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Psych Ch1 > Test 2 Review > Flashcards

Test 2 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

The brains ability to change structure and function

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2
Q

Functional plasticity

A

The brains ability to shift functions from damage to undamaged brain areas

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3
Q

Structural plasticity

A

The brains ability to physically change in response to experience

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4
Q

Neurogenesis

A

Development of new neurons

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5
Q

Hindbrain

A
  • lower base of the brain
  • earliest to evolve
  • includes Medulla, Pond, Cerebellum
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6
Q

Medulla

A

Contains a respiratory center for example breathing, and yawning, heart rate

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7
Q

pond

A

Connects the 2/2 of the brain. Sleep and arousal

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8
Q

Cerebellum

A

Deals with muscle coordination, behavior that requires aim and skill

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9
Q

Midbrain

A

Middle region of the brain; processes visual and auditory sensory

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10
Q

Forebrain

A

Two hemispheres

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11
Q

Identify the lobes of the brain

A

Frontal, pairental, temporal, occipital

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12
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Responsible for language, reasoning, planning and problem-solving

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13
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Contains Somato sensory, Processes smell, touch

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14
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory information, smell, Memory and emotion; left temporal lobe contains area involved in speech, function of language

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15
Q

What is meant by lateralization of function

A

some functions are processed by one side of the brain

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16
Q

What functions are associated with the right and left hemispheres of the brain?

A

language( grammar),writing,reading and arithmic= LEFT

visual-spatial tasks, patterns,faces, emotional expression, music

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17
Q

Aphasia

A

Impairment and understanding language

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18
Q

Apraxia

A
  • defects in nonverbal skills
  • damage to the right hemisphere

Ex. dressing apraxia – trouble putting clothes on one side of the body
- contractural apraxia-cannot copy a drawing

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19
Q

Broca’s area

A

damage to an area of the lower left frontal lobe

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20
Q

Warnicke’s area

A
  • affects the left temporal lobe
  • speech is meaningless
  • fluent aphasia
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21
Q

What is meant by the term circadian rhythm

A

Fluctuations in biological and psychological processes that occur over 24 hour.

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22
Q

What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?where is it located

A

Cluster of neurons located in the hypothalamus that govern the timing of the circadian rhythm

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23
Q

What role does melatonin play and sleep?

A

-levels of melatonin change over a 24 hour. As we fall asleep or melatonin levels increase and as we start to awake Out melatonin levels decrease

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24
Q

Why is the sleep – wake cycle referred to as a circadian rhythm him?

A

…

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25
Q

Describe the sleep cycle

A
  • stage one – very light sleep
  • stage two – light sleep
  • stage III – deep sleep
  • stage four – very deep sleep
  • stage five – REM sleep
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26
Q

How is sleep typically study?

A

through an electroencephalogram that measures brain activity during sleep through monitoring brain waves

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27
Q

Distinguish between REM and non-REM sleep

A

– After stage four = REM sleep

- NREM= stages one through four

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28
Q

What are characteristics of RAM sleep

A
  • muscle paralysis

- dream state

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29
Q

What is meant by the term REM rebound effect

A

Making up for lost REM sleep

30
Q

Freud’s theory on dreams

A

Dreams contain manifest and latent content

31
Q

Manifest content

A

The descriptions of dreams as one remembers it

32
Q

Latent content

A

The explanation, analysis of the dream

33
Q

Activation synthesis hypothesis

A

Use of brain waves explain dreams

34
Q

Neurocognitive theory

A

Dreams are similar to thinking when awake without voluntary control

35
Q

Dyssomnia’s

A

Involve disruptions in the amount, timing or quality of sleep

36
Q

Dyssomnia disorders

A
  • isomnia
  • obstructive sleep apnea
  • Narcolepsy
37
Q

Parasomnia

A

sleep disorders involving undesirable physical arousal, behaviors or events during sleep or sleep transition

38
Q

What is meant by the term “psychoactive substance “

A

Chemicals that affect consciousness , perceptions , mood and behaviors

39
Q

Substance dependence

A

Body and brain chemistry have physically adapted to a drug

40
Q

Tolerance

A

The need for increasing doses of a substance to achieve the effect formally obtained from a smaller dose

41
Q

Withdrawal

A

Unpleasant physical runs that occur when a person stops taking a drug.

42
Q

Depressants

A

Depress or slows the function of CNS

-
Alcohol
-barbiturates
-inhalant
-tranquilizers
43
Q

Stimulant and ex.

A

-increases brain activity

Ex. Amphetamines
-cocaine

44
Q

Opiates

A

-produces loss of sensitivity to pain

45
Q

Hallucinogens

A

-creates perceptual distortions and altered moods

46
Q

Designer club drugs

A

synthetic drugs used at dance clubs and parties

47
Q

examples of stimulants

A

caffeine, Nicotine, Amphetamines, Cociane

48
Q

examples of psychedelic drugs

A

-LSD, marijuana , Mescaline

49
Q

examples of opioids

A

Opium, Morphine,Codeine , Heroin, Methadone, prescribed painkillers

50
Q

examples of depressants

A

alcohol,barbiturates,tranquilizers

51
Q

Arcuate Fasciculus

A

Bundle of fibers that connect Wernicke’s and Boca’s areas

52
Q

damage to Arcuate Fasciculus

A 
causes Conduction Aphasia....
peech is fluent; good comprehension
Difficulties
producing names
objects
assembling phonemes into words (fff, sss)
53
Q

The Split Brain

founder

A

split his corpus collosum to prevent the traveling from one hemisphere to another
-Roger Sperry

54
Q

split brain research left functions

A

Left hemisphere Function
-speech and language
mathematical computation/

55
Q

split brain research right functions

A

recognizing faces
spatial abilities
emotional response
musical tasks

56
Q

Visual Agnosia

A

inability to identify objects visually ( «

57
Q

during wakefulness these types of brain waves are transmitted

A

Beta brain waves

58
Q

during drowsiness these types of brain waves are

A

Alpha brain waves. longer and more frequent than beta waves

59
Q

Hypnagogic hallucinations

A

brief vivid sensory phenomena that occur during the onset of sleep. occurs during
transitional period

60
Q

Dream work-(Freudian)

A

process that transforms latent content

61
Q

Activation Synthesis Hypothesis founders

A

Hobson & McCarley (1977)

62
Q

Neurocognitive Theory of dreaming

founder

A

William Domhoff( 2005, 2010)

63
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness.
Sleep attacks.
Attacks of muscle weakness (cataplexy).
Intrusion of REM sleep into wakefulness.

64
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

A

Life-threatening.
Flow of air to the lungs stops for at least 10 seconds.
Higher risk among men and the obese.

65
Q

Sleepwalking(somnabulism)

A

Affects children and about 4% of adults
Can engage in elaborate behavior with no memory of it when awakened.
occurs in stage 4

66
Q

Sleep Terrors

A

occur during Stage 4 sleep.
Affects children between ages 2 and 5.
Usually disappears as the child matures.
occur during REM sleep

67
Q

Sleep-Related Eating Disorder

A

Sleepwalking to the kitchen & eating compulsively

not conscious of it

68
Q

Sleepsex (Sexsomnia)

A

Involves abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences during sleep.

69
Q

Delirium tremens

A

consequence of long term heavy alcohol consumption

70
Q

Korsakov’s syndrome

A
  • a severe brain impairment characterized by forgetting incidents of ones daily life activities

Psych Ch1 (6 decks)

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