Test 4 Panc/Liver Flashcards

1
Q

What do the enzymes of the pancreas do?

A

-Convert Fats
-Neutralize gastric acids
-Digests proteins

(Note: NOT destroy intestinal bacteria)

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2
Q

Where are pancreatic pseudocysts most typically found?

A

In the lesser sac

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3
Q

The pancreatic duct terminates at…

A

the ampulla of vater

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4
Q

What will you see at the posterior border of the pancreas?

A

Splenic vein

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5
Q

Insulin is produced by the…

A

Islets of Langerhans

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6
Q

Three vessels that directly/indirectly feed the pancreas:

A

Gastroduodenal artery
Splenic artery
Superior mesenteric artery

(Note: NOT renal artery)

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7
Q

True/False:

Pancreatic pseudocyst maturation is usually complete 4-6 weeks after the initial episode of pancreatitis.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the most common congenital pancreatic anomaly which results from failure of the dorsal and central pancreatic buds to fuse

A

Pancreatic divisum

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9
Q

True/False:

The exocrine function of the pancreas occurs in the islets of langerhans

A

False

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10
Q

What may help make it possible to visualize the pancreas:

A
  • Angling the transducer through the left lobe of the liver toward the pancreas
  • ??
  • ??
    (Note: NOT Scanning after the patient has stimulated the flow of pancreatic juices by eating)
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11
Q

An elevated blood glucose level is found in severe diabetes in as well as in…

A

Chronic liver disease

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12
Q

The pancreatic head may demonstrate the gastroduodenal artery in its ________ aspect.

A

anterior

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13
Q

The pancreatic head is ________ to the inferior vena cava

A

anterior

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14
Q

The pancreatic body is ________ to the left renal vein

A

anterior

(Note: no answers are posterior for this ?)

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15
Q

In the setting of acute pancreatitis _______ enzyme will rise first and ________ will remain elevated for a longer period of time.

A

Amylase, Lipase

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16
Q

True/False

Endocrine organs secrete their hormones into a duct.

A

False.

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17
Q

The normal size of the pancreatic duct at the body is equal or less than:

A

2 mm

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18
Q

What is the prominent vascular structure just posterior to the pancreatic neck?

A

Portal-splenic confluence.

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19
Q

What is the persistance of the embryonic dorsal and ventral pancreas w the bead encircling the duodenum?

A

Annular pancreas

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20
Q

Function of Lipase Enzyme:

A

Breaks down fat

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21
Q

What is the function of the enzyme Tyrpsin?

A

Breaks down proteins to amino acids

22
Q

What is the function of the enzyme Amylase?

A

Breaks down complex carbohydrates

23
Q

Name three risk factors of acute pancreatitis **Written

A

Metabolic disorders
Pancreatic carcinoma
Parasitic infections

24
Q

List three characteristics of a pancreatic pseudocyst

A

Well defined walls
Color Doppler not shown internally
Round or oval in shape

25
In the setting of acute pancreatitis there are several lab values that may be elevated. Other than amylase, lipase, and white blood cells, what two may we see elevated in the setting of an obstruction?
Bilirubin and ALP (Biliary obstruction)
26
The renal cortex contains:
Bowmans’s capsule
27
What is immediately outside the renal capsule?
Perinephric fat
28
The apex of the renal pyramids point toward the _____?
Renal sinus
29
Urinary bladder wall thickness is considered normal when it measures:
less than 3 mm if well-distended.
30
Blood leaves the glomerulus through which vessel?
Efferent Arteriole
31
The renal arcuate arteries may be seen in what area of the kidney?
Corticomedullary junction
32
Which condition is most likely to mimic a duplicated collecting system?
Hypertrophied column of Bertin
33
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
34
Urine formation involves what 3 processes?
Globular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.
35
Which lab test is most specific for renal dysfunction?
Serum creatinine
36
The muscle group that runs just lateral to the spine, coursing posterior medial to the kidneys in the _____
Psoas
37
Renal congenital anomalies include all of the following:
Pelvic kidney Malposition Agenesis (Note: NOT Renal calculi)
38
True/False The kidneys are paired retroperitoneal organs
True
39
What is a result if the fetal subkidneys fail to fuse?
Hypertrophied column of Bertin
40
What are three risk factors for the development of renal calcifications?
Hypercalcemia Dehydration High protein fat (Note: NOT female gender over male gender)
41
A 16 y/o male presented to the ER after being in a motor vehicle accident. He is complaining of right flank pain. You perform a renal ultrasound on him and you find the image below demonstrating a hypoechoic wedge shaped defect. What is this most likely representing?
Renal infarction
42
True/False: Posterior urethral valves happens exclusively in males
True
43
Pathologies that result in ________ such as primary hyperparathyroidism put you at greater risk of developing urolithiasis
Hypercalcemia (Too much calcium)
44
80% of all uteral stones that become lodged will be stuck where?
UVJ
45
True/False Gerotas fascia encompasses the kidneys, adrenals, and perirenal fat.
True
46
What structure(s) transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder?
Ureters
47
List two extrinsic factors that could lead to obstructive uropathy.
Pregnancy and fibrosis
48
In a sagittal scanning plane, the right renal artery can be seen as a(n)
Round structure posterior to the longitudinal IVC
49
Which renal pathology is indistinguishable from renal cell carcinoma?
Renal adenoma
50
True/False The dromedary hump anomaly is exclusively found on the right side of the
False
51
When will you see a decrease in a patients BUN?
Overhydration
52
The pancreatic duct joins with:
The distal portion of the CBD