ABD FINAL — Fall 2024 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is another name for the epiploic foramen?
A

Foramen of Winslow

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2
Q
  1. What hangs over the intestines like an apron?
A

The greater omentum

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3
Q
  1. What is the smooth membrane that lines the entire abdominal cavity and is reflected over the contained organs?
A

Peritoneum

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4
Q
  1. The right kidney is in contact with the:
A

Liver, colon, and adrenal gland.

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5
Q
  1. What is immediately outside the renal capsule?
A

Perinephric fat

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6
Q
  1. Which vessels carry the majority of the blood supply to the liver?
A

Portal veins

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7
Q
  1. Which vessel courses within line with the main lobar fissure?
A

Middle hepatic vein

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8
Q
  1. Which space contains the aorta?
A

Retroperitoneal

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9
Q
  1. What best describes the location of the first part of the duodenum?
A

Intraperitoneal

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10
Q
  1. What best describes the location of the descending colon?
A

Retroperitoneal

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11
Q
  1. What structure passes between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta?
A

Left renal vein

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12
Q
  1. What is the normal relationship of the gallbladder to the right kidney?
A

The right kidney is posterior to the gallbladder

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13
Q
  1. On transverse scans, the fundus of the gallbladder presents as a(an) ____
A

Circular echo-free structure

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14
Q
  1. The lesser sac:
A

Is a diverticulum of the greater sac located posterior to the stomach

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15
Q
  1. The normal adult liver should be ____ cm or less to be considered normal size
A

16 cm

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16
Q
  1. Which is an endocrine product of the pancreas?
A

Somatosatin

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17
Q
  1. What are three true factors regarding the celiac artery?
A

-First anterior branch off aorta
-Has three branches; the common hepatic, splenic, and left gastric arteries
-the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac artery may share a common trunk at their origin

(NOTE: the celiac artery does NOT originate from the posterolateral wall of the abdominal aorta)

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18
Q
  1. What forms the posterior border of the pancreas?
A

Splenic vein

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19
Q
  1. The primary duct that extends the entire length of the pancreas is the:
A

Duct of Wirsung

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20
Q
  1. The gonadal arteries arise from the aorta superior to the:
A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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21
Q
  1. Arteries that supply organs that require constant perfusion display which type of spectral waveform?
A

Low resistant

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22
Q
  1. In a sagittal scanning plane, the right renal artery can be seen as a(n)
A

Round, short axis structure posterior to the longitudinal IVC

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23
Q
  1. Where should the transducer be placed to visualize the common iliac veins?
A

Near the umbilicus

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24
Q
  1. In which portion of the gallbladder would you find a Hartmans pouch?
A

Neck

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25
Q
  1. The most efficient method to differentiate a bile duct from other structures is:
A

By the use of color Doppler.

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26
Q
  1. The renal parenchyma is made up of:
A

Cortex and the medulla

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27
Q
  1. Which ligament connects the anterior abdominal wall to the liver?
A

Falciform ligament

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28
Q
  1. What does Glissons capsule cover?
A

The liver and portal vessels

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29
Q
  1. What substance is elevated in the serum approximately 12 hrs after an insult to the pancreas but decreases to normal 24-36 hours after the insult?
A

Amylase

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30
Q
  1. What is the expected sonographic appearance of the pancreas of a 70 year old patient ?
A

HypERechoic to a normal liver

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31
Q
  1. What is the test for renal glomerular filtration?
A

Creatinine clearance

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32
Q
  1. The spleen is
A

The largest organ containing lymphoid tissue in the body

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33
Q
  1. What. Is the expected shape of the right adrenal gland ?
A

Triangle shape

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34
Q
  1. What are 4 structures that are commonly mistaken for an adrenal gland?
A

Diaphragmatic crus
Upper pole renal mass
Accessory spleen
Tail of the pancreas

Note: NOT Quadrate lobe of the liver

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35
Q
  1. Which hormones regulates electrolytes, sodium, and potassium levels?
A

Mineralocorticoids

36
Q
  1. What portion of the adrenal gland secretes catacholamines?
A

Medulla

37
Q
  1. Which condition is most likely to mimic a duplicated collecting system?
A

Hypertrophied column of Bertin

38
Q
  1. True/False

The gallbladder remains stationary despite changes in the patients position.

A

False

39
Q
  1. Which ligament is the obliterated remnant of the fetal umbilical vein?
A

Ligamentum teres

40
Q
  1. What does the liver metabolize?
A

Fats, carbohydrates, and proteins

41
Q
  1. Kupffer cells:
A

Phagocytosis cells lining the walls of hepatic sinusoids

42
Q
  1. Which lab test will show a decrease with hepatocellular disease?
A

albumin

43
Q
  1. What is the name for the folds in the inner layer of the large intestine?
A

Haustra

44
Q
  1. What is an annular pancreas?
A

Pancreatic head encircles in the duodenum

45
Q
  1. What structure(s) transport urine from the renal pelvis into the urinary bladder?
A

Ureters

46
Q
  1. Function of the kidneys:
A

Regulating acid-base balance

47
Q
  1. Cholecystokinin is administered to a patient. Which of the following do you expect to occur if the study is normal?
A

Gallbladder will contract.

48
Q
  1. Which is the outer zone of the adrenal cortex?
A

Zone glomerulosa

49
Q
  1. Where is insulin produced?
A

Islets of Langerhans

50
Q
  1. WRITTEN
    What is a common cause of ascites?
A

Cirrhosis of the liver

51
Q
  1. WRITTEN

This liver pathology will force you to decrease your frequency

A

Fatty infiltration

52
Q
  1. True/False
    The anterior curl-de-sac is also known as the vesicouterine pouch in male patients.
A

False

53
Q
  1. You are performing a sonogram on a slender female and notice a long, thin extension of the inferior aspect of the right lobe of the liver. This most likely represents:
A

Reidels lobe

54
Q
  1. Where are the splenic cords found?
A

Red pulp.

55
Q
  1. What is the most likely sonographic finding when there is an occlusion of a segment of the splenic arterial supply?
A

Well defined wedge shaped lesion

56
Q
  1. You can find the left kidney at approximately what level?
A

11th rib

57
Q
  1. True/False
    A patient can have inflammation of the gallbladder without having stones
A

True

58
Q
  1. Where is the white pulp of the spleen located?
A

Around the splenic Arterioles

59
Q
  1. True/False

A prolonged held breath will cause the IVC to dilate

A

True

60
Q
  1. When full the bladder wall should measure approximately ______cm
A

0.3 cm or 3 mm

61
Q
  1. What part of the gastrointestinal tract is posterior to the left lobe of the liver ad anterior to the aorta
A

Gastrointestinal junction

62
Q
  1. The normal gut signature :
A

Consists of up to 5 layers; layers 1, 3, & 5 echogenic and layers 2 & 4 are hypoechoic

63
Q
  1. What are three functions of the liver?
A

-secretion of bile
-formation and storage of glycogen
-storage of iron

Note: NOT -breakdown of rbc

64
Q
  1. Where does most of the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients take place?
A

Small intestine

65
Q
  1. The greater curvature of the stomach marks which border of the organ?
A

Inferior

66
Q
  1. What is the name for the folds in the inner layer of the stomach?
A

Rugae

67
Q
  1. Which segment of the duodenum lies lateral to the pancreatic head?
A

Second portion

68
Q
  1. The production of antibodies is a major function of what structure?
A

Spleen

69
Q
  1. What supplies nutrients to the muscular layer of the aorta?
A

Vaso vasorum

70
Q

Place the four sections of the IVC in order:

A

Hepatic
Pre renal
Renal
Postrenal

71
Q
  1. Splenic vascular system:
A

Arteries within the spleen do not usually anastomose

72
Q
  1. What is the process that removes circulating erythrocytes that are “worn out” or defective?
A

Culling

73
Q
  1. What is true of normal gut compressibility?
A

Normal gut is compressible.

74
Q
  1. What is the term for the superior portion of the stomach?
A

Fundus

75
Q
  1. Where can valvular conniventes be found?
A

Small intestine

76
Q
  1. Where is the appendix located?
A

Right lower quadrant

77
Q
  1. What is the correct list, from inf to sup, identifying the veins that converge into the IVC?
A

Common iliac veins, lumbar veins, renal veins, right gonadal vein, hepatic veins

78
Q
  1. True/False
    The diameter of the pancreatic duct is larger at the tail and narrows as it reaches the head
A

False

79
Q
  1. Three factors involved in the formation of urine:
A

-tubular secretion
-glomerular filtration
-tubular reabsorption

Note: NOT glomerular reabsorption

80
Q
  1. What scanning technique should be used with scanning the GI tract?
A

Graded compression

81
Q
  1. What does the small intestine empty into?
A

Cecum

82
Q
  1. Which vessel is the primary blood supply to the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum?
A

inferior mesenteric artery

83
Q
  1. What is the area lateral to the ascending colon where free fluid can collect?
A

Right paracolic gutter

84
Q
  1. What is a dromedary hump?
A

A common lobulation noted on the lateral border of the left kidney

85
Q
  1. Where are the valves of Hester located?
A

Cystic duct

86
Q
  1. What terminates at a major duodenal papilla?
A

Common bile duct

87
Q
  1. List one patient symptom of pleural effusion:
A

Shortness of breath (SOB)