Test 4 Flashcards
1
Q
Dendrites deal with
A
arriving messages - afferent
2
Q
Axon hillock deal with
A
exiting messages - efferent
3
Q
What is Nissl substance
A
rough endoplasmic reticulum
4
Q
What is myelin sheath made from
A
phospholipids
5
Q
What gaps increase the speed of nerve inpulses
A
nodes of ranvier
6
Q
Myelinated are…..
A
long
7
Q
Unmyelinated are….
A
short
8
Q
how many pairs of nerves are there
A
31 pairs: 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal
9
Q
What is the CNS made up of
A
brain + spinal cord
10
Q
What does the PNS stand for, and what does it include
A
Peripheral nervous system
Includes: Chest + abdomin + limbs
11
Q
What is the largest nerve
A
Sciatic nerve
12
Q
Name the posterior nerves
A
Radial
Sciatic
13
Q
Name the anterior nerves
A
Fore arm median
Femoral
14
Q
Name the medial nerve
A
Ulnar
15
Q
Where does the spinal cord recieve sensory information from
A
posterior nerve roots
16
Q
Where does the spinal cord send motor information from
A
anterior nerve roots
17
Q
What are the four types of cells that are found in the CNS
A
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
18
Q
What are astrocytes
A
star shaped
extend to capilaries
prevent harmful substances from reaching brain via blood brain barrier
19
Q
What is a Saltatory conduction
A
jumping down a axon
20
Q
What do Oligodendrocytes do
A
act like schwann cells
21
Q
What are microglia
A
Phagocytes
22
Q
What are Ependymal
A
Lines the spinal cord
23
Q
What are the bumps of the brain
A
Gyri
24
Q
What are the folds of the brain
A
Sulci
25
What does the central sulcus divide
The frontal and parietal lobes
26
What does the lateral sulcus divide
Temporal lobe for F + P lobes
27
What does the Precentral gyrus do
Primary motor cortex
| controls voluntary skeletal muscle function
28
What does the Premotor cortex do
complex integrated motions
29
What does the prefrontal cortex do
behaviour and short term memory
30
What does brocas area do
controls motor speech
31
What does the Primary Sensory Cortex/ Postcentral gyrus do
Recieves information on general senses
32
What does the somatic association area do
location and intensity of sensory messages
33
What does the occipital lobe do
responds to visual information
34
What does the temporal lobe do
responds to auditory information
35
What does the primary auditory gyrus do
recieves sound impulses and then sends them to auditory association area
36
What is special about the auditory association area
understanding foreign language, music and recognition of sounds
37
What is special about the Wernickes area
comprehensive understanding of language
38
Where are strokes common
Brocas area and Wernickes area
39
What does the cerebellum do
balance and equilibrium
40
What are the 3 parts of the limbic system
Cingulate gyrus
Mammillary bodies
Fornix
41
What does the limbic system do
governs emotions, behaviour and memory
42
What do the superior colliculi do
visual reflexes
43
What do the inferior colliculi do
Auditory reflexes
44
What produces CSF
Choroid Plexuses
45
What does the Olfactory do
smell
46
What does the Optic do
vision
47
what does the oculomotor do
eye motions, lens and pupils
48
what does the trochlear do
eye motions
49
what does the tringeminal do
3 sensory braches
| Chewing
50
What does the Abduncens do
eye motions
51
What does the facial do
Facial muscles and taste
52
What does the Vestibulocohlear do
balance and hearing
53
What does the Glossopharyngeal do
Throat muscles and taste
54
What does the vagus do
vital organs and taste
55
What does the spinal accessory do
joins vagus and supplies two muscles
56
What does the hypoglossal do
tongue muscles
57
What connects the middle ear and nasopharynx
Eustachian tube
58
What are the semicircular canals for
Balance and equilibrium
59
What is the outer most layer of the eye
Sclera and Cornea
60
What is the middle layer of the eye
Choroid, Cillary body and Iris
61
What is the inner most layer of the eye
Retina
62
Name the 6 muscles of the eye
```
Superior Rectus
Inferior Rectus
Medial Rectus
Lateral Rectus
Superior Oblique
Inferior Oblique
```
63
What does the Trochlear control in the eye
Superior Oblique muscle
64
What does the Abducens control in the eye
Lateral rectus - abducts the eye
65
What does the Oculomotor control in the eye
```
Other 4 muscles
Eye lids
Iris
Smooth muscle of pupil
Lens
```
66
What is the name of the fluid that fills the first two chambers of the eye
Aqueous humor
67
What is the name of the fluid that fills the largest chamber in the eye
Vitreous humor
68
What is the name of the fluid that is located within the Tympanic and Vestibular ducts in the ear
Perilymph
69
Perilymph has a higher concentration of what
Sodium to potassium
70
What is the name of the fluid that is located within the cochlear duct, vestibule and semicircular canals in the ear
Endolymph
71
Endolymph has a higher concentration of what
Potassium to sodium
72
Name the 3 nerves that deal with taste
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vegas
73
What brain lobe deals with smell and sound
temporal
74
what brain lobe deals with taste
Parietal lobes
75
What does white and grey matter in the spinal cord equal
Outer White = myelinated
| Inner Grey = unmyelinated
76
What does white and grey matter in the brain equal
Inner White = myelinated
| Outer Grey = unmyelinated
77
Where can we remove CSF from
Lumbar 1
78
What is the shape of grey matter in the spinal cord
Shape of a H
79
What does white matter in the spinal cord possess
```
Sensory neurones such as:
Temp
Pain
Touch
Pressure
```
80
The dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater are examples of what
Meninges - surround spinal cord and brain
81
What does the PONS allow
communication between the different parts of the brain
82
What does the thalamus do
recieves sensation
83
Meningitis causes....
stiff neck, sensitivity to light/sound
84
Parkinsons disease is due to...
insufficient dopamine
85
What is special about the Circle of Willis
It can flow backwards
86
Which artery in the circle of willis has the largest stroke
Middle cerebral
87
How do we know when someone has a stroke
```
F = FACE
A = ARM
S = SPEECH
T = TIME - 3 hours
```
88
Risk factors of stroke
High BP
High Chloestrol
Diabetes
Smoking
89
What is the largest cranial nerve and where is it located
Trigeminal - in front of ear
| DO A 3 FINGER ON FACE to know where it goes
90
What causes bells palsy
damage to facial nerve
91
What is special about the Olfactory nerve
Duplicates in 30 - 60 days
92
What is Hydrocephalus
Increase CSF pressure in brain
93
What produces ear wax
Ceriuminous glands
94
EXAM NOTE = WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO CLEAN YOUR EARS
Hydrogen Peroxide
95
What is vertigo
motion sickness
96
What is tinnitis
ringing in the ear
| can be due to loud noises and cancer
97
What can cause hearing loss
Drugs such as aspirin
| Concussions
