Test 4 Flashcards
Diagnostic criteria of ADHD
Inattentive, unusually active, impulsive
Thoughts about medicine usage
Overmedication may occur
Diagnostic criteria of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Delayed language, no desire to interact with others, cannot understand emotions
Dyslexia
Difficulty with reading
Dyscalculia
Difficulty with math
Why is there difficulty diagnosing childhood disorders
can be comorbid (diagnosed with something else)
Reaction time
Time it takes to respond to a stimulus
Education of All Handicapped Children Act
1975, Included least restrictive environment
IEP
Documents ed goals and plans for special needs kids
Inclusion
Special needs kids in regular class with aids
BMI
Body mass index (lowest at 5-6)
Obese percentile
over 95th percentile
Overweight percentile
over 85th percentile
Asthma rates since 1980
3rd leading cause of hospitalization
How reading is different than talking
Brain has no area dedicated to reading
Selective attention
Concentrate on something and ignore others
Automatization
Repetition makes it routine, not requiring thought (reading)
Metacognition
Thinking about thinking, understanding how to learn
Impact of early exposure to words
Greater school achievement
Memory according to the information-processing approach
Input, store, output
Pragmatics of language
Formal talk with teachers vs informal with friends
Knowledge base
Broad body of knowledge makes it easier for kids to learn related info
Formal code
Academic context
Informal code
Friend context
Seriation
things can be arranged in logical series (number and alphabet)
Classification
things can be categorized into groups
Hidden curriculum
unofficial rules in school
Piaget’s thought on what children gain during middle childhood
logic
Flynn Effect
IQ has raised in many nations
Immersion
Teach child in only new language
Concrete operational stage of cognitive development
Reasons and uses logic
No child left behind act in 2001
Mandated annual standardized achievement tests for public schools
Lawrence Kohlberg: Impacts on a child’s moral development
Age
Advances to a person’s morality
Intellectual maturation
Pre-conventional stage of moral development and examples
Emphasizes rewards and punishment
EX/ Cookie / no TV
Conventional stage of moral development
Monkey see monkey do
Post-conventional stage of moral development
Morals, Question “what is”, and decide “what it should be”
Adult morality vs. child culture
Protect friends, do not talk to adults, conform to peer standards
How empathy impacts moral development
Low empathy=bullying
Bullying
Repeated efforts to inflict harm on a person
Types of bullying
physical, verbal, relational, cyberbullying
Consequences of bullying
Isolated, depressed, friendless, mental illness
Differences in boy and girl bullies
Boy (physical) girl (verbal and relational)
Popular children
Friendly & cooperative, dominant & aggressive
What will a child bully become as an adult?
Die young, jailed, destructive marriages
Industry vs. inferiority
master many skills (competent vs. incompetent)
Effects of high self-esteem on effortful control
high self-esteem reduces effortful control
What impacts self esteem at this age
culture
Self-concept
their idea about themselves
Blended family
Couple with kids from past relationships
Extended family
3+ generations in 1 household
Family structure
Legal and genetic relationships
Functions of a family
How a family works to meet members needs
Which family function is crucial in middle childhood?
Safety and stability
Impacts of low income and high conflict
Interfere with family function
Family-stress model
Economic hardship makes parents harsh with children
Resilience
Adapt well to stress and change
Freud’s stage during this time period
Latency (neglected by Freud)
Executive function
Can organize thoughts. Anticipate and plan behavior
Child culture
ruled children pass down from older to younger kids
Hallmark of friendships at this age
learn faster and happier
Impact of accumulated stress
Increased pathology and decreased academic achievement
Effortful control
Regulate emotions through effort
