test 4 pictures Flashcards by Wesley Tyson

title:
- “Quadrille at the Moulin Rouge”
artist:
- Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
when:
- 1892
where:
- National Gallery of Art
- Washington D.C.
medium:
- oil on cardboard
context:
- post impressionism
- moulin rogue was/is the artistic and entertainment center of Paris, where the artist lived and worked
- his family disapproved of his lifestyle, but his wealth saved him from the poverty that many artists in this generation faced

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title:
- “La Goule at the Moulin Rouge”
artist:
- Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
when:
- 1891
where:
- The Metropolitan Museum of Art
medium:
- poster, color lithograph
context:
- post impressionsim
- La Goulue was a professional dancer who, among his singers, circus performers, and prostitues, were among his favorite subjects
- at age 15, the artist was left with permanently stunted legs as a result of two accidents
  - perhaps bc of this, dancers had a particlar attraction for him

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title:
- “Mont Sanite-Victoire”
artist:
- Paul Cezanne
when:
- 1990
where:
- Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russia
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- post impressionism
- the author revisited a subject that preoccupied him of years
- his personal identification with the mountain is indicated by the anthropomorphism of the rich green tree in the right foreground-possibly a self-image

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title:
- “Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte”
artist:
- George Seurat
when:
- 1884-86
where:
- Art Institute of Chicago
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- post impressionism
- la grande jatte is an island in the river Seine that was popular with Parisians for weekend outings
- the artists painstaking and systematic technique reflected his scientific approach to painting
- for two years he made many small outdoor studies before painting the large finals canvas of La Grande Jatte in his studio
- was unveiled for the last Impressionist Exhibition

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title:
- “The Starry Night”
artist:
- Vincent Van Gogh
when:
- 1889
where:
- Museum of Modern Art
- New York
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- post impressionism
- seen as the reflection of a disturbed mind
  - painted this when he was in a mental assylum
- illustrates the artists genius for intense, expressive color, his powerful imagery, and strong sense of line
- the artist shared the impressionist passion for landscape

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title:
- “Nevermore”
artist:
- Paul Gaugin
when:
- 1897
where:
- Courtauld Institute of Art Gallery
- London, England
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- post impressionism
- depicts a Tahitian version of reclining nude
- the artists style changed a little after he left France
  - Polynesian life and culture became the subject of his work
  - gradually poverty, alcholism, and syphillis undermined his health, and died at the age of fifty-five after at least one side attempt

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title:
- “The Scream”
artist:
- Edvard Munch
when:
- 1893
where:
- National Gallery
- Oslo, Norway
medium:
- post impressionism
- oil, pastel, and casein on cardboard
context:
- the artist represents his own taste of disintegration in a figure crossing the bridge over Oslo’s Christianiafjord

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title:
- “The Dream”
artist:
- Henri Rousseau
when:
- 1910
where:
- Museum of Modern Art
- New York
medium:
- post impressionism
- oil on canvas
context:
- was painted shortly before the authors death and eleven years after the publication of Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams
- painting shows a nude, reclining, but alert woman, in a pose related to the Classical reclining Venus

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title:
- “The Old Guitarist”
artist:
- Pablo Picasso
when:
- 1903
where:
- Art Insitiute of Chicago
- (Helen Birch Barlett Memorial Collection)
medium:
- oil on panel
context:
- the elongated forms and flickering silver light evoke the spirtituality of El Greco

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title:
- “Woman with the Hat”
artist:
- Henri Matisse
when:
- 1905
where:
- Museum of Modern Art
- San Francisco
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- fauvism
- the painting caused a scandal in the Paris art world for its unconvential use of color
  - but when purchased, its reputation was saved and the artists prices began to rise

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title:
- The Joy of Life
artist:
- Henri Matisse
when:
- 1905-06
where:
- The Barnes Foundation
- Merion Pennsylvania
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- fauvism
- shows the use of Fauve color to create a mood of exuberant, creative eroticism
- the entire picture undulates with passionate enjoyment as figures dance, play music, and embrace

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title:
- “The Street”
artist:
- Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
when:
- 1907
where:
- Museum of Modern Art, New York
medium:
- Oil on canvas
context:
- expressionism
- combines exuberant Expressionist color with undulating forms reminiscent of Munch
- has a dreamlike quality created by unusual color and curvilinear, undulating forms

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title:
- Panel for Edwin R. Campbell No. 4
- (formerly Painting Number 201, Winter)
artist:
- Vassily Kandinsky
when:
- 1914
where:
- Museum of Modern Art
- New York
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- expressionism
- one in a series of 4 paintings representing the seasons- this one being winter

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title:
- “Several Circles”
artist:
- Vassily Kandinsky
when:
- 1926
where:
- Soloman R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- expressionism
- has an “otherworldly” quality
  - evoking both the minutaie of the invisible molecular world and the vast distances of a solar system occupied by orbiting moons and planets

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title:
- “The Large Blue Horses”
artist:
- Franz Marc
when:
- 1911
where:
- Walker Art Center
- Minneapolis
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- expressionism
- combines geometry with rick color

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title:
- Harmony in Red
artist:
- Henri Matisse
when:
- 1908-1909
where:
- State Hermitage Museum
- St. Petersburg, Russia
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- expressionism
- goes beyond the thick, constructive brushstrokes and unusual color juxtapositions of his Fauve period

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title:
- “Dance I”
artist:
- Henri Matisse
when:
- 1909
where:
- Museum of Modern Art
- New York
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- expressionism
- it is the figures, rather than the arabesques, that dance

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title:
- Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
artist:
- Pablo Picasso
when:
- 1907
where:
- Museum of Modern Art
- New York
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- cubism
- painting was named for a bordello in the Carrer d/Avinyo- Barcelona’s red light district
- earlier versions had a seated sailor and a medical student carrying a skull
  - both were representations of him
- by removing them from the painting, he shifted from a more personal narrative to a more powerful mythic image

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title:
- Violin and Pitcher
artist:
- Georges Braque
when:
- 1909-1910
where:
- Switzerland
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- analytical cubism
- the author worked closely with Picasso and both were responsible for creating cubism

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title:
- “Three Musicians”
artist:
- Pablo Picasso
when:
- 1921
where:
- Museum of Modern Art
- New York
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- synthetic cubism

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title:
- “Guernica”
artist:
- Pablo Picasso
when:
- 1937
where:
- Madrid, Spain
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- analytic and synthetic cubism as well as surrealism
- between 1936-1939 there was a civil war between spanish republicans and the fascist army of General Franco
- in april 1937 Franco’s Nazi allies carried out saturation bombing over the town of Guernica
- picasso painted this to protest this atrocity

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title:
- “Unique Forms of Continuity in Space”
artist:
- Umberto Boccioni
when:
- 1913
where:
- New York
medium:
- bronze
context:
- futurism
- represents a man striding vigorously, as if with a definite goal in mind

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title:
- Broadway Boogie Woogie
artist:
- Piet Mondrian
when:
- 1942-43
where:
- New York
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- expressionism & cubism
- this was one in a series of pictures that he executed in small squares and rectangles of color
- the author synthesized Expressionist exuberance with Cubist order and control

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title:
- “Nude Descending on a Staircase”
artist:
- Marcel Duchamp
when:
- 1912
where:
- Philadelphia Museum of Art
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- futurism/cubism
- most scandelous work of the armory show, which caused an uproar in itself
- it was a humorous attack on futurist proscriptions against traditional academic nudity

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title:
- Lucky Strike
artist:
- Stuart Davis
when:
- 1921
where:
- New York
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- pop art
- synthetic cubism
- flattened cigarette box influenced by collage
- artist was lifetime smoker, fond of the image of smoking
  - also designed the first abstract postage stamp for the US in 1964

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title:
- From Slavery Through Reconstruction
artist:
- Aaron Douglas
when:
- 1934
where:
- New York Public Library
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- cubism
- depicts three events following the American civil war
  - rejoicing in the news of the Emancipation Proclamation
  - success of black men
  - union army leaves the south- reconstruction with its anti-Black backlash follows

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title:
- Black Square
artist:
- Kazimir Malevich
when:
- 1929
where:
- Moscow, Russia
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- suprematism
- was an expression of the cosmic, of pure feeling, and the white was the void beyond feeling
- aim was to achieve the mystical through pure form

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title:
- Ready-made
artist:
- Marcel Duchamp
when:
- 1917
where:
- New York
medium:
- photo
context:
- dada
- Duchamps most outrageous ready-made
- took a urinal and turned it upside down
- when the society he submitted it to rejected it, he resigned his membership

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title:
- Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance
artist:
- Jean (Hans) Arp
when:
- 1916-17
where:
- NY
medium:
- TORN AND PASTED PAPER
context:
- dada

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title:
- Le Violin d’Ingres
artist:
- Man Ray
when:
- 1924
- Surrealism
where:
- Paris, France
medium:
- PHOTOGRAPH REWORKED W/ PENCIL AND INK
context:
- most famous photograph
- Dada/Surrealism: combines dada wordplay with Surrealist imagery

title:
- The Persistence of Memory
artist:
- Salvador Dali
when:
- 1931
where:
- NY
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- portrays the uncanny quality of certain dreams

title:
- Time Transfixed (La Duree poignardee)
artist:
- Rene Magritte
when:
- 1938
where:
- Chicago
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- surrealism
- juxtaposed to familiar objects to create the unfamiliar

title:
- Reclining Figure
artist:
- Henry Moore
when:
- 1957-1958
where:
- Paris, France
medium:
- Roman travertine
context:
- Surrealism
- the author condisered the mountainous quality of the forms and the majestic character of the upright head and torso a fitting metaphor for the noble aims of the United Nations

title:
- Big Red
artist:
- Alexander Calder
when:
- 1959
where:
- NY
medium:
- PAINTED SHEET METAL AND STEEL WIRE
context:
- surrealism

title:
- American Gothic
artist:
- Grant Wood
when:
- 1930
where:
- Chicago
medium:
- oil on BEAVERBOARD
context:
- regionalism
- reflects the Regionalists interest in provincial America and their isolation from the European avant-garde

title:
- Gas
artist:
- Edward Hopper
when:
- 1940
where:
- NY
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- regionalism or social realist
- for the artist, the road is a symbol of travel and time, and it continues to go beyond the frame

title:
- Migratory Cotton Picker
artist:
- Dorothea Lange
when:
- 1940
where:
- Arizona
medium:
- GELATIN-SILVER PRINT
context:
- regionalism or social realism
- the author was commited to conveying the desired social message

title:
- Thinking about Death
artist:
- Frida Kahlo
when:
- 1943
where:
- Private collection
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- surrealism
- a picture of the artist’s third wife
- she was in constant pain due to having to always wear a back brace- and the author showed this

title:
- “Black and White”
artist:
- Georgia O’Keefe
when:
- 1930
where:
- NY
medium
- oil on canvas
context:
- not sure of particular stylist category
- abstract depiction of various textures, motion, and form, without any reference to recognizable objects

title:
- The Gate
artist:
- Hans Hoffman
when:
- 1959-1960
where:
- NY
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- american abstraction
- architectural construction in paint
- nature was the source of the authors inspiration and the artists mind transformed nature into a new creation

title:
- Study for Homage to the Square
artist:
- Josef Albers
when:
- 1968
where:
- NY
medium:
- oil on MASONITE
context:
- american abstraction
- during investigation of light and color perception, the artist focused on the square because he believes that it is the shape furthest removed from nature

title:
- White Light
artist:
- Jackson Pollock
when:
- 1954
where:
- ny
medium:
- OIL, ENAMEL, and ALUMINUM PAINT ON CANVAS
context:
- action painting
- elimates all reference to recognizable objects

title:
- Woman and Bicycle
artist:
- Willem de Kooning
when:
- 1952-1953
where:
- ny
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- action painting
- the artist only eliminates recognizable subject matter from his iconography until late in his career

title:
- Number 15
artist:
- Mark Rothko
when:
- 1957
where:
- ny
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- action painting?
- attempts to transcend material reality
- rothko’s striving for freedom from the familiar is evident in the absense of recognizable forms in painting such as this one

title:
- Spectrum III
artist:
- Ellsworth Kelly
when:
- 1967
where:
- Private collection
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- color field painting
- bands of color create a temporal sequence of visual movement through the spectrum

title:
- Ocean Park No. 129
artist:
- Richard Diebenkorn
when:
- 1984
where:
- Private collection
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- color field painting

title:
- Black Wall
artist:
- Louise Nevelson
when:
- 1959
where:
- London, England
medium:
- WOOD
context:
- abstract expressionism

title:
- Black Market
artist:
- Robert Rauschenberg
when:
- 1961
where:
- Germany
medium:
- CANVAS, WOOD, METAL, AND OIL PAINT
context:
- pop art
- combines elements of painting, photography, and sculpture

title:
- Campbell’s Soup (Tomato)
artist:
- Andy Warhol
when:
- 1968
where:
- ny
medium:
- one from a portfolio of SCREENPRINTS ON PAPER
context:
- pop art
- illustrates the authors taste for commercial images

title:
- Torpedo. . . Los!
artist:
- Roy Lichtenstein
when:
- 1963
where:
- Estate of Roy Lichtenstein
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- pop art
- blowup inspired by a war comic

title:
- Thirteen Books
artist:
- Wayne Thiebaud
when:
- 1992
where:
- ny
medium:
- oil on PANEL
context:
- pop art

title:
- Clothespin
artist:
- Claes Oldenburg
when:
- 1976
where:
- Philadelphia
medium:
- COR-TEN AND STAINLESS STEEL
context:
- pop art sculpture?
- one of several “projects for colossal monuments” based on everyday objects
- has an anthropomorphic quality

title:
- Aubade (Dawn)
artist:
- Bridget Riley
when:
- 1975
where:
- private collection
medium:
- ACRYLIC ON LINEN
context:
- op art
- the artists work relies on two effects
  - producing a hallucinatory illusion of movement
  - encouraging the viewer to focus on a particular area before using secondary shapes and patterns to intrude and disturb the original perception

title:
- Untitled
artist:
- Donald Judd
when:
- 1967
where:
- ny
medium:
- GREEN LACQUER ON GALVANIZED IRON
context:
- minimalism
  - industrial materials

title:
- Untitled #9
artist:
- Agnes Martin
when:
- 1990
where:
- ny
medium:
- SYNTHETIC POLYMER AND GRAPHITE ON CANVAS
context:
- minimalism

title:
- Wall Drawing No. 681 C
artist:
- Sol LeWitt
when:
- 1993
where:
- Washington, D.C.
medium:
- COLOR INK WASHES (WALL INSTALLATION)
context:
- conceptualism
- wall divided vertically into four equal squares separated and bordered by black bands
  - within each square, bands in one of four directions, each with color ink washes superimposed

title:
- Coyote, I Like America and America Likes Me
artist:
- Joseph Beuys
when:
- 1974
where:
- ny
context:
- action sculpture
- one view of a weeklong sequence
- one of his most famous action sculptures
- the artist arrived in NY and he and a live coyote performed the sculpture on the floor of the gallery

title:
- Self-Portrait
artist:
- Chuck Close
when:
- 1997
where:
- ny
medium:
- oil on canvas
context:
- realism
- first artist in history to produce a large body of work consisting of portraits of artists, including himself

title:
- The Cowboy
artist:
- Duane Hanson
when:
- 1995
medium:
- POLYESTER RESIN POLYCHROMED IN OIL
context:
- realism
- life size, assumes traditional contrapposto pose
- when the mold was broken, the figure was painted and dressed in actual clothing

title:
- The Singing Sculpture
artist:
- Gilbert and George
when:
- 1971
where:
- ny
context:
- realism performance
- mimed in slow-motion to a recording of an old English music-hall song while standing on a low platform

title:
- Spiral Jetty
artist:
- Robert Smithson
when:
- April 1970
where:
- Great Salt Lake, Utah
medium:
- MUD, PRECIPITATED SALT CRYSTALS, ROCKS, WATER, COIL
context:
- environmental art
- best-known earthwork
- financed by two art galleries, the author took a 20 year lease on 10 acres of land, hired a contractor to bulldoze some 6000 tons of earth

title:
- Icicles
artist:
- Andy Goldsworthy
when:
- 1987
where:
- Scotland
context:
- environmental art
- starlike burst of icicles radiating from a central point and balanced on a natural rock

title:
- The Gates, Project for Central Park, New York City
artist:
- Christo and Jeanne
when:
- 1979-2005
where:
- ny
medium:
- steel gates, orange fabric
context:
- environmental art

title:
- CARBON/OXYGEN
artist:
- Jean-Michel Basquiat
when:
- 1984
where:
- Switzerland
medium:
- ACRYLIC, OILSTICK, and SILKSCREEN ON CANVAS
context:
- environment art
- converys the frenetic pace and mortal dangers of the city

title:
- Self-Portrait
artist:
- Robert Mapplethorpe
when:
- 1980
where:
- Cincinnati
medium:
- UNIQUE GELATIN SILVER PRINT
context:
- published ten years later
- was sued by the Cincinnati Citizens for Community Values because it represents his homosexual identification

title:
- Untitled (Selections from Truisms, Inflammatory Essays, The Living Series, The Survival Series, Under a Rock, Laments, and Mother and Child Text)
artist:
- Jenny Holzer
when:
- 1989
where:
- ny
medium:
- EXTENDED HELICAL TRICOLOR LED ELECTRONIC-DISPLAY SIGNBOARD
context:
- program consisting of 105 minutes and some 330 verbal messages

title:
- Cremaster 4: The Loughton Candidate
artist:
- Matthew Barney
when:
- 1994
where:
- ny
medium:
- COLOR PHOTOGRAPH IN CAST PLASTIC FRAME
context:
- the artist created a number of sculptures depicting mutating species and shifting genders
- nearly all of his work is based on the human figure and is influenced by issues in modern biology

title:
- The Dinner Party
artist:
- Judy Chicago
when:
- 1974-79
where:
- Chicago
medium:
- MIXED MEDIA
context:
- feminist art
- artist cofounded the first feminist art program in the US
- created this with the assistance of hundreds of female coworkers
- triangular feminist version of Leonardo’s The Last Supper

title:
- Mary Magdalene
artist:
- Kiki Smith
when:
- 1994
medium:
- CAST SILICON BRONZE AND FORGED STEEL
context:
- traditional Christian subject rendered in a new light
- edition 2 of 3 plus 1 artist proof

title:
- Slavery! Slavery!
artist:
- Kara Walker
when:
- 1997
medium:
- CUT PAPER AND ADHESIVE ON WALL
context:
- address the history of Blacks in America as well as present day issues

title:
- Vietnam Veterans Memorial
artist:
- Maya Lin
when:
- 1981-83
where:
- Washington D.C.
medium:
- TWO WINGS OF POLISHED GRANITE
context:
- Lin designed this monument when she was a student at the Yale School of Architecture
- lists the names of every american killed in the Vietnam war
  *

title:
- Untitled
artist:
- Cindy Sherman
when:
- 1989
where:
- ny
medium:
- COLOR PHOTOGRAPH
context:
- artists photograph of herself as Raphael’s Fornarina

title:
- The Crossing
artist:
- Bill Viola
when:
- 1996
where:
- ny
medium:
- FIRE STILL
context:
- shows man simultaneously walking towards the viewer

title:
- The Crossing
artist:
- Bill Viola
when:
- 1996
where:
- ny
medium:
- WATER STILL
context:
- shows human walking towards viewer
- the video can also be seen as a metaphor for the dissolution of the figure with the rise of abstraction