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Bio 65 > Test 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the 3 simple epithelium

A

Simple Squamous
Simple Cuboidal
Simple Columnar

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2
Q

How do you know if an epithelium cell is SIMPLE

A

Has one row of cells

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3
Q

How do you know if an epithelium cell is Stratified

A

Has multiple rows

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4
Q

How do you know if an epithelium cell is pseudo stratified

A

Has multiple rows but they all rest on Basel lamina

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5
Q

What is the integument

A

covers the body surfaces

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6
Q

What 3 functions does the integument do

A
  1. mechanical barrier
  2. produces melanin
  3. shock absorber
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7
Q

Where is skin located and what is it attached to

A

outer most layer, attached to the subcutaneous tissue

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8
Q

What is skin divided into

A
  1. Epidermis - stratified

2. Dermis - connective tissue

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9
Q

What is the outer most layer of the skin

A

Stratum Corneum - corn like haha

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10
Q

What are the muscles that cause goose bumps

A

Arrector Pili Muscles

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11
Q

What produces the oil for hairs

A

Sebaceous glands

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12
Q

What is sensitive to deep pressure

A

Pacinian corpuscle

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13
Q

What abundant tissue is located in the deep subcutaneous tissue which acts as a shock absorber

A

Adipose tissue

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14
Q

What are the two types of arteries, and which type leaves the heart first

A
  1. Elastic arteries
  2. Muscular arteries
  3. Arterioles
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15
Q

What are the walls of arteries and veins in order (innermost - outer)

A
  1. Tunica Intima - encloses lumen - endothelium
  2. Tunica Media - muscle and elastic fibers - thicker in arteries
  3. Tunic Adventitia - connective tissue and small muscle and elastic collagen fibers - allows no diffusion
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16
Q

What supples blood to the vessels

A

Vasa Vasarum

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17
Q

What surrounds the heart

A

Pericardium

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18
Q

What is continuous with the pericardium

A

Diaphragm

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19
Q

What brings blood back from the upper ext, head and neck to the heart

A

right and left brachiocephalic veins

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20
Q

What merges together to form the superior vena cava

A

Right and left brachiocephalic veins

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21
Q

What is the ear like appendage on the right artium

A

Right Auricle

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22
Q

What supplies the heart muscles with blood

A

Coronary arteries

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23
Q

What are the arteries that run between the ventricles

A

Anterior Interventricular arteries

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24
Q

What are the 3 branches of the aorta (BCS) and where do they send blood to

A
  1. Brachiocephalic artery - right side ext, head and neck
  2. Left Common Carotid artery - left side head and neck
  3. Left Subclavian artery - under clavicle to left upper ext
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25
Q

What is the ligament that connected our pulmonary trunk and aorta at embryonic stage

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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26
Q

What does the right atrium receive blood from

A

Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Coronary sinus

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27
Q

What is the name of the valve between the RA and RV

A

Right Atrioventricular valve - tricuspid

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28
Q

What is the name of the valve between the RV and Pulmonary Trunk

A

Pulmonary Semilunar valve

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29
Q

How many Pulmonary veins are there

A

4

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30
Q

What returns blood to the left atrium

A

Pulmonary veins

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31
Q

What is the valve between the LA and LV

A

Left Atrioventricular Valve - bicuspid

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32
Q

What valve is between the LV and aorta

A

Aortic sumilunar valve

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33
Q

What causes the valves between the atria and ventricles to close

A

Papillary muscles

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34
Q

What are papillary muscles connected to

A

Chordae Tendinea

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35
Q

What causes a Murmur

A

disease in valve or papillary muscle that allows blood flow back

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36
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart and where is it found

A

Sino-Atrial Node - wall of the right atrium

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37
Q

What is the name of the second node and where is it located

A

Atrioventricular node - above the tricuspid valve

38
Q

Impulses from the AV are sent down the what

A

Bundle of His

39
Q

Where is the Bundle of His found

A

In the Interventricular septum

40
Q

What causes the ventricles to contract

A

Purkinji fibers

41
Q

What is the name of the scar tissue that allowed blood to move from the RA to the LA in unborn children

A

Fossa Ovalis

42
Q

Name 3 divides of the aorta

A

Brachiocephalic
Left Common Carotid
Left Subclavian

43
Q

Name the 2 divides of the Brachiocephalic

A

Right common carotid

Right subclavian

44
Q

Name the divides in the Common Carotid and where they end up

A

Internal - Skull = brain

External - face

45
Q

What arteries come from the subclavian and what do they supply

A

Right and Left Vertebral arteries - brain

46
Q

List the pathway of blood to the fingers from clavicle and where they are located

A 
Subclavian - clavicle
Axillary - armpit
brachial - to elbow
Radial - forearm (thumb side)
Ulnar - forearm (other side)
digital - fingers
47
Q

List the pathway of blood to the chest

A

Aorta
thoracic cavity
intercostal
chest

48
Q

When does the thoracic aorta become the abdominal aorta

A

when it goes through the diaphragm

49
Q

Name the 3 (unpaired) divides of the abdominal aorta in the MIDLINE and where do they go

A
  1. Celiac trunk - stomach etc
  2. Superior Mesenteric - small intestines + 2/3 of large
  3. Inferior Mesenteric - last 1/3 of large and rectum
50
Q

Name the 2 (paired) divides of the abdominal aorta and where they go

A

Renal - kidney

Gonadal - testicular/oviarian

51
Q

Name the artery that the abnormal aorta goes into at the pelvis

A

Common Iliac

52
Q

Name the 2 divides of the common iliac artery and where do they go

A

Internal - pelvis

External - femur

53
Q

List the pathway of blood to the feet from the pelvis

A 
Femoral
Popliteal fossa
Popliteal
Anterior Tibial
Posterior Tibial
Digital
54
Q

Where are superficial veins and deep veins located

A

Superficial - Right side

Deep - Left side

55
Q

Where do superficial veins run

A

Subcutaneous tissue

56
Q

List pathway of superficial hand

A

Cephalic - thumb side (lateral)
Basilic - medial
Join at elbow to form =
Median Cubital

57
Q

List pathway of deep hand

A

Radial + Ulnar = brachial
Axillary
Subclavian

58
Q

List pathway of upper to heart

A

R and L Subclavian + Internal & external jugular =
R and L Brachiocephalic
Forms = Superior Vena cava

59
Q

List pathway from chest to heart

A

Intercostal
Azygos (right) + Hemiazygos (left) =
Superior Vena cava

60
Q

List pathway of deep and superficial legs

A

Deep
Anterior + Posterior Tibial
Popliteal
Femoral

Superficial
Great Saphenous
Femoral

Femoral + Great saphenous = External Iliac

61
Q

List pathway of pelvis to heart

A

External Iliac + Internal Iliac = Common Iliac

Inferior Vena cava

62
Q

What are the 4 mini pathways which join onto the inferior vena cava

A

Right Renal (above)
Right Gonadal
Left gonadal - left renal
diaphragm - hepatic (liver)

63
Q

What does the portal vein system do

A

Connects one bed of capillaries to another

64
Q

What two locations can the portal vein system be found

A

Liver and pituitary gland

65
Q

What does the hepatic portal vein system connect

A

The stomach, intestines, spleen, pancreas to the liver

66
Q

What does the superior mesenteric drain

A

The small intestine, large intestine up to middle of transverse colon, cecum

67
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric drain

A

The rest of the large intestine and rectum

68
Q

What forms the hepatic portal vein

A

Superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, splenic vein

69
Q

What drains the liver

A

Hepatic veins

70
Q

What does the placenta provide and how does it provide it

A

Nutrients through the umbilical cord

71
Q

What is the official name for the belly button

A

Umbilicus

72
Q

What oxygen levels are present in the umbilical veins and arteries

A

Oxygenated in veins

Deoxygenated in arteries

73
Q

What are the 5 specialisations in an unborn child’s circulatory system

A 
Umbilical vein
Umbilical arteries
Ductus venosus 
Foramen ovale 
Ductus arteriosus
74
Q

How does blood bypass the immature livers capillaries and what does it connect to

A

Through the ductus venosus and connects to the inferior vena cava

75
Q

What opening in the heart allows blood to move from the RA to the LA

A

Foramen ovale

76
Q

What connects the pulmonary trunk and the aorta

A

Foramen arteriosus

77
Q

Where do the umbilical arteries originate from and how many are there

A

From the internal iliac arteries and there is 2

78
Q

When the baby is born, what 2 things form and what closes

A

Ductus venosus - ligamentum venosum
Ductus arteriosus - ligamentum arteriosum
Foramen ovale - fossa ovalis

79
Q

What happens to the umbilical arteries and veins when the child is born

A

Form round ligament of the liver

Form medial umbilical ligaments

80
Q

Name the lymph nodes in the head, armpit, respiratory system, intestines, lower limbs

A 
Cervical
Axillary
Bronchial
Mesenteric
Inguinal
81
Q

What are lymph nodes surrounded with

A

The capsual

82
Q

What vessels enter the lymph node

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels

83
Q

The node consists of an outer ………… and an inner ……….

A

Cortex

medulla

84
Q

What divides the cortex

A

Trabecula

85
Q

What indicates a high WBC level inside the cortex

A

Lymphatic follicles

86
Q

What is between the cortex and medulla

A

Cortical Sinus or medullary sinus

87
Q

How does lymph exit the node

A

through the efferent lymphatic vessels

88
Q

Where are the efferent lymphatic vessels located

A

At the hilum

89
Q

Where do blood vessels penetrate in the lymph node

A

At the hilum

90
Q

What do efferent lymphatic vessels contain

A

Valves

91
Q

List the pathway of the respiratory system

A 
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Thyroid cartilage
Trachea
Right and Left bronchi
Right and left lung

Bio 65 (5 decks)

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