ABD FINAL — Fall 2024 Flashcards
1
Q
- What is another name for the epiploic foramen?
A
Foramen of Winslow
2
Q
- What hangs over the intestines like an apron?
A
The greater omentum
3
Q
- What is the smooth membrane that lines the entire abdominal cavity and is reflected over the contained organs?
A
Peritoneum
4
Q
- The right kidney is in contact with the:
A
Liver, colon, and adrenal gland.
5
Q
- What is immediately outside the renal capsule?
A
Perinephric fat
6
Q
- Which vessels carry the majority of the blood supply to the liver?
A
Portal veins
7
Q
- Which vessel courses within line with the main lobar fissure?
A
Middle hepatic vein
8
Q
- Which space contains the aorta?
A
Retroperitoneal
9
Q
- What best describes the location of the first part of the duodenum?
A
Intraperitoneal
10
Q
- What best describes the location of the descending colon?
A
Retroperitoneal
11
Q
- What structure passes between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta?
A
Left renal vein
12
Q
- What is the normal relationship of the gallbladder to the right kidney?
A
The right kidney is posterior to the gallbladder
13
Q
- On transverse scans, the fundus of the gallbladder presents as a(an) ____
A
Circular echo-free structure
14
Q
- The lesser sac:
A
Is a diverticulum of the greater sac located posterior to the stomach
15
Q
- The normal adult liver should be ____ cm or less to be considered normal size
A
16 cm
16
Q
- Which is an endocrine product of the pancreas?
A
Somatosatin
17
Q
- What are three true factors regarding the celiac artery?
A
-First anterior branch off aorta
-Has three branches; the common hepatic, splenic, and left gastric arteries
-the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac artery may share a common trunk at their origin
(NOTE: the celiac artery does NOT originate from the posterolateral wall of the abdominal aorta)
18
Q
- What forms the posterior border of the pancreas?
A
Splenic vein
19
Q
- The primary duct that extends the entire length of the pancreas is the:
A
Duct of Wirsung
20
Q
- The gonadal arteries arise from the aorta superior to the:
A
Inferior mesenteric artery
21
Q
- Arteries that supply organs that require constant perfusion display which type of spectral waveform?
A
Low resistant
22
Q
- In a sagittal scanning plane, the right renal artery can be seen as a(n)
A
Round, short axis structure posterior to the longitudinal IVC
23
Q
- Where should the transducer be placed to visualize the common iliac veins?
A
Near the umbilicus
24
Q
- In which portion of the gallbladder would you find a Hartmans pouch?
A
Neck
25
27. The most efficient method to differentiate a bile duct from other structures is:
By the use of color Doppler.
26
28. The renal parenchyma is made up of:
Cortex and the medulla
27
29. Which ligament connects the anterior abdominal wall to the liver?
Falciform ligament
28
30. What does Glissons capsule cover?
The liver and portal vessels
29
31. What substance is elevated in the serum approximately 12 hrs after an insult to the pancreas but decreases to normal 24-36 hours after the insult?
Amylase
30
32. What is the expected sonographic appearance of the pancreas of a 70 year old patient ?
HypERechoic to a normal liver
31
33. What is the test for renal glomerular filtration?
Creatinine clearance
32
34. The spleen is
The largest organ containing lymphoid tissue in the body
33
35. What. Is the expected shape of the right adrenal gland ?
Triangle shape
34
36. What are 4 structures that are commonly mistaken for an adrenal gland?
Diaphragmatic crus
Upper pole renal mass
Accessory spleen
Tail of the pancreas
Note: NOT Quadrate lobe of the liver
35
37. Which hormones regulates electrolytes, sodium, and potassium levels?
Mineralocorticoids
36
38. What portion of the adrenal gland secretes catacholamines?
Medulla
37
39. Which condition is most likely to mimic a duplicated collecting system?
Hypertrophied column of Bertin
38
40. True/False
The gallbladder remains stationary despite changes in the patients position.
False
39
41. Which ligament is the obliterated remnant of the fetal umbilical vein?
Ligamentum teres
40
42. What does the liver metabolize?
Fats, carbohydrates, and proteins
41
43. Kupffer cells:
Phagocytosis cells lining the walls of hepatic sinusoids
42
44. Which lab test will show a decrease with hepatocellular disease?
albumin
43
45. What is the name for the folds in the inner layer of the large intestine?
Haustra
44
46. What is an annular pancreas?
Pancreatic head encircles in the duodenum
45
47. What structure(s) transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder?
Ureters
46
48. Function of the kidneys:
Regulating acid-base balance
47
49. Cholecystokinin is administered to a patient. Which of the following do you expect to occur if the study is normal?
Gallbladder will contract.
48
50. Which is the outer zone of the adrenal cortex?
Zone glomerulosa
49
51. Where is insulin produced?
Islets of Langerhans
50
52. **WRITTEN**
What is a common cause of ascites?
Cirrhosis of the liver
51
53. **WRITTEN**
This liver pathology will force you to decrease your frequency
Fatty infiltration
52
55. True/False
The anterior curl-de-sac is also known as the vesicouterine pouch in male patients.
False
53
56. You are performing a sonogram on a slender female and notice a long, thin extension of the inferior aspect of the right lobe of the liver. This most likely represents:
Reidels lobe
54
57. Where are the splenic cords found?
Red pulp.
55
58. What is the most likely sonographic finding when there is an occlusion of a segment of the splenic arterial supply?
Well defined wedge shaped lesion
56
60. You can find the left kidney at approximately what level?
11th rib
57
64. True/False
A patient can have inflammation of the gallbladder without having stones
True
58
65. Where is the white pulp of the spleen located?
Around the splenic Arterioles
59
66. True/False
A prolonged held breath will cause the IVC to dilate
True
60
67. When full the bladder wall should measure approximately ______cm
0.3 cm or 3 mm
61
68. What part of the gastrointestinal tract is posterior to the left lobe of the liver ad anterior to the aorta
Gastrointestinal junction
62
69. The normal gut signature :
Consists of up to 5 layers; layers 1, 3, & 5 echogenic and layers 2 & 4 are hypoechoic
63
70. What are three functions of the liver?
-secretion of bile
-formation and storage of glycogen
-storage of iron
Note: NOT -breakdown of rbc
64
71. Where does most of the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients take place?
Small intestine
65
72. The greater curvature of the stomach marks which border of the organ?
Inferior
66
73. What is the name for the folds in the inner layer of the stomach?
Rugae
67
74. Which segment of the duodenum lies lateral to the pancreatic head?
Second portion
68
75. The production of antibodies is a major function of what structure?
Spleen
69
76. What supplies nutrients to the muscular layer of the aorta?
Vaso vasorum
70
Place the four sections of the IVC in order:
Hepatic
Pre renal
Renal
Postrenal
71
78. Splenic vascular system:
Arteries within the spleen do not usually anastomose
72
79. What is the process that removes circulating erythrocytes that are “worn out” or defective?
Culling
73
80. What is true of normal gut compressibility?
Normal gut is compressible.
74
81. What is the term for the superior portion of the stomach?
Fundus
75
82. Where can valvular conniventes be found?
Small intestine
76
83. Where is the appendix located?
Right lower quadrant
77
84. What is the correct list, from inf to sup, identifying the veins that converge into the IVC?
Common iliac veins, lumbar veins, renal veins, right gonadal vein, hepatic veins
78
87. True/False
The diameter of the pancreatic duct is larger at the tail and narrows as it reaches the head
False
79
88. Three factors involved in the formation of urine:
-tubular secretion
-glomerular filtration
-tubular reabsorption
Note: NOT glomerular reabsorption
80
89. What scanning technique should be used with scanning the GI tract?
Graded compression
81
90. What does the small intestine empty into?
Cecum
82
91. Which vessel is the primary blood supply to the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum?
inferior mesenteric artery
83
92. What is the area lateral to the ascending colon where free fluid can collect?
Right paracolic gutter
84
93. What is a dromedary hump?
A common lobulation noted on the lateral border of the left kidney
85
94. Where are the valves of Hester located?
Cystic duct
86
95. What terminates at a major duodenal papilla?
Common bile duct
87
96. List one patient symptom of pleural effusion:
Shortness of breath (SOB)
