of riboflavin include dairy products, eggs, green leafy vegetables, organ meats, and peanuts.
- A patient you are caring for has been started on niacin as part of a regimen to reduce hyperlipidemia. Which unpleasant side effects of niacin should you teach this patient to expect?
a. Skin warmth and flushing
b. Yellow-tinged skin and sclera
c. Beefy-red tongue
d. Watery eyes
ANS: A
Expected side effects of niacin supplementation are skin warmth, flushing, and itching that can be relieved when giving niacin with aspirin.
- Which drug category is associated with pyridoxine deficiency?
a. Antibiotics
b. Beta blockers
c. Antilipidemics
d. Oral contraceptives
ANS: D
Oral contraceptives may induce pyridoxine deficiency.