Test 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Name the 3 simple epithelium
A
Simple Squamous
Simple Cuboidal
Simple Columnar
2
Q
How do you know if an epithelium cell is SIMPLE
A
Has one row of cells
3
Q
How do you know if an epithelium cell is Stratified
A
Has multiple rows
4
Q
How do you know if an epithelium cell is pseudo stratified
A
Has multiple rows but they all rest on Basel lamina
5
Q
What is the integument
A
covers the body surfaces
6
Q
What 3 functions does the integument do
A
- mechanical barrier
- produces melanin
- shock absorber
7
Q
Where is skin located and what is it attached to
A
outer most layer, attached to the subcutaneous tissue
8
Q
What is skin divided into
A
- Epidermis - stratified
2. Dermis - connective tissue
9
Q
What is the outer most layer of the skin
A
Stratum Corneum - corn like haha
10
Q
What are the muscles that cause goose bumps
A
Arrector Pili Muscles
11
Q
What produces the oil for hairs
A
Sebaceous glands
12
Q
What is sensitive to deep pressure
A
Pacinian corpuscle
13
Q
What abundant tissue is located in the deep subcutaneous tissue which acts as a shock absorber
A
Adipose tissue
14
Q
What are the two types of arteries, and which type leaves the heart first
A
- Elastic arteries
- Muscular arteries
- Arterioles
15
Q
What are the walls of arteries and veins in order (innermost - outer)
A
- Tunica Intima - encloses lumen - endothelium
- Tunica Media - muscle and elastic fibers - thicker in arteries
- Tunic Adventitia - connective tissue and small muscle and elastic collagen fibers - allows no diffusion
16
Q
What supples blood to the vessels
A
Vasa Vasarum
17
Q
What surrounds the heart
A
Pericardium
18
Q
What is continuous with the pericardium
A
Diaphragm
19
Q
What brings blood back from the upper ext, head and neck to the heart
A
right and left brachiocephalic veins
20
Q
What merges together to form the superior vena cava
A
Right and left brachiocephalic veins
21
Q
What is the ear like appendage on the right artium
A
Right Auricle
22
Q
What supplies the heart muscles with blood
A
Coronary arteries
23
Q
What are the arteries that run between the ventricles
A
Anterior Interventricular arteries
24
Q
What are the 3 branches of the aorta (BCS) and where do they send blood to
A
- Brachiocephalic artery - right side ext, head and neck
- Left Common Carotid artery - left side head and neck
- Left Subclavian artery - under clavicle to left upper ext
25
What is the ligament that connected our pulmonary trunk and aorta at embryonic stage
ligamentum arteriosum
26
What does the right atrium receive blood from
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Coronary sinus
27
What is the name of the valve between the RA and RV
Right Atrioventricular valve - tricuspid
28
What is the name of the valve between the RV and Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Semilunar valve
29
How many Pulmonary veins are there
4
30
What returns blood to the left atrium
Pulmonary veins
31
What is the valve between the LA and LV
Left Atrioventricular Valve - bicuspid
32
What valve is between the LV and aorta
Aortic sumilunar valve
33
What causes the valves between the atria and ventricles to close
Papillary muscles
34
What are papillary muscles connected to
Chordae Tendinea
35
What causes a Murmur
disease in valve or papillary muscle that allows blood flow back
36
What is the pacemaker of the heart and where is it found
Sino-Atrial Node - wall of the right atrium
37
What is the name of the second node and where is it located
Atrioventricular node - above the tricuspid valve
38
Impulses from the AV are sent down the what
Bundle of His
39
Where is the Bundle of His found
In the Interventricular septum
40
What causes the ventricles to contract
Purkinji fibers
41
What is the name of the scar tissue that allowed blood to move from the RA to the LA in unborn children
Fossa Ovalis
42
Name 3 divides of the aorta
Brachiocephalic
Left Common Carotid
Left Subclavian
43
Name the 2 divides of the Brachiocephalic
Right common carotid
| Right subclavian
44
Name the divides in the Common Carotid and where they end up
Internal - Skull = brain
| External - face
45
What arteries come from the subclavian and what do they supply
Right and Left Vertebral arteries - brain
46
List the pathway of blood to the fingers from clavicle and where they are located
```
Subclavian - clavicle
Axillary - armpit
brachial - to elbow
Radial - forearm (thumb side)
Ulnar - forearm (other side)
digital - fingers
```
47
List the pathway of blood to the chest
Aorta
thoracic cavity
intercostal
chest
48
When does the thoracic aorta become the abdominal aorta
when it goes through the diaphragm
49
Name the 3 (unpaired) divides of the abdominal aorta in the MIDLINE and where do they go
1. Celiac trunk - stomach etc
2. Superior Mesenteric - small intestines + 2/3 of large
3. Inferior Mesenteric - last 1/3 of large and rectum
50
Name the 2 (paired) divides of the abdominal aorta and where they go
Renal - kidney
| Gonadal - testicular/oviarian
51
Name the artery that the abnormal aorta goes into at the pelvis
Common Iliac
52
Name the 2 divides of the common iliac artery and where do they go
Internal - pelvis
| External - femur
53
List the pathway of blood to the feet from the pelvis
```
Femoral
Popliteal fossa
Popliteal
Anterior Tibial
Posterior Tibial
Digital
```
54
Where are superficial veins and deep veins located
Superficial - Right side
| Deep - Left side
55
Where do superficial veins run
Subcutaneous tissue
56
List pathway of superficial hand
Cephalic - thumb side (lateral)
Basilic - medial
Join at elbow to form =
Median Cubital
57
List pathway of deep hand
Radial + Ulnar = brachial
Axillary
Subclavian
58
List pathway of upper to heart
R and L Subclavian + Internal & external jugular =
R and L Brachiocephalic
Forms = Superior Vena cava
59
List pathway from chest to heart
Intercostal
Azygos (right) + Hemiazygos (left) =
Superior Vena cava
60
List pathway of deep and superficial legs
Deep
Anterior + Posterior Tibial
Popliteal
Femoral
Superficial
Great Saphenous
Femoral
Femoral + Great saphenous = External Iliac
61
List pathway of pelvis to heart
External Iliac + Internal Iliac = Common Iliac
| Inferior Vena cava
62
What are the 4 mini pathways which join onto the inferior vena cava
Right Renal (above)
Right Gonadal
Left gonadal - left renal
diaphragm - hepatic (liver)
63
What does the portal vein system do
Connects one bed of capillaries to another
64
What two locations can the portal vein system be found
Liver and pituitary gland
65
What does the hepatic portal vein system connect
The stomach, intestines, spleen, pancreas to the liver
66
What does the superior mesenteric drain
The small intestine, large intestine up to middle of transverse colon, cecum
67
What does the inferior mesenteric drain
The rest of the large intestine and rectum
68
What forms the hepatic portal vein
Superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, splenic vein
69
What drains the liver
Hepatic veins
70
What does the placenta provide and how does it provide it
Nutrients through the umbilical cord
71
What is the official name for the belly button
Umbilicus
72
What oxygen levels are present in the umbilical veins and arteries
Oxygenated in veins
| Deoxygenated in arteries
73
What are the 5 specialisations in an unborn child's circulatory system
```
Umbilical vein
Umbilical arteries
Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus
```
74
How does blood bypass the immature livers capillaries and what does it connect to
Through the ductus venosus and connects to the inferior vena cava
75
What opening in the heart allows blood to move from the RA to the LA
Foramen ovale
76
What connects the pulmonary trunk and the aorta
Foramen arteriosus
77
Where do the umbilical arteries originate from and how many are there
From the internal iliac arteries and there is 2
78
When the baby is born, what 2 things form and what closes
Ductus venosus - ligamentum venosum
Ductus arteriosus - ligamentum arteriosum
Foramen ovale - fossa ovalis
79
What happens to the umbilical arteries and veins when the child is born
Form round ligament of the liver
| Form medial umbilical ligaments
80
Name the lymph nodes in the head, armpit, respiratory system, intestines, lower limbs
```
Cervical
Axillary
Bronchial
Mesenteric
Inguinal
```
81
What are lymph nodes surrounded with
The capsual
82
What vessels enter the lymph node
Afferent lymphatic vessels
83
The node consists of an outer ............ and an inner ..........
Cortex
| medulla
84
What divides the cortex
Trabecula
85
What indicates a high WBC level inside the cortex
Lymphatic follicles
86
What is between the cortex and medulla
Cortical Sinus or medullary sinus
87
How does lymph exit the node
through the efferent lymphatic vessels
88
Where are the efferent lymphatic vessels located
At the hilum
89
Where do blood vessels penetrate in the lymph node
At the hilum
90
What do efferent lymphatic vessels contain
Valves
91
List the pathway of the respiratory system
```
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Thyroid cartilage
Trachea
Right and Left bronchi
Right and left lung
```
