Test 1 ch 24

Question 1

The nurse tells a mother that the blueprint for all inherited traits, such as height, is found in which of the following?
a. Sperm
b. Ovary
c. Chromosomes
d. Nucleus of the cell

Answer 1

ANS: C
The blueprint for all inherited traits is found in the chromosomes.

Question 2

The nurse discovers during the intake assessment of a 5-year-old child that the child lives with his biological parents and siblings. How would the nurse categorize this familytype?
a. Extended family
b. Blended family
c. Social family
d. Nuclear family

Answer 2

ANS: D
The nuclear family is considered the traditional family pattern.

Question 3

A newborn baby weighs 7 lb at birth. What does the nurse anticipate the baby’s weight will be at 1 year of age?
a. 14 lb
b. 17 lb
c. 21 lb
d. 25 lb

Answer 3

ANS: C
By 1 year, birth weight is expected to triple. Thus, the weight at 1 year would be 7 lb times three, which would equal 21 lb.

Question 4

The mother of a 5-month-old child is concerned because the child cannot sit by himself. The nurse explains that sitting alone is not expected until the baby reaches what age?
a. 6 months
b. 7 months
c. 8 months
d. 9 months

Answer 4

ANS: B
By the end of the seventh month, most babies can sit up without support.

Question 5

A young mother asks the nurse how long she should wait before introducing solid food to her infant. The nurse explains that breast milk will provide all the nutrition her infant needs for how many months?
a. 2 to 3 months
b. 4 to 6 months
c. 7 to 9 months
d. 10 to 12 months

Answer 5

ANS: B
Breast milk or formula is the only nutrition needed for the first 4 to 6 months of an infant’s life.

Question 6

When a mother asks the nurse about introducing solid foods into the child’s diet, which of the following would be the best answer?
a. “Introduce meat first.”
b. “Introduce one solid food at a time several days apart.”
c. “Introduce solid foods by mixing two or three foods together.”
d. “Introduce solid foods by adding strained food to the infant’s bottle.”

Answer 6

ANS: B
The best advice is to introduce one solid at a time, allowing several days between. Cereals should be introduced first, followed by fruits and vegetables. Meats should be introduced last. Avoid mixing foods to allow the infant to develop an interest in different tastes. Strained foods should not be added to a bottle.

Question 7

A baby’s muscular development progresses in what type of pattern? a. Regressive
b. Erratic
c. Cephalocaudal
d. Unpredictable

Answer 7

ANS: C

Question 8

At what age does a child typically possess the physiologic, neuromuscular, and psychological maturity necessary to master toilet training?
a. 6 to 10 months
b. 10 to 14 months
c. 14 to 18 months
d. 18 to 24 months

Answer 8

ANS: D
Children reach psychological and physiologic maturity for toilet training by 18 to 24 months.

Question 9

How can a family best assist a toddler who is attempting to feed himself?
a. Encourage the child to use a fork.
b. Feed the child themselves using a fork.
c. Encourage large portions for easier handling.
d. Offer the child finger foods.

Answer 9

ANS: D
Toddlers need to develop autonomy and do things for themselves in a trial-and-error method. Finger foods allow the child a feeling of independence.

Question 10

A 5-year-old who has an imaginary friend with whom he converses frequently is displaying characteristics consistent with which of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
a. Operational stage
b. Preoperational stage
c. Formal operations stage
d. Concrete operations stage

Answer 10

ANS: B
Piaget’s preoperational stage describes the preschooler as imaginative and egocentric, believing in magical thinking.

Question 11

A 14-year-old male patient has undergone a leg amputation. What should be the primary focus of the patient’s care plan?
a. Nutritional status
b. Academic progress
c. Body image
d. Socialization needs

Answer 11

ANS: C
Body image is a major developmental task of the adolescent. Nutritional status, academic progress, and socialization should be addressed, but they would not be the primary focus.

Question 12

According to Piaget, what is the cognitive developmental level of the adolescent?
a. Concrete operational stage
b. Sensorimotor stage
c. Preoperational stage
d. Formal operational stage

Answer 12

ANS: D
The formal operational stage is the cognitive developmental level of adolescence.

Question 13

The nurse performing a routine physical assessment on a 25-year-old understands that the patient is most likely experiencing which of the following?
a. A gradual decline in physical capabilities
b. Optimal level of functioning
c. Slight diminishing of visual acuity
d. Minimal hearing loss

Answer 13

ANS: B
During early adult years, the body is at an optimal level of functioning. The gradual decline in physical capabilities, diminishing of visual acuity, and hearing loss will not occur until later in adulthood.

Question 14

Erikson identifies intimacy as a developmental task of adulthood. What will occur if intimacy is not established?
a. Inferiority
b. Isolation
c. Mistrust
d. Guilt

Answer 14

ANS: B
Intimacy versus isolation is a developmental task of adulthood.

Question 15

What is the leading cause of death in young adults?
a. Diabetes
b. Accidents
c. Hypertension
d. Testicular cancer

Answer 15

ANS: B
The leading cause of death in young adults is accidents.

Question 16

A 53-year-old woman complains of night sweats and mood swings. The nurse recognizes that these symptoms most likely relate to which condition?
a. Menopause
b. Weight problems
c. Dietary problems
d. Thyroid problems

Answer 16

ANS: A
Signs and symptoms of menopause may include sweats and mood swings.

Question 17

. A 58-year-old male is concerned about some hearing loss he is experiencing. The nurse recognizes that this might be due to a sensory change of this age group known as which of the following?
a. Presbycusis
b. Otitis externa
c. Presbyopia
d. Otitis media

Answer 17

ANS: A
Presbycusis is a normal age-related loss of hearing. Otitis externa and otitis media are infections of the ear. Presbyopia is a condition in which it becomes difficult to focus on objects nearby.

Question 18

What is the correct term for prejudice against older adults?
a. Socialism
b. Sexism
c. Racism
d. Ageism

Answer 18

ANS: D
Ageism is a form of discrimination and prejudice against the older adult.

Question 19

What theory claims that there is a hereditary basis for aging?
a. Activity theory
b. Physiologic theory
c. Disengagement theory
d. Biological programming theory

Answer 19

ANS: D
Biological programming theory suggests a hereditary basis for aging.

Question 20

The nurse reminds an older adult patient that the task for the older adult is to achieve ego integrity. Failure to achieve this task results in which of the following?
a. Failure
b. Despair
c. Reminiscing
d. Accomplishment

Answer 20

ANS: B
The challenge of late adulthood is integrity versus despair.

Question 21

When assessing the home for fall risks and increased safety for an 85-year-old, what should be a suggestion of the home health nurse?
a. Bright lights be kept on at all times.
b. Sponge baths be taken rather than showers.
c. Excess furniture be removed.
d. Loose, comfortable shoes be worn.

Answer 21

ANS: C
Clearing the home of excess furniture and scatter rugs, the use of night-lights, and wearing supportive shoes reduce the risk of falls in older adults. It is not necessary to keep bright lights on at all times. It is not necessary to avoid showers.

Question 22

The home health nurse assesses an older adult’s respiratory function carefully because age-related changes in the respiratory system could result in which of the following?
a. Vital capacity
b. Susceptibility to respiratory infections
c. Expiratory capacity due to increased chest size
d. Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

Answer 22

ANS: B
Older adults are more susceptible to respiratory infections.

Question 23

What is the family pattern in which the relationships are unequal and the parents attempt to control the children with strict, rigid rules and expectations?
a. Autocratic family pattern
b. Patriarchal family pattern
c. Matriarchal family pattern
d. Democratic family pattern

Answer 23

ANS: A
In the autocratic family pattern the relationships are unequal. The parents attempt to control the children with strict, rigid rules and expectations. This family pattern is least open to outside influence.

Question 24

Which family pattern is least open to outside influence?
a. Autocratic family pattern
b. Patriarchal family pattern
c. Matriarchal family pattern
d. Democratic family pattern

Answer 24

ANS: A
In the autocratic family pattern the relationships are unequal. The parents attempt to control the children with strict, rigid rules and expectations. This family pattern is least open to outside influence.

Question 25

What is the family pattern in which the male usually assumes the dominant role and functions in the work role, controls the finances, and makes most of the decisions?
a. Autocratic family pattern
b. Patriarchal family pattern
c. Matriarchal family pattern
d. Democratic family pattern

Answer 25

ANS: B
In the patriarchal family pattern, the male usually assumes the dominant role. The male member functions in the work role, is responsible for control of finances, and makes most decisions.

Question 26

What is the family pattern in which the female assumes primary dominance in the areas of childcare and homemaking, as well as financial decision making?
a. Autocratic family pattern
b. Patriarchal family pattern
c. Matriarchal family pattern
d. Democratic family pattern

Answer 26

ANS: C
In the matriarchal family pattern, the female assumes primary dominance in areas of childcare and homemaking, as well as financial decision making.

Question 27

What is the family pattern in which the adult members function as equals?
a. Autocratic family pattern
b. Patriarchal family pattern
c. Matriarchal family pattern
d. Democratic family pattern

Answer 27

ANS: D
In the democratic family pattern, the adult members function as equals. Children are treated with respect and recognized as individuals. This style encourages joint decision making, and it recognizes and supports the uniqueness of each individual member. This family pattern favors negotiation, compromise, and growth.

Question 28

What is the stage of family development that begins when the couple acknowledges that they are considering marriage?
a. Expectant stage
b. Parenthood stage
c. Establishment stage
d. Engagement/commitment stage

Answer 28

ANS: D

Question 29

What is the stage of family development that extends from the wedding until the birth of the first child?
a. Expectant stage
b. Parenthood stage
c. Establishment stage
d. Engagement/commitment stage

Answer 29

ANS: C
The establishment stage extends from the wedding until the birth of the first child. During this phase, one of the important tasks is the adjustment from the single independent to the married, interdependent state. The challenges facing the newly married couple include learning to live with another person, decision making, conflict resolution, and communication.

Question 30

What is the stage of family development that begins when conception begins and continues through the pregnancy?
a. Expectant stage
b. Parenthood stage
c. Establishment stage
d. Engagement/commitment stage

Answer 30

ANS: A
The expectant stage begins when conception occurs and continues through the pregnancy.

Question 31

What is the stage of family development that begins at the birth or adoption of the first child?
a. Expectant stage
b. Parenthood stage
c. Establishment stage
d. Engagement/commitment stage

Answer 31

ANS: B
The parenthood stage begins at the birth or adoption of the first child.

Question 32

What stage of family development involves the grown children departing from home?
a. Expectant stage
b. Senescence stage
c. Establishment stage
d. Disengagement stage

Answer 32

ANS: D
The disengagement stage of parenthood is the period of family life when the grown children depart from the home.

Question 33

What is known as the last stage in the life cycle?
a. Expectant stage
b. Senescence stage
c. Establishment stage
d. Disengagement stage

Answer 33

ANS: B
The senescence stage is the last stage of the life cycle, which requires the individual to cope with a large range of changes. For the older adult the family unit continues to be a major source of satisfaction and pleasure. Most older adults prefer to live independently.

Question 34

The nurse recognizes that during the first 5 months of life, an infant is expected to gain approximately how many pounds per month?
a. 0.5
b. 1
c. 1.5
d. 2

Answer 34

ANS: C
The infant is expected to gain about 1.5 lb per month until 5 months.

Question 35

A nurse is caring for a neonate who weighs 7 lb 3 oz at birth. What should the infant’s weight be at 1 year?
a. 10 lb 3 oz
b. 14 lb 6 oz
c. 21 lb 9 oz
d. 28 lb 12 oz

Answer 35

ANS: C
By the time the baby is 1 year of age, the birth weight should have tripled.

Question 36

A nurse is caring for a neonate who is 22 in in height. What will the child’s expected height be at 1 year?
a. 29 in
b. 33 in
c. 44 in
d. 56 in

Answer 36

ANS: B
Height increases by about 1 in per month for the first 6 months. By 12 months of age, the infant’s birth length has increased about 50%.

Question 37

What is the average apical heart rate for a 2-month-old infant?
a. 80 beats/min
b. 100 beats/min
c. 120 beats/min
d. 150 beats/min

Answer 37

ANS: C
At 2 months of age, the average apical rate is about 120 beats/min.

Question 38

What is the average resting respiratory rate for a 12-month-old child?
a. 15 breaths/min
b. 20 breaths/min
c. 30 breaths/min
d. 50 breaths/min

Answer 38

ANS: C
Average resting respiratory rate for the 12-month-old is about 30 breaths/min.

Question 39

A nurse assessing a 2-month-old infant would expect the infant to do which of the following?
a. Crawl on the floor.
b. Creep on the floor.
c. Sit up steadily without support.
d. Hold its head up while in the prone position.

Answer 39

ANS: D
At 2 months the infant is able to hold the head up while in the prone position. Infants may crawl at 7 months and creep at about 9 months. By the end of the seventh month, infants can sit up steadily without support.

Question 40

A nurse assessing a 4-month-old infant would expect the infant to do which of the following?
a. Crawl up the stairs.
b. Creep on the floor at least 30 ft.
c. Walk upright with a waddling gait.
d. Hold head at a 90-degree angle while prone.

Answer 40

ANS: D
At 4 months the infant is able to hold the head up steadily to a 90-degree angle while in the prone position. Infants may crawl at 7 months and creep at about 9 months. Standing with support and walking occur at about 8 to 15 months.

Question 41

A nurse teaching the mother about infant oral hygiene instructs the mother to offer the infant sips of:
a. cola.
b. milk.
c. juice.
d. water.

Answer 41

ANS: D
Oral hygiene for the young infant consists of offering sips of clear water and wiping and massaging the infant’s gums. Cola, milk, and juice should not be introduced at this young age.

Question 42

A mother asks the nurse when she should introduce solid foods into her infant’s diet. What would be the most correct response?
a. Introduce fruits and vegetables first.
b. Mix foods to allow the infant variety.
c. Introduce only one new food at a time.
d. Introduce new foods at 24-hour intervals.

Answer 42

ANS: C
Only one new food should be introduced at a time, followed by several days between new foods. Cereals should be introduced first, followed by fruits and vegetables, and last meats. Food should not be mixed to allow the infant to develop interest in different foods and tastes.

Question 43

What is the leading cause of injury and death among infants and young children?
a. Accidents
b. Child abuse
c. Drug abuse
d. Adolescent parents

Answer 43

ANS: A
Accidents are the leading cause of injury and death of infants and young children.

Question 44

A nurse assessing a toddler should consider which finding abnormal?
a. Lumbar lordosis
b. Cyanotic nail beds
c. A protruding abdomen
d. A convex lumbar curve

Answer 44

ANS: B
Normal assessment findings in a toddler include lumbar lordosis (convex lumbar curve) and a protruding abdomen. Cyanotic nail beds are an abnormal finding.

Question 45

Which theory of aging suggests that the body becomes less able to tolerate the “self”?
a. Free radical theory
b. Autoimmunity theory
c. Wear-and-tear theory
d. Biological programming theory

Answer 45

ANS: B
The autoimmunity theory holds that with aging, the body becomes less able to recognize or tolerate the “self.” As a result the immune system produces antibodies that act against the self.

Question 46

Which theory of aging suggests that there should be a natural withdrawal between the individual and society?
a. Free radical theory
b. Autoimmunity theory
c. Wear-and-tear theory
d. Disengagement theory

Answer 46

ANS: D
According to supporters of the disengagement theory of aging, there should be a natural withdrawal, or disengagement, between the individual and society.

Question 47

Which theory of aging suggests that the older person who is more socially active is more likely to adjust well to aging?
a. Activity theory
b. Autoimmunity theory
c. Wear-and-tear theory
d. Disengagement theory

Answer 47

ANS: A
According to the activity theory, the older person who is more active socially is more likely to adjust well to aging.

Question 48

Which theory of aging suggests that previously developed coping abilities and the ability to maintain previous roles and activities are critical to adjustment to old age?
a. Continuity theory
b. Autoimmunity theory
c. Wear-and-tear theory
d. Disengagement theory

Answer 48

ANS: A
Supporters of the continuity theory suggest that the critical factors in adjustment to old age are previously developed coping abilities and the ability to maintain previous roles and activities.

Question 49

Which of the following measures would be included in a teaching plan to instruct new parents on reducing the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome?
a. Bottle-feed an infant at night
b. Place infants on their stomach to sleep.
c. Keep an infant’s room well ventilated.
d. Place soft bedding and pillows in an infant’s crib.

Answer 49

ANS: C
Steps to reduce the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome include placing infants on their back to sleep, avoiding exposure to cigarette smoke, avoiding using soft bedding or pillows, keeping rooms well ventilated, breastfeeding if possible, and maintaining regular medical checkups for infants.

Question 50

A nurse instructing a group of parents about safety rules for infants and young children should include which of the following measures in the teaching plan?
a. Remove plants from the child’s reach.
b. Provide the infant with a pillow at night.
c. Use a plastic covering on the infant’s mattress.
d. Keep the crib sides up and set the mattress at the highest setting.

Answer 50

ANS: A
Safety rules for infants and young children include keeping the crib sides up and the mattress set at the lowest setting, never using plastic bags or coverings on mattresses or near the infant’s playthings, avoiding the use of pillows with small infants, and removing plants from the child’s reach.

Question 51

A child who uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world is displaying characteristics consistent with which stage of Piaget’s cognitive development?
a. Sensorimotor stage of cognitive development
b. Preoperational stage of cognitive development
c. Formal operational stage of cognitive development
d. Concrete operational stage of cognitive development

Answer 51

ANS: A
The Piaget’s sensorimotor stage of cognitive development uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world; this period begins with reflexes and coordinates sensorimotor skills.

Question 52

A child who has just begun to demonstrate object permanence is in which of the Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational thought
c. Formal operational thought d. Concrete operational thought

Answer 52

ANS: A
The Piaget’s sensorimotor stage of cognitive development uses senses and motor abilities to understand the world; this period begins with reflexes and coordinates sensorimotor skills. While in this stage, a child learns that an object still exists when it is out of sight (object permanence).

Question 53

A child who has just begun to demonstrate egocentric thinking is in which of the Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational thought
c. Formal operational thought
d. Concrete operational thought

Answer 53

ANS: B
The Piaget’s preoperational stage of cognitive development includes the development of egocentric thinking (understanding the world from only one perspective, that of the self).

Question 54

A child has just begun to demonstrate the ability to understand and apply logical operations to help interpret specific experiences or perceptions. Which of the following stages of Piaget’s cognitive development is this describing?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational thought
c. Formal operational thought
d. Concrete operational thought

Answer 54

ANS: D
The Piaget’s concrete operational stage of cognitive development includes the ability to understand and apply logical operations or principles to help interpret specific experiences or perceptions.

Question 55

A child who is able to use a systematic, scientific problem-solving approach is in which of the Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational thought
c. Formal operational thought
d. Concrete operational thought

Answer 55

ANS: C
The Piaget’s formal operational stage of cognitive development includes the ability to use a systematic, scientific problem-solving approach.

Question 56

According to Erikson, an infant who was abandoned by his or her primary caregiver is at risk for developing which of the following?
a. Guilt
b. Mistrust
c. Isolation
d. Confusion

Answer 56

ANS: B
During infancy a child’s developmental task is basic trust versus mistrust.