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Bio 65 > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Dendrites deal with

A

arriving messages - afferent

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2
Q

Axon hillock deal with

A

exiting messages - efferent

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3
Q

What is Nissl substance

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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4
Q

What is myelin sheath made from

A

phospholipids

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5
Q

What gaps increase the speed of nerve inpulses

A

nodes of ranvier

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6
Q

Myelinated are…..

A

long

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7
Q

Unmyelinated are….

A

short

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8
Q

how many pairs of nerves are there

A 
31 pairs:
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
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9
Q

What is the CNS made up of

A

brain + spinal cord

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10
Q

What does the PNS stand for, and what does it include

A

Peripheral nervous system

Includes: Chest + abdomin + limbs

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11
Q

What is the largest nerve

A

Sciatic nerve

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12
Q

Name the posterior nerves

A

Radial

Sciatic

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13
Q

Name the anterior nerves

A

Fore arm median

Femoral

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14
Q

Name the medial nerve

A

Ulnar

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15
Q

Where does the spinal cord recieve sensory information from

A

posterior nerve roots

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16
Q

Where does the spinal cord send motor information from

A

anterior nerve roots

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17
Q

What are the four types of cells that are found in the CNS

A

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells

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18
Q

What are astrocytes

A

star shaped
extend to capilaries
prevent harmful substances from reaching brain via blood brain barrier

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19
Q

What is a Saltatory conduction

A

jumping down a axon

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20
Q

What do Oligodendrocytes do

A

act like schwann cells

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21
Q

What are microglia

A

Phagocytes

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22
Q

What are Ependymal

A

Lines the spinal cord

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23
Q

What are the bumps of the brain

A

Gyri

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24
Q

What are the folds of the brain

A

Sulci

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25
Q

What does the central sulcus divide

A

The frontal and parietal lobes

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26
Q

What does the lateral sulcus divide

A

Temporal lobe for F + P lobes

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27
Q

What does the Precentral gyrus do

A

Primary motor cortex

controls voluntary skeletal muscle function

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28
Q

What does the Premotor cortex do

A

complex integrated motions

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29
Q

What does the prefrontal cortex do

A

behaviour and short term memory

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30
Q

What does brocas area do

A

controls motor speech

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31
Q

What does the Primary Sensory Cortex/ Postcentral gyrus do

A

Recieves information on general senses

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32
Q

What does the somatic association area do

A

location and intensity of sensory messages

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33
Q

What does the occipital lobe do

A

responds to visual information

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34
Q

What does the temporal lobe do

A

responds to auditory information

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35
Q

What does the primary auditory gyrus do

A

recieves sound impulses and then sends them to auditory association area

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36
Q

What is special about the auditory association area

A

understanding foreign language, music and recognition of sounds

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37
Q

What is special about the Wernickes area

A

comprehensive understanding of language

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38
Q

Where are strokes common

A

Brocas area and Wernickes area

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39
Q

What does the cerebellum do

A

balance and equilibrium

40
Q

What are the 3 parts of the limbic system

A

Cingulate gyrus
Mammillary bodies
Fornix

41
Q

What does the limbic system do

A

governs emotions, behaviour and memory

42
Q

What do the superior colliculi do

A

visual reflexes

43
Q

What do the inferior colliculi do

A

Auditory reflexes

44
Q

What produces CSF

A

Choroid Plexuses

45
Q

What does the Olfactory do

A

smell

46
Q

What does the Optic do

A

vision

47
Q

what does the oculomotor do

A

eye motions, lens and pupils

48
Q

what does the trochlear do

A

eye motions

49
Q

what does the tringeminal do

A

3 sensory braches

Chewing

50
Q

What does the Abduncens do

A

eye motions

51
Q

What does the facial do

A

Facial muscles and taste

52
Q

What does the Vestibulocohlear do

A

balance and hearing

53
Q

What does the Glossopharyngeal do

A

Throat muscles and taste

54
Q

What does the vagus do

A

vital organs and taste

55
Q

What does the spinal accessory do

A

joins vagus and supplies two muscles

56
Q

What does the hypoglossal do

A

tongue muscles

57
Q

What connects the middle ear and nasopharynx

A

Eustachian tube

58
Q

What are the semicircular canals for

A

Balance and equilibrium

59
Q

What is the outer most layer of the eye

A

Sclera and Cornea

60
Q

What is the middle layer of the eye

A

Choroid, Cillary body and Iris

61
Q

What is the inner most layer of the eye

A

Retina

62
Q

Name the 6 muscles of the eye

A 
Superior Rectus
Inferior Rectus
Medial Rectus
Lateral Rectus
Superior Oblique
Inferior Oblique
63
Q

What does the Trochlear control in the eye

A

Superior Oblique muscle

64
Q

What does the Abducens control in the eye

A

Lateral rectus - abducts the eye

65
Q

What does the Oculomotor control in the eye

A 
Other 4 muscles
Eye lids
Iris
Smooth muscle of pupil
Lens
66
Q

What is the name of the fluid that fills the first two chambers of the eye

A

Aqueous humor

67
Q

What is the name of the fluid that fills the largest chamber in the eye

A

Vitreous humor

68
Q

What is the name of the fluid that is located within the Tympanic and Vestibular ducts in the ear

A

Perilymph

69
Q

Perilymph has a higher concentration of what

A

Sodium to potassium

70
Q

What is the name of the fluid that is located within the cochlear duct, vestibule and semicircular canals in the ear

A

Endolymph

71
Q

Endolymph has a higher concentration of what

A

Potassium to sodium

72
Q

Name the 3 nerves that deal with taste

A

Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vegas

73
Q

What brain lobe deals with smell and sound

A

temporal

74
Q

what brain lobe deals with taste

A

Parietal lobes

75
Q

What does white and grey matter in the spinal cord equal

A

Outer White = myelinated

Inner Grey = unmyelinated

76
Q

What does white and grey matter in the brain equal

A

Inner White = myelinated

Outer Grey = unmyelinated

77
Q

Where can we remove CSF from

A

Lumbar 1

78
Q

What is the shape of grey matter in the spinal cord

A

Shape of a H

79
Q

What does white matter in the spinal cord possess

A 
Sensory neurones such as:
Temp
Pain
Touch
Pressure
80
Q

The dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater are examples of what

A

Meninges - surround spinal cord and brain

81
Q

What does the PONS allow

A

communication between the different parts of the brain

82
Q

What does the thalamus do

A

recieves sensation

83
Q

Meningitis causes….

A

stiff neck, sensitivity to light/sound

84
Q

Parkinsons disease is due to…

A

insufficient dopamine

85
Q

What is special about the Circle of Willis

A

It can flow backwards

86
Q

Which artery in the circle of willis has the largest stroke

A

Middle cerebral

87
Q

How do we know when someone has a stroke

A 
F = FACE
A = ARM
S = SPEECH
T = TIME - 3 hours
88
Q

Risk factors of stroke

A

High BP
High Chloestrol
Diabetes
Smoking

89
Q

What is the largest cranial nerve and where is it located

A

Trigeminal - in front of ear

DO A 3 FINGER ON FACE to know where it goes

90
Q

What causes bells palsy

A

damage to facial nerve

91
Q

What is special about the Olfactory nerve

A

Duplicates in 30 - 60 days

92
Q

What is Hydrocephalus

A

Increase CSF pressure in brain

93
Q

What produces ear wax

A

Ceriuminous glands

94
Q

EXAM NOTE = WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO CLEAN YOUR EARS

A

Hydrogen Peroxide

95
Q

What is vertigo

A

motion sickness

96
Q

What is tinnitis

A

ringing in the ear

can be due to loud noises and cancer

97
Q

What can cause hearing loss

A

Drugs such as aspirin

Concussions

Bio 65 (5 decks)

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