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Psychopharm > Test 4: Affective Disorders > Flashcards

Test 4: Affective Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

A person affected by this type of bipolar has had at least one manic episode in their life

A

bipolar I

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2
Q

A person affected by this type of bipolar has moods cycling between high and low, but the “up” moods never reach full on mania

A

bipolar II

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3
Q

In this type of bipolar, a person experiences 4+ episodes of mania or depression in one year

A

rapid cycling

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4
Q

in this type of bipolar, a person experiences both mania and depression simultaneously or in rapid sequence

A

mixed bipolar

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5
Q

this mood disorder is like bipolar, but has milder symptoms

A

cyclothymia

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6
Q

Genetics contributes __% to mood disorders

A

40-50

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7
Q

Genetics contributes __% to bipolar disorder

A

60-70

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8
Q

Which neurotransmitters modulate the ability of hypothalamic neurons to secrete corticotropin releasing factor?

A

GABA, NE, Ach

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9
Q

CRF increases the secretion of ___ from pituicytes in the anterior pituitary into the blood

A

ACTH

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10
Q

ATCH acts upon the ___ glands to increase release of cortisol

A

adrenal

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11
Q

cortisol normally [turns on/off] the stress response

A

off

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12
Q

Depressed patients have [increased/decreased] cortisol secretion in response to [increased/decreased] ACTH release

A

increased, increased

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13
Q

MAOIs and TCAs both [increase/decrease] biogenic amines

A

increase

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14
Q

common way to determine 5HT function is by measuring levels of metabolite __

A

5HTIAA

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15
Q

[lower/higher] amount of 5HTIAA in brain of depressed patients

A

lower

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16
Q

___ levels in blood measure 5HT function

A

tryptophan

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17
Q

unmedicated depression patients have an [increased/decreased] density of postsynaptic 5HT2

A

increased

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18
Q

amygdala [increase/decrease] correlates with severity of depression

A

increase

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19
Q

Acute ADs increase 5HT by [inhibiting/exciting] MAO

A

inhibiting

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20
Q

Chronic ADs result in pharmacodynamic [up/down regulation] of 5HT autoreceptors

A

down

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21
Q

T or F: polypharmacy is frequently used to increase clinical outcomes of affective disorders

A

true

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22
Q

Increase in clinical outcomes occurs usually __ weeks into AD treatment

A

4-6

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23
Q

MAO normally metabolizes which 3 monoamines not packaged into vesicles?

A

NE, DA, 5HT

24
Q

[Excitation/Inhibition] of MAO increases amount of monoamines available for packaging and release

A

inhibition

25
Q

In which two places does MAO mechanism of action occur?

A

synaptic terminal and cleft

26
Q

Though one dose of MAOI can increase monoamine release, clinical effects are not seen for weeks - suggests that alterations in receptor ___ and ___ or 2nd messenger signaling are responsible for clinical efficacy

A

density and activity

27
Q

4 common side effects of MAOIs

A

changes in BP, sleep, appetite, weight gain

28
Q

Dangerous MAOI side effects occur from MAO inhibition in ___

A

liver

29
Q

TCAs are closely related to what type of drugs?

A

antipsychotics

30
Q

TCAs bind to ___ to [inhibit/increase] uptake into presynaptic terminal

A

reuptake pumps, inhibit

31
Q

TCAs prolong action at ___

A

synapse

32
Q

TCAs act on __ and __

A

SERTs and NERTs

33
Q

Because of TCA affinity for Ach, 3 common side effects are

A

dry mouth, dizziness, confusion

34
Q

Because of TCA affinity for histamine receptors, a common side effect is

A

sedation/fatigue

35
Q

Dangerous TCA side effects come from affinity for ___ receptors

A

a1 NE

36
Q

SSRIs have [greater/weaker] affinity for SERT than TCA

A

greater

37
Q

T or F: SSRIs have greater affinity for NERTs than SERTs

A

false

38
Q

4 common side effects of SSRIs

A

restlessness, insomnia, nausea, sexual dysfunction

39
Q

dangerous side effect of SSRIs is called

A

serotonin syndrome

40
Q

SSRIs [do/do not] have dependence problems

A

do

41
Q

Atypical ADs either block ___, __/___, or __/___

A

NERTs, SERTs/NERTs, or NERTS/DATs

42
Q

T or F: side effects of atypical ADs are similar to SSRIs

A

true

43
Q

2 major classes of pharmacotherapies for bipolar

A

lithium and anticonvulsants

44
Q

__ weeks on lithium eliminates or reduces manic episodes

A

2

45
Q

lithium enhances ___ action

A

5HT

46
Q

lithium [increases/decreases] catecholamine action

A

decreases

47
Q

5 common side effects of lithium

A

thirst, urination, impaired concentration, fatigue, tremor

48
Q

Where in the body is lithium toxicity problematic?

A

kidneys

49
Q

first anticonvulsant approved by FDA for mania treatment

A

valproate (depakote)

50
Q

Depakote increases GABA by stimulating __ and inhibiting __

A

GAD, GABA transaminase

51
Q

dangerous side effects of depakote

A

liver toxicity and pancreatitis

52
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) blocks __ channels on __ presynaptic terminals

A

NA, GLU

53
Q

Tegretol [increases/decreases] GLU release

A

decreases

54
Q

Tegretol common side effects

A

sedation, dizziness, incoordination, nausea

55
Q

Tegretol dangerous side effects

A

liver toxicity, blood diseases

Psychopharm (6 decks)

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