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Psychopharm > Test 2: Catecholamines > Flashcards

Test 2: Catecholamines Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: Small molecule neurotransmitters are proteinaceous

A

false

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2
Q

T or F: Large molecule neurotransmitters are proteinaceous

A

true

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3
Q

Which molecule transmitters are synthesized by enzymes with amino acids as precursors?

A

small molecule

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4
Q

Which molecules transmitters are synthesized from larger precursor proteins and gene products?

A

large molecule

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5
Q

Which synaptic vesicles package small classical transmitters?

A

small synaptic vesicles

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6
Q

Which synaptic vesicles package small classical transmitters and co-transmitters that are often neuropeptides?

A

large synaptic vesicles

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7
Q

Which two ions does neurotransmitter release depend on?

A

Na and Ca

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8
Q

Receptor in which transmitter receptor is an ion channel, and transmitter binding opens channel

A

ionotropic

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9
Q

Receptor in which the receptor is not an ion channel but is bound by second messenger pathways to one; transmitter binding opens channel

A

metabotropic

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10
Q

Dopamine and Norepinephrine are ____

A

catecholamines

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11
Q

__ and __ share a core structure (catechol group) and a nitrogen containing group (amine) part of a larger group called monoamines or biogenic amines

A

DA and NE

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12
Q

catecholamine synthesis starts with the amino acid ___

A

tyrosine

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13
Q

What determines the rate synthesis?

A

rate limiting step

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14
Q

The rate limiting step in the synthesis of catecholamine is the conversion of __ to __ by ___

A

tyrosine, DOPA, tyrosine hydroxylase

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15
Q

Tyrosine is converted to DOPA by __

A

tyrosine hydroxylase

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16
Q

High DA/NE and cell rate of firing [inhibits/excites] tyrosine hydroxylase

A

inhibits

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17
Q

DOPA is synthesized to dopamine by ___

A

aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (takes out a carboxyl group)

18
Q

Dopamine is synthesized to norepinephrine by ___

A

dopamine B-hydroxylase (adds hydroxyl group on Beta carbon)

19
Q

Catecholamines are packaged into small classical synaptic vesicles by _____

A

vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)

20
Q

catecholamine packaging can be blocked by the drug ___

A

reserpine

21
Q

Catecholamines are released primarily by __ dependent mechanisms

A

Ca++

22
Q

Catecholamine release is inhibited by __ on the synaptic terminal surface, which reduces the amount of __ entering the terminal

A

auto-receptors, Ca++

23
Q

Catecholamines can be inactivated by 2 different responses: __ and __

A

reuptake and metabolism

24
Q

Reuptake of catecholamines is done by ___ and ___

A

DA and NE transporters (DATs and NERTs)

25
Q

Metabolism of catecholamines is done by ___, which transfers a methyl group to catechol ring, and ____ in which oxidization replaces amine

A

catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO)

26
Q

Which brain area is implicated in motor function?

A

substantia nigra

27
Q

Which brain area is implicated in reward?

A

ventral tegmental area

28
Q

DA receptor subtypes (D1-D5) are all [ionotropic/metabotropic]

A

metabotropic

29
Q

In __ receptors, transmitter-receptor interaction causes a cascade of structural changes in coupling proteins to occur

A

slow acting

30
Q

True or false: all metabotropic receptors use the same coupling protein to initiate sequence of events leading to second messenger production

A

true

31
Q

GTP bound alpha subunit of G protein activates ___, which cleaves ATP, creating ___

A

adenylate cyclase; cAMP

32
Q

cAMP can induce ___ change in cells

A

structural

33
Q

cAMP activates ___ via CREB

A

gene expression

34
Q

G protein subunit that activates adenylate cyclase and cAMP production

A

Gs

35
Q

G protein subunit that inhibits adenylate cyclase & cAMP production

A

Gi

36
Q

Changes in cAMP in cell can affect ___ by altering channel opening/closing

A

excitability

37
Q

Normally cAMP acts to close __ channels

A

K+

38
Q

___ activates behavior; involved in hunger, pain, anxiety, sex, arousal, and vigilance

A

norepinephrine

39
Q

brain area implicated in attention and vigilance

A

locus coeruleus

40
Q

Norepinephrine receptor subtypes are [metabotropic/ionotropic]

A

metabotropic

41
Q

In general, dopamine [activates, inhibits] behavior

A

activates

42
Q

____ can regulate gene transcription and translation due to ___

A

second messengers; phosphorylations

Psychopharm (6 decks)

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