Test 4 Panc/Liver

Question 1

What do the enzymes of the pancreas do?

Answer 1

-Convert Fats
-Neutralize gastric acids
-Digests proteins

(Note: NOT destroy intestinal bacteria)

Question 2

Where are pancreatic pseudocysts most typically found?

Answer 2

In the lesser sac

Question 3

The pancreatic duct terminates at…

Answer 3

the ampulla of vater

Question 4

What will you see at the posterior border of the pancreas?

Answer 4

Splenic vein

Question 5

Insulin is produced by the…

Answer 5

Islets of Langerhans

Question 6

Three vessels that directly/indirectly feed the pancreas:

Answer 6

Gastroduodenal artery
Splenic artery
Superior mesenteric artery

(Note: NOT renal artery)

Question 7

True/False:

Pancreatic pseudocyst maturation is usually complete 4-6 weeks after the initial episode of pancreatitis.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the most common congenital pancreatic anomaly which results from failure of the dorsal and central pancreatic buds to fuse

Answer 8

Pancreatic divisum

Question 9

True/False:

The exocrine function of the pancreas occurs in the islets of langerhans

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What may help make it possible to visualize the pancreas:

Answer 10

• Angling the transducer through the left lobe of the liver toward the pancreas
• ??
• ??
  (Note: NOT Scanning after the patient has stimulated the flow of pancreatic juices by eating)

Question 11

An elevated blood glucose level is found in severe diabetes in as well as in…

Answer 11

Chronic liver disease

Question 12

The pancreatic head may demonstrate the gastroduodenal artery in its ________ aspect.

Answer 12

anterior

Question 13

The pancreatic head is ________ to the inferior vena cava

Answer 13

anterior

Question 14

The pancreatic body is ________ to the left renal vein

Answer 14

anterior

(Note: no answers are posterior for this ?)

Question 15

In the setting of acute pancreatitis _______ enzyme will rise first and ________ will remain elevated for a longer period of time.

Answer 15

Amylase, Lipase

Question 16

True/False

Endocrine organs secrete their hormones into a duct.

Answer 16

False.

Question 17

The normal size of the pancreatic duct at the body is equal or less than:

Answer 17

2 mm

Question 18

What is the prominent vascular structure just posterior to the pancreatic neck?

Answer 18

Portal-splenic confluence.

Question 19

What is the persistance of the embryonic dorsal and ventral pancreas w the bead encircling the duodenum?

Answer 19

Annular pancreas

Question 20

Function of Lipase Enzyme:

Answer 20

Breaks down fat

Question 21

What is the function of the enzyme Tyrpsin?

Answer 21

Breaks down proteins to amino acids

Question 22

What is the function of the enzyme Amylase?

Answer 22

Breaks down complex carbohydrates

Question 23

Name three risk factors of acute pancreatitis **Written

Answer 23

Metabolic disorders
Pancreatic carcinoma
Parasitic infections

Question 24

List three characteristics of a pancreatic pseudocyst

Answer 24

Well defined walls
Color Doppler not shown internally
Round or oval in shape

Question 25

In the setting of acute pancreatitis there are several lab values that may be elevated. Other than amylase, lipase, and white blood cells, what two may we see elevated in the setting of an obstruction?

Answer 25

Bilirubin and ALP (Biliary obstruction)

Question 26

The renal cortex contains:

Answer 26

Bowmans’s capsule

Question 27

What is immediately outside the renal capsule?

Answer 27

Perinephric fat

Question 28

The apex of the renal pyramids point toward the _____?

Answer 28

Renal sinus

Question 29

Urinary bladder wall thickness is considered normal when it measures:

Answer 29

less than 3 mm if well-distended.

Question 30

Blood leaves the glomerulus through which vessel?

Answer 30

Efferent Arteriole

Question 31

The renal arcuate arteries may be seen in what area of the kidney?

Answer 31

Corticomedullary junction

Question 32

Which condition is most likely to mimic a duplicated collecting system?

Answer 32

Hypertrophied column of Bertin

Question 33

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 33

Nephron

Question 34

Urine formation involves what 3 processes?

Answer 34

Globular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.

Question 35

Which lab test is most specific for renal dysfunction?

Answer 35

Serum creatinine

Question 36

The muscle group that runs just lateral to the spine, coursing posterior medial to the kidneys in the _____

Answer 36

Psoas

Question 37

Renal congenital anomalies include all of the following:

Answer 37

Pelvic kidney Malposition Agenesis (Note: NOT Renal calculi)

Question 38

True/False The kidneys are paired retroperitoneal organs

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What is a result if the fetal subkidneys fail to fuse?

Answer 39

Hypertrophied column of Bertin

Question 40

What are three risk factors for the development of renal calcifications?

Answer 40

Hypercalcemia Dehydration High protein fat (Note: NOT female gender over male gender)

Question 41

A 16 y/o male presented to the ER after being in a motor vehicle accident. He is complaining of right flank pain. You perform a renal ultrasound on him and you find the image below demonstrating a hypoechoic wedge shaped defect. What is this most likely representing?

Answer 41

Renal infarction

Question 42

True/False: Posterior urethral valves happens exclusively in males

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Pathologies that result in ________ such as primary hyperparathyroidism put you at greater risk of developing urolithiasis

Answer 43

Hypercalcemia (Too much calcium)

Question 44

80% of all uteral stones that become lodged will be stuck where?

Answer 44

UVJ

Question 45

True/False Gerotas fascia encompasses the kidneys, adrenals, and perirenal fat.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

What structure(s) transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder?

Answer 46

Ureters

Question 47

List two extrinsic factors that could lead to obstructive uropathy.

Answer 47

Pregnancy and fibrosis

Question 48

In a sagittal scanning plane, the right renal artery can be seen as a(n)

Answer 48

Round structure posterior to the longitudinal IVC

Question 49

Which renal pathology is indistinguishable from renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 49

Renal adenoma

Question 50

True/False The dromedary hump anomaly is exclusively found on the right side of the

Answer 50

False

Question 51

When will you see a decrease in a patients BUN?

Answer 51

Overhydration

Question 52

The pancreatic duct joins with:

Answer 52

The distal portion of the CBD