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Abdomen I Sonography > Test 4 Panc/Liver > Flashcards

Test 4 Panc/Liver Flashcards

1
Q

What do the enzymes of the pancreas do?

A

-Convert Fats
-Neutralize gastric acids
-Digests proteins

(Note: NOT destroy intestinal bacteria)

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2
Q

Where are pancreatic pseudocysts most typically found?

A

In the lesser sac

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3
Q

The pancreatic duct terminates at…

A

the ampulla of vater

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4
Q

What will you see at the posterior border of the pancreas?

A

Splenic vein

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5
Q

Insulin is produced by the…

A

Islets of Langerhans

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6
Q

Three vessels that directly/indirectly feed the pancreas:

A

Gastroduodenal artery
Splenic artery
Superior mesenteric artery

(Note: NOT renal artery)

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7
Q

True/False:

Pancreatic pseudocyst maturation is usually complete 4-6 weeks after the initial episode of pancreatitis.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the most common congenital pancreatic anomaly which results from failure of the dorsal and central pancreatic buds to fuse

A

Pancreatic divisum

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9
Q

True/False:

The exocrine function of the pancreas occurs in the islets of langerhans

A

False

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10
Q

What may help make it possible to visualize the pancreas:

A
  • Angling the transducer through the left lobe of the liver toward the pancreas
  • ??
  • ??
    (Note: NOT Scanning after the patient has stimulated the flow of pancreatic juices by eating)
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11
Q

An elevated blood glucose level is found in severe diabetes in as well as in…

A

Chronic liver disease

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12
Q

The pancreatic head may demonstrate the gastroduodenal artery in its ________ aspect.

A

anterior

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13
Q

The pancreatic head is ________ to the inferior vena cava

A

anterior

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14
Q

The pancreatic body is ________ to the left renal vein

A

anterior

(Note: no answers are posterior for this ?)

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15
Q

In the setting of acute pancreatitis _______ enzyme will rise first and ________ will remain elevated for a longer period of time.

A

Amylase, Lipase

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16
Q

True/False

Endocrine organs secrete their hormones into a duct.

A

False.

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17
Q

The normal size of the pancreatic duct at the body is equal or less than:

A

2 mm

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18
Q

What is the prominent vascular structure just posterior to the pancreatic neck?

A

Portal-splenic confluence.

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19
Q

What is the persistance of the embryonic dorsal and ventral pancreas w the bead encircling the duodenum?

A

Annular pancreas

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20
Q

Function of Lipase Enzyme:

A

Breaks down fat

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21
Q

What is the function of the enzyme Tyrpsin?

A

Breaks down proteins to amino acids

22
Q

What is the function of the enzyme Amylase?

A

Breaks down complex carbohydrates

23
Q

Name three risk factors of acute pancreatitis **Written

A

Metabolic disorders
Pancreatic carcinoma
Parasitic infections

24
Q

List three characteristics of a pancreatic pseudocyst

A

Well defined walls
Color Doppler not shown internally
Round or oval in shape

25
Q

In the setting of acute pancreatitis there are several lab values that may be elevated. Other than amylase, lipase, and white blood cells, what two may we see elevated in the setting of an obstruction?

A

Bilirubin and ALP

(Biliary obstruction)

26
Q

The renal cortex contains:

A

Bowmans’s capsule

27
Q

What is immediately outside the renal capsule?

A

Perinephric fat

28
Q

The apex of the renal pyramids point toward the _____?

A

Renal sinus

29
Q

Urinary bladder wall thickness is considered normal when it measures:

A

less than 3 mm if well-distended.

30
Q

Blood leaves the glomerulus through which vessel?

A

Efferent Arteriole

31
Q

The renal arcuate arteries may be seen in what area of the kidney?

A

Corticomedullary junction

32
Q

Which condition is most likely to mimic a duplicated collecting system?

A

Hypertrophied column of Bertin

33
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

34
Q

Urine formation involves what 3 processes?

A

Globular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.

35
Q

Which lab test is most specific for renal dysfunction?

A

Serum creatinine

36
Q

The muscle group that runs just lateral to the spine, coursing posterior medial to the kidneys in the _____

A

Psoas

37
Q

Renal congenital anomalies include all of the following:

A

Pelvic kidney
Malposition
Agenesis

(Note: NOT Renal calculi)

38
Q

True/False

The kidneys are paired retroperitoneal organs

A

True

39
Q

What is a result if the fetal subkidneys fail to fuse?

A

Hypertrophied column of Bertin

40
Q

What are three risk factors for the development of renal calcifications?

A

Hypercalcemia
Dehydration
High protein fat

(Note: NOT female gender over male gender)

41
Q

A 16 y/o male presented to the ER after being in a motor vehicle accident. He is complaining of right flank pain. You perform a renal ultrasound on him and you find the image below demonstrating a hypoechoic wedge shaped defect. What is this most likely representing?

A

Renal infarction

42
Q

True/False:
Posterior urethral valves happens exclusively in males

A

True

43
Q

Pathologies that result in ________ such as primary hyperparathyroidism put you at greater risk of developing urolithiasis

A

Hypercalcemia

(Too much calcium)

44
Q

80% of all uteral stones that become lodged will be stuck where?

A

UVJ

45
Q

True/False
Gerotas fascia encompasses the kidneys, adrenals, and perirenal fat.

A

True

46
Q

What structure(s) transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder?

A

Ureters

47
Q

List two extrinsic factors that could lead to obstructive uropathy.

A

Pregnancy and fibrosis

48
Q

In a sagittal scanning plane, the right renal artery can be seen as a(n)

A

Round structure posterior to the longitudinal IVC

49
Q

Which renal pathology is indistinguishable from renal cell carcinoma?

A

Renal adenoma

50
Q

True/False

The dromedary hump anomaly is exclusively found on the right side of the

A

False

51
Q

When will you see a decrease in a patients BUN?

A

Overhydration

52
Q

The pancreatic duct joins with:

A

The distal portion of the CBD

Abdomen I Sonography (4 decks)

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