Final Practical

Question 1

Renal threshold Dog/Cat

Answer 1

160-180 mg/dl

280-300 mg/dl

Question 2

Normal blood glucose for dogs

Answer 2

100mg/dl

Question 3

How long is a urine sample good for in the refrigerator/room temp

Answer 3

6hrs. refrig

30min. room temp

Question 4

4 methods of collecting a urine sample

Answer 4

Voided/free catch
Manual expression
Catheterization
Cystocentesis

Question 5

What happens to urine if left out too long?

Answer 5

Bacteria multiplies
Crystals increase
Urine becomes cloudy
Cells disintegrate
pH changes

Question 6

How to preserve urine

Answer 6

1gtt of 40% formaldehyde to 1 oz. urine

Question 7

4 parts to a routine U/A

Answer 7

Macroscopic
USG
Urine chemistries
Microscopic

Question 8

Fixed USG range

Answer 8

1.008-1.012

2/3 - 3/4 of the nephrons are non-functional

Question 9

Normal BUN

Answer 9

7-27mg/dl

Question 10

Normal USG in dog

Answer 10

1.018-1.045

Question 11

Normal creatinine in Dog/Cat

Answer 11

0. 5-1.8mg/dl

0. 8-2.4mg/dl

Question 12

Centrifuge urine at ____rpm for ___ min.
Pour off ____
resuspend the ___
scan on ___ and do final analysis on __

Answer 12

1500, 3min
supernatent
sediment
10X, 40X

Question 13

Sulfosalicylic Acid Test

Answer 13

confirms the presence of protein in urine

Question 14

Blood spun at ____ for ____

Answer 14

6000rpm for 5min

Question 15

Why is serum the preferred sample for biochemical profiling, and what is the exception?

Answer 15

To avoid anticoag. interference

lithium heprin plasma

Question 16

Tube used for effusions- bacterial & cytology

Answer 16

Bacterial- RTT

Cytology- LTT

Question 17

Griffin beaker

Answer 17

Come in all sizes
Graduated
NOT accurate for measuring
used for holding and mixing

Question 18

Erlenmeyer Flask

Answer 18

Narrow neck and flared bottom
Graduated
NOT accurate for measuring
used for holding and mixing

Question 19

Volumetric Flask

Answer 19

Long neck and round bottom

Measures one volume only

Question 20

Graduated cylinder

Answer 20

Different sizes
Graduated
Choose smallest that will hold
Used for measuring

Question 21

Pasture Pipette

Answer 21

Glass pipette with a bulb
Disposable
Remove serum or plasma from tube of blood
NOT for measuring

Question 22

Plastic transfer Pipette

Answer 22

plastic pipette
disposable
NOT used for measuring

Question 23

Serological Pipette

Answer 23

Glass
Graduated
Use with bulb or pump
Measures volume

Question 24

Volumetric Pipette
TC
TD

Answer 24

Glass
Bulge in the middle 
Measures one volume only 
Most accurate for measuring volume 
TC= To Contain- blow out 
TD= To Deliver

Question 25

Automatic pipette

Answer 25

Used to measure very small quantities
One volume only
Measured in ul

Question 26

Squamous Epithelial cells

Answer 26

Largest epithelial cells
Nucleus the size of RBC
May be seen in singles or clusters
Mild amounts normal

Question 27

Transitional Epithelial cells

Answer 27

Smooth, solid edges 
Vary in size and shape 
Bigger than WBC
Large nucleus
Granular 
Normal in small amounts

Question 28

Leukocytes

Answer 28

1.5-2X bigger than RBCs

Usually seen with bacteria

Question 29

Erythrocytes

Answer 29

Smaller than WBCs
<5/hpf = normal
can look crenated or swollen
look similar to fat droplets

Question 30

Triple Phosphate (struvites)

Answer 30

Coffin lids
3-D
Raised in center
Colorless

Question 31

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

Answer 31

colorless

dumbell shaped

Question 32

Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate

Answer 32

Envelopes
Colorless
3-D

Question 33

Hippuric Acid

Answer 33

Picket fence

are NOT 3-D

Question 34

Calcium Carbonate Crystal

Answer 34

Yellowish-Brown
Dumbell shaped
Round with radial striations

Question 35

Bilirubin Crystals

Answer 35

Spiky “twigs”

yellow-gold

Question 36

Ammonium Biurate Cystals

Answer 36

Thron apples
Round with spicules
Dark brown

Question 37

Cystine Crystals

Answer 37

6-sided stop sign

Flat & colorless

Question 38

Tyrosine & Leucine

Answer 38

Seen together
Tyrosine= long cluster of spiky needles
Leucine= grapefruits

Question 39

Uric acid crystals

Answer 39

Chips of broken glass

Question 40

Cholesterol Crystals

Answer 40

flat
colorless
stair steps

Question 41

Hyaline Casts

Answer 41

Colorless
Parallel sides with round edges
Hard to see

Question 42

Granular Cast

Answer 42

Looks like hyaline cast with granules

Question 43

Erythrocyte Cast

Answer 43

Deep yellow-orange

Cherries in jello

Question 44

Leukocyte cast

Answer 44

Unorganized arrangement

Appear granular

Question 45

Epithelial Casts

Answer 45

Look like leukocyte cast, only organized

Question 46

Waxy cast

Answer 46

Rare!
Broad, square edges
Opaque and brittle

Question 47

Blank cuvette

Answer 47

Reagent only

Question 48

Standard cuvette

Answer 48

Standard solution only

Question 49

Control cuvette

Answer 49

Control solution + reagent

Question 50

Patient cuvette

Answer 50

Serum + reagent

Question 51

Colorimetry

Answer 51

Lab technique used to measure concentration of a solution by intensity of its color

Question 52

CSF time

Answer 52

15-30 min room temp

Question 53

How to preserve pt. specimens

Answer 53

Decrease temp.
Anticoagulants
10% formalin should be 10X specimen volume
cut tissue like “french bread”

Question 54

PCV normals

Answer 54

37-55%

Question 55

TP normals

Answer 55

5-7 g/dl

Question 56

RBC normals

Answer 56

5-10 (X1000)

Question 57

WBC normals

Answer 57

6-17 (X1000)

Question 58

Urobilin units

Answer 58

mg/dl

Question 59

Glucose units

Answer 59

mg/dl

Question 60

Protein units

Answer 60

mg/dl

Question 61

No units

Answer 61

USG

pH