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Psych Ch1 > Test 5 > Flashcards

Test 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of psychopathology?

A

the scientific study of origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders.

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2
Q

Prevalence of a disorder

A

percentage of a population experiencing a given disorder during some period of time

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3
Q

Incidence of a disorder

A

Rate(or #) of new cases reported during a given period diabetes

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4
Q

comorbidity

A

situation where an individual has more than one psychological disorder simultaneously

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5
Q

Discuss the use of the DSM V in the diagnostic process.

A

Major Diagnostic Classes of Mental Disorders
the volume or the book that contains all info on psychological disorder
used by psychiachtrist
interview patients or family members, may give a test
gather info and go to dsm 5 in order to classify that disorder
complete description of the disorder
revised every few years
key to making diagnosis in psychiatry

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6
Q

phobia

A

excessive, irrational(in reality there is no great danger) fears of activities, objects, or situations.
-The fear is out of proportion to the real danger

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7
Q

list of phobias

A
  • agoraphobia
  • social anxiety disorder
  • panic disorder
  • generalized anxiety disorder
  • obsessive-compulsive disorder
  • post-traumatic stress disorder
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8
Q

agoraphobia

A
  • The avoidance of public places or situations in which escape may be difficult
  • fear of incapacitating or embarassing symptoms of panic
  • fear of being in open and public places
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9
Q

social anxiety disorder

A
  • a fear related to being seen or observed by others
    fear of being judged
  • Fear of being subjected in scrutiny.
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10
Q

panic disorder

A
  • most severe anxiety disorder
  • intense physiological reaction
  • arousal not related to a specific stimulus
  • rapid heart rate, sweating, dizziness
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11
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

-a chronically high level of anxiety
-anxiety is not attached to anything in particular(free-floating).
-diffuse and nonspecific kind of anxiety
individual who chronically experienced as excessive worrying and tension.
- a chronic and sustained pattern of anxiety
-Free-flowing anxiety

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12
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A
  • receptive, irrational, intrusive thoughts, impulses, or images(obsessions).
  • irresistible, repetitive acts(compulsions) such as checking that doors are locked. (behavior)
  • Howie Mandel
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13
Q

what are the biological factors of OCD

A
  • OCD runs in families

- OCD has been associated with low levels of Serotonin and norepinephrine (neurotransmitters)

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14
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder

A
  • Exposure to a terrifyingg event or ordeal.

- natural disasters, physical or sexual assault, combat.

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15
Q

what are the symptoms of PTSD?

A

-negative thinking, moods, and emotions( feeling of alienation, guilt)
-Persistent state of physical arousal
-acute anxiety
-frightening memories
-flashbacks
sleep problems

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16
Q

What are the more commonly diagnosed phobias?

A
  • agoraphobia
  • social anxiety disorder
  • claustrophobia
  • anxiety is attached to specific situation or object
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17
Q

What is meant by the term dissociative experience?

A

-breaking up of cognitive and emotion
-not a brake with reality
-they lose integration
when the person experiences the break

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18
Q

what are the dissociative disorders?

A

dissociative amnesia

  • dissociative Fugue
  • Dissociative Identity Disorder
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19
Q

characteristics of Dissociative amnesia

A
  • loss of memory with no organic cause(brain has not been damaged, extreme stress)
  • A sudden inability to recall personal information.
  • often occurs in response of trauma or extreme stress.
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20
Q

characteristics of Dissociative Fugue

A
  • A type of dissociative amnesia

- involves amnesia and flight from the workplace or home

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21
Q

characteristics of Dissociative Identity disorder

A
  • “Multiple Personality”
  • an individual has two or more distinct & separate personalities
  • 2 or more people inhabiting the same body
  • recurrently take control of the individual’s behavior
  • personalities usually alternate
  • amnesia and memory personality

-individual
personalities are known as alter egos

  • The ALTERS often have different personal histories, behavior patterns and voices
  • rare
  • reflects a failure to integrate aspects of conciousness, memory and identity
  • awareness, memory and personal identity become separated or divided.
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22
Q

Why are depression and bipolar disorder considered mood disorders?

A

because they change your mood

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23
Q

What are typical treatments for depression ?

A

antidepressant drugs are used to balance your chemistry by working on neurotransmitters to make you feel better

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24
Q

What are typical bipolar disorder ?

A

lithium

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25
Q

What is persistent depressive disorder?

A

a chronic but less severe form than major depressive disorder

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26
Q

Which neurotransmitters are implicated in depression?

A

norepinephrin and serotonin

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27
Q

What is seasonal affective disorder?

A

-“winter depression”- occurs in fall and winter months, remits in spring

-more common with people living in northern latitudes
increased sleep,

-increased appetite, weight gain fatigue, social withdrawal (symptoms )

28
Q

What is cyclothymic disorder?

A
  • less severe, chronic form of bipolar disorder
  • associated with moderate level of mania
  • comes along with Hypomania
29
Q

name eating disorder

A
  • anorexia
  • bulimia
  • binge-eating
30
Q

anorexia

A
  • weight at least 15% below normal
  • intense fear of weight gain
  • distorted body image
  • denies the seriousness of the weight loss
  • death due to kidney or heart failure
31
Q

bulimia

A
  • Episodes of binge eating followed by recurrent episodes of purging
  • a chemical imbalance results from constant vomiting diarrhea
  • Can have serious effects including heart failure
  • a sense of lack of control over eating
  • they often get depressed
  • self-evaluation influenced by wait
32
Q

binge-eating disorder.

A
  • binges of extreme overeating without purging.
  • Feelings of distress, lack of control, shame.
  • Biological and environmental causes

-treatment involves multiple approaches
psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral techniques,
dietary modification,
stress management

33
Q

What are the key features of the personality disorders?

A
  • Long-standing patterns of maladaptive behavior
  • usually evident during adolescent years.
  • resistant to treatment
34
Q

what are the three basic clusters into which the personality disorders are organized?

A
  • odd eccentric behavior cluster
  • dramatic, emotional, erratic behavior cluster
  • anxious, fearful behavior cluster
35
Q

what are the disorders of the odd eccentric behavior cluster?

A
  • paranoid personality disorder
  • schizoid personality disorder
  • Schizotypal personality disorder
36
Q

paranoid personality disorder

A

pervasive distrust and suspiciousness; assumes others are about to harm them

37
Q

schizoid personality disorder

A

detached from social relationships; emotionally cold; prefers solitary activities; lack close friends

38
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

A

odd thoughts, speech, emotional reactions; impaired interpersonal functioning

39
Q

what are the disorders of the dramatic, emotional, erratic behavior cluster?

A
  • Antisocial personality disorder
  • Borderline personality Disorder
  • Histrionic Personality Disorder
  • Narcissistic Personality Disorder
40
Q

Antisocial personality disorder

A
  • violates rights of others; impulsive deceitful, manipulative; shows no guilt or remorseCharacterized by deceitful, impulsive, reckless actions that violate social norms
  • fail to develop any emotional attachments
  • show no regard for the feelings and wellbeing of others
  • no remorse/guilt for their actions
  • impulsive- want immediate gratification
41
Q

Borderline personality Disorder

A

unstable relationships, emotion & self image; feelings of emptiness, rear of abandonment and self destructive

  • instability of interpersonal relationships, self image and emotions
  • fear of abandonment
  • moods are intense and extreme

-intense and uncontrollably angry
deep despair

  • emptiness
  • self destructive behavior- ex. self mutilation
42
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A

exaggerated, dramatic expression of emotion and attention seeking; sexually seductive behaviors.

43
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

grandiose sense of importance; excessive need for admiration; pretentious and boastful; lacks empathy

44
Q

what are the disorders of the anxious fearful behavior cluster?

A
  • Avoidant Personality Disorder
  • Dependent personality Disorder
  • Obssesive-Compulsvie personality disorder
45
Q

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

social inhibition and social avoidance due to feelings of inadequacy; hypersensitive to criticism and disapproval

46
Q

Dependent personality Disorder

A

excessive need to be taken care of; clinging behaviors; fear of separation

47
Q

Obssesive-Compulsvie personality disorder

A

rigid preoccupation with orderliness, personal control or schedules that interferes with completing tasks; unreasonable perfectionism.

48
Q

Describe the biosocial developmental theory of borderline personality disorder.

A

-results from a combination of

-biological psychological and enviornmental factors
a biological temperment(impulsivity, negative emotions makes child vulnerable)

  • Poor parenting
  • dysfunctional relationship
  • bad communication………environment set up for this disorder
49
Q

Why is schizophrenia considered a disorder of thought?

A

schizophrenia considered a disorder of thought because thinking is disorganized and tend to have distorted beliefs and perceptions

50
Q

Positive symptoms(excesses of functions)

A
  • reflects a distortion or excess of normal functioning
  • include disorganized thought and speech
  • disorganized speech is considered a reflection of the underlying thought processes
51
Q

delusions

A

false belief that are not based on reality

52
Q

HALLUCINATIONS

A
  • perceptions that are not caused by stimulation of the sensory receptors.
  • auditory hallucinations are the most common
53
Q

negative symptoms (deficits of function)

A
  • marked deficits in emotional and/or behavioral functioning
  • reductions and losses of function
  • disturbances in affect
  • diminished emotional expression
54
Q

FLAT AFFECT

A

failure to experience any emotion at all

55
Q

BLUNTED AFFECT

A

the inability to expos an emotionerience the full range

56
Q

ALOGIA

A

reduced production of speech

-aka poverty of speech

57
Q

AVOLITION

A

difficulty making decisions or initiating goal directed behavior

58
Q

APATHY

A
  • Lack energy and drive

- associated with more cognitive impairment and poorer prognoses than positive symptom

59
Q

What evidence is there concerning the causes of schizophrenia?

A
  • genetic factors
  • paternal ages
  • immune system
  • abnormal brain structure
  • brain chemistry
  • psychological factors
60
Q

genetic factors

A
  • runs in families
  • the closer related u are with someone with schizophrenia the higher chances of you having it
  • twin studies
  • concordance rates- the estimated risk and the likelihood of two people having this disorder( identical twin has a higher chance then fraternal twins)
61
Q

paternal ages

A
  • a potential risk factor
  • genetic mutations carried in the sperm
  • as sperm divisions increase over time they can accumulate genetic mutations that can be passed on
62
Q

immune system

A
  • viral infection theory

- exposure to a virus during prenatal development creates a vulnerability to schizophrenia

63
Q

abnormal brain structure

A
  • larger ventricles(fluid filled cavities in the brain)

- loss of gray matter tissue(glial cells, neuron cell bodies, unmyelinated axons in the cortex

64
Q

brain chemistry

A
  • increase in dopamine activity
  • treatment involves antipsychotic medication
  • works by suppressing dopamine activity
65
Q

psychological factors

A
  • stress
  • dysfunctional parenting
  • disorders hostile family
66
Q

Nuerodevelopmental model of schizophrenia

A

schizophrenia results from a combination of genetic predisposition along with other factors.

67
Q

What neurotransmitter has been implicated in schizophrenia?

A

dopamine

Psych Ch1 (6 decks)

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