Test #4 Flashcards
What 3 tests classify Azotemia?
BUN, Creatinine, and USG
Pre-Renal Azotemia
Before the kidneys
^BUN, Creatinine, and USG
Urine is concentrated
Causes of Pre-Renal Azotemia
Poor perfusion and inadequate circulation
Decreased glomerular filtration
Shock, CHF, and hypovolemia
Primary Renal Azotemia
Issue with the kidney it’s self
^ BUN and Creat and FIXED USG
Urine is dilute
Causes of Primary Azotemia
2/3-3/4 nephrons are non-functional
lead, drug and arcinic toxins
Snake venom
What 2 things are not working during primary Azotemia?
Glomerular filtration and Renal tubular function
Post-Renal Azotemia
After the kidneys
^ BUN, CREAT, and USG
Urine is concentrated
Causes of Post-Renal Azotemia
Urinary obstruction or rupture
Laws of diffusion are broke
Post-Renal Azotemia is considered an _____, because?
EMERGENCY
can back up and cause primary renal azotemia
Post-Renal Azotemia Tx
IV fluids
What does it mean when you have an ^ PCV/TP and V/D along with Post-Renal Azotemia?
pt also has Pre-Renal Azotemia = poor prognosis
Griffin Beaker
Graduated
Used for holding and mixing solutions
Not accurate for measuring
Erlenmeyer Flask
Graduated
Not accurate for measuring
Narrow neck and flat bottom
Used for holding and mixing
Volumetric Flask
Measures one Volume only- 500mls
Long neck and round bottom
Graduated Cylinder
Graduated
Measures Volume, choose the smallest that will hold solution
Cuvette
Test Tube
Measures Spectrophotometry by the amt of light transmitted/absorbed thru a solution= amt of glucose in urine
Pasteur Pipette
Transfer pipette
Glass with a bulb, disposable
Used to remove serum or plasma from tube
Not for measuring
Plastic Transfer Pipette
Plastic
Not used for measuring
Serological Pipette
Glass, Graduated
Used with pipette bulb or pump
Measures volume
Volumetric Pipette
Glass, bulge in the middle
Measures one volume only- 5mls
most accurate, but $$$
Two types of Volumetric Pipettes
TC= To Contain TD= To Deliver
Automatic Pipette
Micro pipette
Measures one volume only
Measured in ul
Tips are disposable
1000 ul = ____ ml?
1 ml
ex: 30 ul = 0.03 ml
Final Microscopic Magnification
Oculars (10) x Objective (4, 10, 40, or 100)
Centrifuge Blood at?
6000rpm/5 min
Centrifuge Urine at?
1500rpm/3-5 min
Wet Chem. Analyzers
Spectrophotometer= measures CSF and TP
Dry Chem. Analyzers
Vet Test, AEVH, and IDEXX= measures Glucose, Electrolytes, ALT, BUN, and Creat.
Automated Hemo. Machines
Mascot= CBC
Quality Control or assurance ensures what?
The accuracy of results
T/F
RBC’s utilized bilirubin 10% every hour
False- glucose
T/F
CSF is good for 2 hours if refrigerated
False- 15-30min. at room temp.
T/F
The amount of formalin used to preserve tissue should be 10X the specimens volume
True
T/F
it is okay to freeze a body for official necropsy
False
T/F
if a lab test requires serum, or plasma, it is not important to remove it ASAP
False- RBCs will break down glucose
T/F
hemolysis and lipemia usually do not interfere with lab tests
False
T/F
Lipemia may be avoided by fasting the patient before drawing blood
True
T/F
beakers and volumetric flasks are accurate for measuring volume
False- for holding and mixing
T/F
when measuring liquid in a pipette, the top of the meniscus should be on the line
False
T/F
Quality control should include keeping maintenance logs and control logs
True
T/F
Cold lab equipment is best when preforming semen evaluations
False- they like hot!!
T/F
An Erlenmeyer Flask is used to measure volume
False- holding and mixing
T/F
a pasteur pipette is used for measuring volume
False- transferring solutions
T/F
You should always wipe the outside of the pipette for excess solution. Just be careful to avoid wicking
True
T/F
Effusions should be placed in a RTT for bacterial culture and a LTT for cytology
True
T/F
If the 40X objective is in place, then the final magnification is 400X
True
T/F
Blood is generally spun at 600rpm for 5min.
True
Why is serum the preferred sample biochemical profiling?
To avoid anti-coagulant interference
What kind of sample is the exception to the serum rule?
Lithium Heparin Plasma
How would you preserve a tissue specimen?
French bread slices
Tube initials that you “Blow Out”
TC
What are 2 general ways of preserving a patient specimen?
chemical or decrease temp
What 2 agencies monitor quality control?
AAHA & OSHA
