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HI 101-8 > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Feudalism

A

A way of life based on the ownership and use of land

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2
Q

Fief

A

Land

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3
Q

Chivalry

A

Code of conduct for the nobility and the knights

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4
Q

Heraldry

A

Colorful and unique symbols, emblems, and designs displayed on armor, shields, and banners

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5
Q

Manors

A

Estates that belonged to the nobles

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6
Q

Serfs

A

Farmers of the manors

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7
Q

Demesne

A

The lord’s fields

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8
Q

Steward

A

Supervised overall running of manor and acted as judge in the manor’s court

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9
Q

Bailiff

A

Supervises cultivation of the lord’s demesne, collected rents, inspected serf’s work

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10
Q

Truce of God

A

Forbade fighting from Friday-Sunday

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11
Q

Peace of God

A

Priests denied sacraments to persons who robbed churches, took a serf’s property, or killed non combatants during battles

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12
Q

Pope Urban II

Byzantine emperor

A

Proclaimed beginning of crusades in 1095 for purpose of capturing holy land from Muslims and holding it for Christendom

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13
Q

First Crusade

A

Conquered Jerusalem, Tripoli, Antioch, and edessa

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14
Q

Second crusade

A

Bernard of Clairvaux
Louis VII of France
Conrad III of Germany

Accomplished nothing

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15
Q

Third Crusade

A 
"Crusade of Kings" 
Accomplished little 
Richard I the Lion Hearted
Frederick Barbarossa (German)
Phillip Augustus (French)
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16
Q

Richard I in third crusade

A

Secured Saladin’s agreement to European control of holy land coastal cities and pilgrimage rights to Jerusalem

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17
Q

Frederick Barbarossa

A

(Third crusade)

Drowned in Asia Minor, prompting most of his soldiers to return home

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18
Q

Phillip Augustus

A

(Third crusade)

Led his men back to Europe…

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19
Q

Fourth crusade

A

Never even reaches Holy land, instead plundered Constantinople, a city of Christendom

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20
Q

Burgs

A

New towns that sprang up beside fortresses

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21
Q

Guilds

A

An early form of trade unionism, consisted of voluntary associations among merchants, artisans, and craftsmen

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22
Q

Hanseatic League

A

A confederation of northern German towns forming trade alliances

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23
Q

Flanders

A

A low-lying region in western Belgium; important center of trade and culture

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24
Q

Medici

A

A leading banking family

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25
Q

Black Death

A

A bubonic plague that killed 1/3 to 1/2 of Europe’s population

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26
Q

Salerno

A

First medieval university

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27
Q

Trivium

A

Grammar, rhetoric, logic

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28
Q

Quadrivium

A

Arithmetic, music, geometry, astronomy

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29
Q

Scholasticism

A

An attempt to combine Greek philosophy with Romanism

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30
Q

Thomas Aquinas

Italian

A

“Dumb Ox”; Thomism

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31
Q

Thomism

A

Denied totality of man’s sinful nature and his dependence upon God for everything

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32
Q

William of Ockham

English

A

Believes holy scriptures were the only true authority

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33
Q

John Wycliffe

A

Began the first translation of Bible into english; followers called Lollards

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34
Q

John Huss

A

Wycliffe’ writings helped him to see the light; followers (Hussites) printed first non-Catholic hymnbook in modern history

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35
Q

Gerhard Groote

A

Founded and organized the brethren of the common life

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36
Q

Thomas à Kempis

A

Wrote “The Imitation of Christ”

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37
Q

Dante

A

Wrote “Divine Comedy”

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38
Q

Geoffrey Chaucer

A

“The Canterbury Tales”

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39
Q

Emphasis of Italian renaissance

A

Humanities

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40
Q

Humanities

A

History, grammar, rhetoric, poetry

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41
Q

Petrarch

A

“Father of Humanism”

Wrote “Letters to Ancient Authors”

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42
Q

Boccaccio

A

Wrote “The Decameron”

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43
Q

The only book of lasting importance during Italian renaissance

A

“The Prince”

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44
Q

Wrote “The Prince”

A

Niccolò Machiavelli

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45
Q

Patrons

A

People who use their own money to support the arts

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46
Q

Tried to make paintings look real; “the Last Judgement”

A

Giotto

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47
Q

The three geniuses

A

Leonardo da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo

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48
Q

Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

A

Leonardo da Vinci

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49
Q

(Known for brilliant use of color)

Sistine Madonna, The School of Athens

A

Raphael

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50
Q

Sistine Chapel, David, Moses

Supported by Medici family

A

Michelangelo

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51
Q

Greatest Italian lyric poet of 16th century

A

Michelangelo

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52
Q

Invented movable type printing press

A

Johann Gutenberg 1440

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53
Q

Gutenberg Bible

A

Gutenberg produced first printed edition of the Bible in 1456

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54
Q

Earliest know inhabitants of British Isles

A

Celts

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55
Q

Anglo-Saxons

A

Jutes, Angles, and Saxons who conquered Britain

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56
Q

Greatest Saxon poem that still remains

A

Beowulf

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57
Q

First Archbishop of Canterbury

A

Augustine

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58
Q

Archbishop of Canterbury

A

Most influential church office in England

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59
Q

The first great king of England

A

Alfred the great

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60
Q

Became king when Vikings conquered England, increased foreign trade, surprisingly popular with English men

A

Canute the Dane

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61
Q

William the Conqueror fought Harold Godwin for the throne

A

Battle of Hastings

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62
Q

Who won the battle of Hastings?

A

William the Conqueror

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63
Q

Who were the two notable Norman kings?

A

William the Conqueror and Henry I

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64
Q

Implemented the Domesday Book and the Great Council

A

William the Conqueror

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65
Q

Domesday book

A

Census

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66
Q

Great Council

A

Composed only of chief vassals

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67
Q

William the Conqueror’s son; reign characterized by wisdom and fairness

A

Henry I

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68
Q

Implemented the “Charter of Liberties” and the Exchequer

A

Henry I

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69
Q

Henry I promised to end heavy taxation of he nobles and the church, and not to abuse his power as king…

A

“Charter of Liberties”

70
Q

Nobles and administrators who looked after the government’s finances and acted as judges over revenue matters

A

the Exchequer

71
Q

Initiated the Plantagenet line of kings

A

Henry II

72
Q

Laws common to all Englishmen

A

Common law

73
Q

Group of people called to give a verdict in regard to a legal matter

A

Trial by jury

74
Q

Henry II’s son

A

Richard I

75
Q

Richard I’s mother who maintained the realm in his absence

A

Eleanor of Aquitaine

76
Q

Most hated king in English history

A

John

77
Q

Richard I’s brother

A

John

78
Q

Where king John signed the Magna Carta in 1215

A

Runnymede

79
Q

Magna Carta

A

Forbade king to levy new taxes…
Habeas corpus
Trial by jury and due process of law

80
Q

Habeas corpus

A

The right of an arrested person to appear before a court to determine if his imprisonment is legal

81
Q

Constitution

A

A written plan which sets up a form of government and establishes its basic governing principles

82
Q

Called the first meeting of parliament in 1265

A

Simon de Montfort

83
Q

Simon de Montfort

A

Called first meeting of parliament in 1265

84
Q

Representative government

A

Parliament

85
Q

Model Parliament

A

Edward I

86
Q

Edward I

A

Model Parliament

87
Q

What did Parliament set up during the reign of Edward III

A

House of Lords

House of Commons

88
Q

House of Lords

A

Great nobles and high church leaders

89
Q

House of Commons

A

Representatives came together to represent entire English nation

90
Q

(Hundred Years’ War)

England won famous battles at…

A

Crécy, Poitiers, Agincourt

91
Q

(Hundred Years’ War)

England lost all its land in France except…

A

Calais

92
Q

(The Wars of the Roses)

Red rose…

A

House of Lancaster

93
Q

(The Wars of the Roses)

White rose

A

House of York

94
Q

The Lancasters “won” the Wars of the Roses in 1485 at…

A

The Battle of Bosworth Field

95
Q

First Tudor king of England

A

Henry VII

96
Q

When did the Tudor line of kings begin?

A

After the Wars of the Roses

97
Q

(France)

Began Capetian line– beginning of the modern French nation

A

Hugh Capet

98
Q

The only thing Hugh Capet controlled

A

Ile-de-France

99
Q

Made the French monarchy stronger than any other single noble in France

A

Philip II (Augustus)

100
Q

Began quarrel with __________ over whether the king could tax the clergy without the pope’s consent;
“Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy”

A

Philip IV began quarrel with Boniface VIII

101
Q

“Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy”

A

Quarrel between Philip IV and Boniface VIII

102
Q

Estates-General

A

French version of Parliament

103
Q

French version of Parliament

A

Estates-General

104
Q

Results of Hundred Years’ War

A
  1. Estates-General face taxation rights to king
  2. French developed real hatred of foreigners, especially English
  3. Feudalism ended
105
Q

Who invented the long bow?

A

The Welsh

106
Q

Used for navigation

A

Kmal

107
Q

Spain and Portugal are located on the…

A

Iberian peninsula

108
Q

The romans’ name for Spain

A

Hispania

109
Q

Who invaded Spain in 711?

A

Moors

110
Q

The most famous alcazar (palace) in Spain?

A

Alhambra

111
Q

Spanish national hero

A

El Cid

112
Q

Ferdinand was from

A

Aragon

113
Q

Isabella was from

A

Castile

114
Q

Ferdinand and Isabella married and united WHAT two kingdoms in Spain?

A

Aragon and Castile

115
Q

Spanish scholar who wrote grammar book…

A

Antonia de Nebrija

116
Q

Spanish Inquisition…

A

To root up and destroy all “heretics” in Spain

117
Q

The first Grand Inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition

A

Tomás de Torquemada

118
Q

When the Romans conquered Portugal they named it…

A

Lusitania

119
Q

Whose reign marked the beginning of Portugal’s greatest days of glory?

A

John I

120
Q

John I?

A

Reign marked the beginning of Portugal’s greatest days of glory

121
Q

Accomplishment of crusades

A

Revived European interest in trade with the Orient

122
Q

Major objective of the Age of Exploration

A

Finding a sea route to the Far East

123
Q

Began a school of navigators

A

Prince Henry the Navigator

124
Q

First European to reach Far East by sea

A

Vasco da Gama

125
Q

Vasco da Gama

A

First European to reach the Far East by sea

126
Q

October 12, 1492

A

Columbus discovered new world

127
Q

Columbus discovered new world

A

October 12, 1492

128
Q

First great civilization in the Western Hemisphere

A

Mayas

129
Q

Mayas

A

First great civilization in the Western Hemisphere

130
Q

Incas

A

Most important Indian civilization in South America

131
Q

Most important Indian civilization in South America

A

Incas

132
Q

Aztecs

A

Most powerful Native American empire at the beginning of the age of exploration

133
Q

Most powerful Native American empire at the beginning of the age of exploration

A

Aztecs

134
Q

Conquered new world and spread Romanism, by force if necessary

A

Conquistadors

135
Q

Made first Spanish landing in America (Florida)

A

Ponce de León

136
Q

Ponce de León

A

Made first Spanish landing in America (Florida)

137
Q

Vasco de Balboa

A

Crossed isthmus of panama and discovered Pacific Ocean

138
Q

Crossed isthmus of panama and discovered Pacific Ocean

A

Vasco de Balboa

139
Q

Ferdinand Magellan

A

3 year voyage around world

140
Q

Sailed around world

A

Ferdinand Magellan

141
Q

Hernando Cortés

A

Conquered Aztec Indians

142
Q

Conquered Aztec Indians

A

Hernando Cortés

143
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Conquered Inca Indians of Peru

144
Q

Conquered Inca Indians of Peru

A

Francisco Pizarro

145
Q

Francisco Coronado

A

Discovered the Grand Canyon

146
Q

Discovered the Grand Canyon

A

Francisco Coronado

147
Q

Hernando de Soto

A

Discovered Mississippi River

148
Q

Discovered Mississippi River

A

Hernando de Soto

149
Q

Juan Cabrillo

A

Explored coast of California

150
Q

Explores coast of California

A

Juan cabrillo

151
Q

Drawn by Pope Alexander VI in 1493

A

Line of Demarcation

152
Q

Pedro Cabral

A

Discovered Brazil

153
Q

Discovered Brazil

A

Pedro Cabral

154
Q

Giovanni de Verrazano (Italian, but explored for France)

A

Explored eastern coast of North America

155
Q

Explored eastern coast of North America

A

Giovanni de Verrazano

156
Q

Jacques Cartier

A

Discovered St. Lawrence River

157
Q

Discovered St. Lawrence River

A

Jacques Cartier

158
Q

John Cabot

A

First modern explorer to reach North American mainland

159
Q

First modern explorer to reach North American mainland

A

John Cabot

160
Q

Founded Newfoundland

A

John Cabot

161
Q

1060

A

University of Salerno

162
Q

1095-1099

A

First crusade / Crusaders establish 4 kingdoms in holy land

163
Q

1334-1351

A

Black Death in Europe kills 25 million people

164
Q

1382

A

First English bible

165
Q

1440

A

Gutenberg invents movable type printing press

166
Q

1066

A

Battle of Hastings/ beginning of Norman conquest

167
Q

1215

A

Magna Carta

168
Q

1295

A

Model Parliament in England

169
Q

1302

A

First meeting of estates general (France)

170
Q

1492

A

King Ferdinand and queen Isabella of Spain defeat last moorish kingdom in Spain/ Columbus discovered new world/ Spanish Inquisition begins

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