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Child Psychology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

After age 1 when hair thins and face swells with fluid

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2
Q

Marasmus

A

During first year when the tissues waste away

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3
Q

Sense of touch at birth

A

are acute and soothed when stroked

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4
Q

Hearing at birth

A

acute at birth and heartbeat is soothing

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5
Q

Vision at birth

A

legally blind, can focus between 4-30 inches

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6
Q

Sense of smell at birth

A

adaptation, comfort with caregiver’s smell

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7
Q

Self-righting

A

inborn drive to fix something wrong

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8
Q

Percentiles and what the number indicates

A

ranking of 0-100

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9
Q

Shaken baby syndrome

A

ruptures blood vessels and breaks connections

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10
Q

Pruning

A

unused connections die

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11
Q

Gross motor skills

A

Large body movements

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12
Q

Fine motor skills

A

Small body movements

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13
Q

Visual cliff and what changes over time

A

depth perception, won’t climb over from previous experience

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14
Q

Breast milk

A

rich in nutrients and antibodies

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15
Q

Colostrum

A

thick, high-calorie liquid from breasts for 3 days after birth

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16
Q

Transient exuberance

A

expansive brain growth in first 2 years

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17
Q

Dendrite growth in 0-2 year olds

A

increases greatly

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18
Q

How to place children to sleep

A

sleep on their backs

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19
Q

Brain weight at birth compared to adult brain weight

A

At birth, brain is 25% of adult weight

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20
Q

Impact of cortisol levels

A

Stress level, higher levels= more sadness

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21
Q

Co-sleeping

A

parents and infants sleep in the same room

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22
Q

Factors leading to ability to walk

A

muscle strength, brain maturation, practice

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23
Q

Weight changes in the first 2 years of life

A

1/2 of adult weight, 4x heavier than at birth

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24
Q

Height changes in the first 2 years of life

A

1/2 of adult height

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25
Q

Immunizations

A

primes body’s immune system to resist a disease

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26
Q

Head-sparing

A

when malnourished, body growth slows, but not the brain

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27
Q

Binocular vision

A

focus both eyes to see one image

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28
Q

Goals of sensorimotor stage 1

A

reflexes (sucking, grasping)

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29
Q

Goals of sensorimotor stage 2

A

first acquired accommodations (such nipple vs bottle)

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30
Q

Goals of sensorimotor stage 3

A

make interesting things last (claps hands when say “patty cake”)

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31
Q

Goals of sensorimotor stage 4

A

make purposeful responses to people to create interesting things (put moms hands together to play “patty cake”)

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32
Q

Word development at 13-18 months

A

slow growth of 50 words

33
Q

Long-term memory

A

middle of 2nd year, can recreate complex sequences

34
Q

Habituation

A

get used to repeated stimulus

35
Q

New research concerning Piaget’s theory

A

object permanence can start at 4.5 months (vs 8)

36
Q

Grammar development

A

noticeable at 21 months with 2 word sentences

37
Q

Sensation

A

ability to detect a stimulus

38
Q

Cognition

A

thinking about what was perceived (can imagine, fantasize, hypothesize)

39
Q

Perception

A

understanding a stimulus

40
Q

Affordances

A

Opportunity to interact via their environment

41
Q

Holophrase

A

single word that expresses a single thought

42
Q

Babbling

A

“mamamama” between 6-9 months

43
Q

Object permanence

A

knowing that objects exist when not seen

44
Q

The A-not-B error

A

look for object under 1st blanket (wrong)

45
Q

When does social learning occur

A

throughout life

46
Q

Child-directed speech

A

motherese

47
Q

Order of language development

A 
reflexes
noises
babbling
1st words
naming explosion
2 word sentence
48
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

described mom-infant relationships in Africa 60 years ago. Made patterns of infant attachment (type A,B,C,and D)

49
Q

Strange situation

A

measures attachment by looking at infants reactions to mom/stranger coming-going in

50
Q

Attachment

A

“an affectional tie” binds and endures over time

51
Q

Secure attachment type

A

(Type B) infant feels comfortable/confident

52
Q

Insecure-resistant/ambivalent

A

(Type C) cling to mom/angry when she left

53
Q

Insecure-avoidant

A

(Type A) avoids connection with mom

54
Q

Disorganized

A

(Type D) inconsistent reactions

55
Q

Proximal parenting

A

being physically close to baby

56
Q

Distal parenting

A

distant from baby (toys, food, face-to-face)

57
Q

Proximity-seeking behaviors

A

more obedient, less likely to recognize themselves

58
Q

Freud and how “fixation” works

A

If not developed, later can become fixated

59
Q

Oral stage and time-period in which it occurs

A

0-1 years, pleasure with mouth

60
Q

Anal stage and the time-period in which it occurs

A

1-3 years, pleasure with pooping

61
Q

When will certain emotions emerge

A 
newborn- :) xo
3-4 months- :o? XD
4-8 months- >:0
6-18 months- 0o0
18+ months- ^-^ v_v
62
Q

Causes of infant anger

A

frustration, prevented from grabbing (elevated cortisol)

63
Q

The importance of social awareness in emotional development

A

family interactions that bring pride, shame, jealousy, disgust, and guilt

64
Q

Social smile

A

6 weeks

65
Q

Stranger anxiety/wariness

A

fear of unfamiliar people

66
Q

When stranger anxiety/wariness emerges

A

9-14 months

67
Q

Synchrony

A

mutual exchange with split-second timing

68
Q

Self-awareness and when it develops

A

“I am a separate person with my own body and emotions” (Age 1)

69
Q

Separation anxiety

A

distress when mom leaves (9-14 months)

70
Q

Temperament

A

Inborn differences with emotion, activity, measured by typical responses to environment

71
Q

Easy temperament

A

(40% of children) laughter

72
Q

Difficult temperament

A

(10% of children) cry

73
Q

Slow-to-warm-up temperament

A

(15% of children) quiet

74
Q

Hard-to-classify temperament

A

(35% of children) combo of above

75
Q

Social referencing

A

looking at how to react to an unfamiliar environment by looking at someone else’s reaction

76
Q

High quality day-care characteristics

A

1) attention to each infant
2) language
3) safety
4) professional caregivers
5) warm and responsive

77
Q

Trust vs mistrust

A

Erik Erikson, “can the world be trusted to satisfy basic needs?”

78
Q

Autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

succeed or fail in gaining self-rule over their actions/bodies

Child Psychology (9 decks)

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