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Psychopharm > Test 2: Indolamines/Acetylcholine > Flashcards

Test 2: Indolamines/Acetylcholine Flashcards

1
Q

5HT synthesis starts with the amino acid ____

A

tryptophan

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2
Q

Determines the rate of synthesis

A

rate limiting step

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3
Q

An irreversible inhibitor of 5HT

A

para-chlorophenylaline (PCPA)

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4
Q

What is the rate limiting step in 5HT production?

A

tryptophan hydroxylase converting tryptophan to 5HTP

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5
Q

___ packages 5HT into classical synaptic vesicles, provides means for releasing predetermined amount

A

vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT)

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6
Q

5HT is released primarily by __ dependent mechanisms

A

Ca

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7
Q

5HT is [excited/inhibited] by auto-receptors on the synaptic terminal surface, dendrites, or somata

A

inhibited

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8
Q

5HT is inactivated by 2 different responses: __ and __

A

reuptake and metabolism

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9
Q

5HT is metabolized by __, creating __

A

monoamine oxidase (MAO); 5-hydroxindolacetic acid (5HIAA)

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10
Q

Network of 5HT cell groups projecting to the forebrain, midbrain, cerebellum, cord

A

B cell groups

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11
Q

all 5HT receptors are [metabotropic/ionotropic] with the exception of 1 subtype

A

metabotropic

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12
Q

The only excitatory ionotropic 5HT receptor subtype

A

5HT3

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13
Q

For the most part, 5HT is [excitatory/inhibitory]

A

inhibitory

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14
Q

What kind of 5HT receptors are concentrated in the hippocampus, septum, amygdala, and raphe?

A

5HT1A

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15
Q

5HT binding to 5HT1A receptors functions by two major mechanisms: ___, which inhibit adenylate cyclase and cAMP production, and __ channel opening, producing hyperpolarization

A

Gi coupled receptors; K+

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16
Q

What receptor subtype do anxiety meds and appetite/alcohol drive suppressant

A

5HT1A

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17
Q

Which 5HT receptor subtype are concentrated in cortex, striatum, and nucleus accumbens?

A

5HT2A

18
Q

__ receptor subtype function is implicated in sensory perception and integration (thalamus)

A

5HT2A

19
Q

5HT binds to 5HT2A by activating PI 2nd messenger systems which have two major consequences: __ and __

A

activates protein kinase C, increases release of cellular stores of Ca

20
Q

5HT2A’s release of cellular stores of Ca may also reduce __ channel opening, which produces depolarization and therefore is __

A

K+, excitatory

21
Q

Hallucinogenic drugs act as __ on __ receptors

A

agonists, 5HT2A

22
Q

Ach is synthesized from two precursors: __ and __

A

choline and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)

23
Q

Ach’s rate limiting step is synthesis by __

A

choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)

24
Q

The stimulation of ChAT is a [positive/negative] feedback mechanism

A

positive

25
Q

Ach is packaged into small classic synaptic vesicles and ___ provides means for releasing predetermined amount

A

vesicular Ach transporter (VAchT)

26
Q

Ach is released by __ dependent mechanisms (pre-synaptic potential)

A

Ca++

27
Q

Animal and bacterial toxins influence __ release (ex: black widow venom)

A

Ach

28
Q

Ach is metabolized by __ in the presynaptic terminal and on postsynaptic membranes

A

acetylcholinesterase

29
Q

When Ach is metabolized, it becomes __ and __

A

choline and acetic acid

30
Q

Ach uses __ for reuptake, which shuttles __ from synapse back to terminal (necessary for rapid removal of precursor from synapse)

A

choline transporter; choline

31
Q

Ach reuptake is blocked by the drug ___

A

hemicholinium-3 (HC-3)

32
Q

___ Ach cells innervate many brain sites

A

projecting

33
Q

the two main subtypes of Ach receptors

A

muscarinic and nicotinic

34
Q

Ach receptor subtype found on muscles, ganglia (PNS) and certain CNS regions

A

nicotinic

35
Q

nicotonic Ach receptors are [metabotropic/ionotropic]

A

ionotropic

36
Q

nicotinic Ach receptors are [stimulatory/inhibitory]: ion channel for __ and __

A

stimulatory; Na and Ca

37
Q

continuous agonist exposure on nicotonic Ach receptors causes __

A

desensitization

38
Q

Is desensitization of nAch receptors reversible?

A

Yes

39
Q

because of persistent depolarization, a cell cannot become active until an agonist is removed and the membrane is repolarized

A

depolarization blockade

40
Q

__ Ach receptors are widely distributed in the CNS (cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum, basal forebrain)

A

muscarinic

41
Q

__ Ach receptor function is important in CNS for cognition (cortex and hippocampus), motor behavior (striatum), and drug reward (basal forebrain)

A

muscarinic

42
Q

In the PNS, __ Ach receptors are ocated in heart, visceral smooth muscle, bronchioles, and secretory organs

A

muscarinic

Psychopharm (6 decks)

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