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Abdomen I Sonography > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What structure marks the anterior border of the caudate lobe of the liver?

A

Fissure for the ligamentum venosum

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2
Q

You are performing a sonogram on a slender female and notice a long, thin extension of the inferior aspect of the right lobe of the liver. What does this most likely represent?

A

Reidels Lobe

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3
Q

What is the function of the Kupffer cells of the liver?

A

Phagocytosis of bacteria

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4
Q

What is the triangular shaped echogenic structure that can be demonstrated in the left lobe of the liver?

A

Ligamentum teres

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5
Q

Which portion of the inferior vena cava is generally easier to visualize sonographically?

A

Retrohepatic portion

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6
Q

What is the main supporting structure of the liver?

A

Coronary ligament

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7
Q

Which is the thin capsule surrounding the liver?

A

Glissons capsule

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8
Q

Name three identifying features of the portal veins

A
  1. Their borders are usually more echogenic than hepatic veins
  2. They emanate from the porta hepatis
  3. Their coarse can be followed from the main portal vein to the two main branches, right & left.
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9
Q

Which vessel courses within line with the main lobar fissure?

A

Middle hepatic vein

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10
Q

What is the livers normal echogenic pattern?

A

Homogeneous throughout
Interrupted only by echoes emanating from the various vascular structures.

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11
Q

Which vessels carry the majority of the blood and nutrient supply to the liver?

A

Portal veins

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12
Q

The gallbladder fossa divides the liver into which two areas?

A

right lobe and quadrate lobe

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13
Q

Which ligament connects the anterior abdominal wall to the liver?

A

Falciform ligament

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14
Q

Name three functions of the liver

A
  1. Storage of iron
  2. Formation of clotting factors
  3. Storage of vitamins A and D
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15
Q

Name three things that indent the inferior surface of the liver?

A
  1. Hepatic flexure of the colon
  2. First part of the duodenum
  3. Right adrenal gland

Note: NOT head of the pancreas

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16
Q

What liver function test is the most specific indicator of biliary obstruction?

A

Alkaline phosphatase ALP

17
Q

Which lab test will show a decrease with hepatocellular disease?

A

Albumin

18
Q

Which serum lab tests is related to a blood clotting mechanism?

A

Prothrombin time

19
Q

Which liver function test is the most specific indicator of hepatocellular disease?

A

Alanine aminotransferase

20
Q

True/False

Fatty infiltration is a reversible condition of the liver

A

True

21
Q

What is the leading cause of cirrhosis worldwide?

A

Hepatitis B

22
Q

List two sonography appearances you can expect to find in the early stages of cirrhosis

A
  1. Fatty infiltration
  2. Hepatomegaly
23
Q

True/False

Cavernous hemangiomas are always found in the right lobe of the liver

A

False

24
Q

Where would you most likely find focal fatty sparing in the liver?

A

Right lobe anterior to the gallbladder

25
Q

What can you do to improve the visualization of the liver in the setting of fatty infiltration?

A

Lower the frequency

26
Q

Hepatomegaly should be expected if the craniocaudad mid-clavicular measurement through the right lobe is greater than ___________

A

16 cm

27
Q

True/False

The liver is a site for hemopoiesis in the adult liver

A

False

Hemopoiesis occurs in bone marrow

28
Q

The traditional lobar anatomic system divides the liver into how many lobes?

A

4

29
Q

Name three functions of a mature liver

A
  1. Blood reservoir
  2. Storage of copper
  3. Detoxification of hormones

Note: NOT production of Cholecystokinin

30
Q

What is an excretory product of the liver?

A

Bile

31
Q

Which lab test can be elevated by hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

AFP

(alpha fetoprotein test)

32
Q

Which structures course intersegmental in the liver?

A

Hepatic veins

33
Q

Which ligament is the obliterated remnant of the fetal umbilical vein ?

A

Ligamentum teres

34
Q

Name three metabolic functions of the liver:

A
  1. Steroid hormone metabolism
  2. Formation of vitamin A
  3. Storage of minerals and vitamins

Note: NOT synthesis of blood plasma proteins

Abdomen I Sonography (4 decks)

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