Test 4 Review Flashcards
Discuss Binet’s contribution to intelligence testing
He worked with Theodore Simon and created the Binet Simon scale
What is meant by Mental age
a measurement of ones ability at a certain age
Who was responsible for the development of the Stanford Binet intelligence scale
Lewis Terman
What role did wechsler play in the development of intelligence scale ?
- specifically designed for adults
- provided scores on 1subtests measuring different abilities
What is meant by IQ
A measure of general intelligence derived by comparing an individuals score with the scores of others on the same age group
How is IQ calculated
A number derived by dividing the individuals mental age by the chronological age and multiplying the result by 100
Normal curve
A bell shaped distribution of individual differences in normal population in which most scores cluster around the average score
Reliability
The ability of a test to produce consistent results when administered on repeated occasions under similar conditions
Validity
The ability for a test to measure what is intended to be measured
Standardization
The administration of a test to a large , representative sample of people under uniform conditions for the purpose of establishing norms
Norms
…
Intellectual disability
A condition in which individuals generally have an IQ or 70 or below and because of their deficit in mental abilities are unable to function independently
Charles spearman
Intelligence can be described as a single factor “general intelligence or G factor
Thurstone
Seven primary mental abilities
He believed that intelligence isn’t singular but believed there were 7 independent mental abilities for example verbal comprehension, numerical ability, reasoning, and perceptual speed
Sternberg
Triarchcic theory of intelligence
Successful intelligence involves analytical, creative, and practical mental abilities
Gardner
-multiple intelligences
Personality
- relatively stable pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving
- distinguishes one person from another
What are four major urachal perspectives on personality?
…
what are the three components of a personality
I’d, ego, superego
Free association
And analytic technique used to associate words to a situation
Id
- The primitive biological side of the personality
- pleasure seeking an aggressive instinctual energy
- operates on the pleasure principle
- seeks immediate gratification of wishes
- lacks morality and rationality
Ego
The rational side of the personality
-operates on relative principal and has access to the real world postpone, delays gratification in the response to the demand of reality
Super ego
Moralistic component
-internalized values, ideals and moral standard
What are the two aspects of the super ego?
The conscience, the ego ideal
A conscience
Tells us when we had violated our parents and society rules and execs punishment for violating rules
Ex. Anxiety
Ego ideal
Represents the super egos positive side and Anes for what is right and I deal
- also motivates people towards perfection
Is conflict conscious or unconscious?
Unconscious
What mediates conflict
The eagle mediates conflicts are using defense mechanisms such as for Re-pression, displacement sublimation, rationalization, projection, reaction formation, denial undoing and progression
What are the levels of consciousness?
Conscious, preconscious, unconscious
What occurs on the conscious level?
In the conscious level thoughts, wishes, emotions I am made aware of
Preconscious level
Just below the conscious level memories and content to which we have ready access to
Unconscious level
Don’t have easy access to, thoughts, wishes and feelings that exists beyond our witness and can only gain access towards them through great effort
Pleasure principle
The relentless drive towards immediate satisfaction of the instinctual urges, especially sexual urges
Reality principle
Is the capacity to postpone gratification into the appropriate time or circumstances exist in the external world
Libido
The psychological and emotional energy associated with expressions of sexuality; the sex drive
Ego defense mechanism
Largely unconscious distortions or thoughts of perception the act to reduce anxiety
Repression
Blocking a wish or a desire from consciousness
Ex. Forgetting to keep appointments to the dentist
Denial
Refusing to acknowledge a reality
Ex. Refusing to believe that one has terminal cancer
Projection
Attributing an unconscious impulses, attitude of behavior to another
Ex. Accusing your husband of having an affair when you have been cheating
Formation
Expressing an impulse by it’s opposite
Ex.treating someone you dislike as a friend
Regression
Returning to an earlier form behavior
Ex. Resuming bedwetting after one has since stopped
Rationalization
Dealing with an emotionally intellectually to avoid emotional concerns
Ex. Arguing that “everyone else does it so why should I be guilty”
displacement
Satisfying and impulse with a substitute object
Ex. Teasing your younger brother after you been teased by your older brother
Sublimation
Re-channeling and then pulls into a socially design outlet
Ex.satisfy a question urges by becoming a football player
Abraham Maslow
Believed that humans mean expert a powerful: behavior.
Created the hierarchy of needs on which means the human needs are organized in a hierarchy
- people have a variety of human needs, the basic ones are on survival (thirst, hunger)
- believed that needs or what motivate people
Carl Rogers
Stated that humans have a self actualization tendency
- that when the individual has become self actualize they are totally fulfilled
- humans have the innate drive to Maintain and enhance the human organism
- client centered theory
- strong need to be loved and to experience affection which results in conditional positive regard
Conditional positive regard
Given only if they engage in behaviors that are approved by others
-if you believe that the infection is conditional you want to start your own experiences in order to feel worthy of acceptance
Unconditional positive regard
- A person is excepted for what he or she is and not for others would like that person to be
- positive self regard follows and this is the ideal
Self-concept
Perception of our abilities, behaviors and characteristics
-we act in accordance with our self-concept we will act in the way we perceive ourselves
Real self
The self as it really is, a product of our experiences
The ideal self
The self we would like to be
Maladjustment
A discrepancy between the real and Ideal self
Social cognitive perspective
Stresses observational learning
Albert Bandura the Bobo doll
- Individuals are affected by their environment
Reciprocal determinism
The interaction of behavioral cognitive and environmental factor
-Key concept and vendors theory of self-efficacy
Self efficacy
A person’s belief about his or her skills and ability to perform certain behaviors and like a trait, self efficacy is specific to the situation and can change over time
Trait
The tendency to behave, feel and think in the ways that are consistent across the tuitions.
-focuses on identifying, describing and measuring individual differences
Cattell and Eyesenck
-trait theory
-used factor analysis
-personality consist of surface traits and source traits
Eyesenck….
-organize traits Internet will be defined card glory which were then placed into broader categories
Surface traits
- attributes that can easily be inferred from observable behavior (we can’t see it physically but can be inferred)
- cluster of behaviors that appeared to go together (honesty, self-discipline and thoughtfulness)
Source traits
The broad basic traits
- underlying traits determine the surface traits
- 16 source traits represent the basis of personality
Extroversion
Outgoing this, sociability
Neuroticism
Emotional instability, anxiety, guilt, low self-esteem
Psychoticism
Aggressive, impulsive, and lacks empathy
