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Clinical Chemistry -Angela Taibo > Final Practical > Flashcards

Final Practical Flashcards

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1
Q

Renal threshold Dog/Cat

A

160-180 mg/dl

280-300 mg/dl

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2
Q

Normal blood glucose for dogs

A

100mg/dl

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3
Q

How long is a urine sample good for in the refrigerator/room temp

A

6hrs. refrig

30min. room temp

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4
Q

4 methods of collecting a urine sample

A

Voided/free catch
Manual expression
Catheterization
Cystocentesis

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5
Q

What happens to urine if left out too long?

A 
Bacteria multiplies
Crystals increase
Urine becomes cloudy
Cells disintegrate
pH changes
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6
Q

How to preserve urine

A

1gtt of 40% formaldehyde to 1 oz. urine

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7
Q

4 parts to a routine U/A

A

Macroscopic
USG
Urine chemistries
Microscopic

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8
Q

Fixed USG range

A

1.008-1.012

2/3 - 3/4 of the nephrons are non-functional

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9
Q

Normal BUN

A

7-27mg/dl

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10
Q

Normal USG in dog

A

1.018-1.045

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11
Q

Normal creatinine in Dog/Cat

A
  1. 5-1.8mg/dl

0. 8-2.4mg/dl

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12
Q

Centrifuge urine at ____rpm for ___ min.
Pour off ____
resuspend the ___
scan on ___ and do final analysis on __

A

1500, 3min
supernatent
sediment
10X, 40X

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13
Q

Sulfosalicylic Acid Test

A

confirms the presence of protein in urine

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14
Q

Blood spun at ____ for ____

A

6000rpm for 5min

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15
Q

Why is serum the preferred sample for biochemical profiling, and what is the exception?

A

To avoid anticoag. interference

lithium heprin plasma

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16
Q

Tube used for effusions- bacterial & cytology

A

Bacterial- RTT

Cytology- LTT

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17
Q

Griffin beaker

A

Come in all sizes
Graduated
NOT accurate for measuring
used for holding and mixing

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18
Q

Erlenmeyer Flask

A

Narrow neck and flared bottom
Graduated
NOT accurate for measuring
used for holding and mixing

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19
Q

Volumetric Flask

A

Long neck and round bottom

Measures one volume only

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20
Q

Graduated cylinder

A

Different sizes
Graduated
Choose smallest that will hold
Used for measuring

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21
Q

Pasture Pipette

A

Glass pipette with a bulb
Disposable
Remove serum or plasma from tube of blood
NOT for measuring

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22
Q

Plastic transfer Pipette

A

plastic pipette
disposable
NOT used for measuring

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23
Q

Serological Pipette

A

Glass
Graduated
Use with bulb or pump
Measures volume

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24
Q

Volumetric Pipette
TC
TD

A 
Glass
Bulge in the middle 
Measures one volume only 
Most accurate for measuring volume 
TC= To Contain- blow out 
TD= To Deliver
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25
Q

Automatic pipette

A

Used to measure very small quantities
One volume only
Measured in ul

26
Q

Squamous Epithelial cells

A

Largest epithelial cells
Nucleus the size of RBC
May be seen in singles or clusters
Mild amounts normal

27
Q

Transitional Epithelial cells

A 
Smooth, solid edges 
Vary in size and shape 
Bigger than WBC
Large nucleus
Granular 
Normal in small amounts
28
Q

Leukocytes

A

1.5-2X bigger than RBCs

Usually seen with bacteria

29
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Smaller than WBCs
<5/hpf = normal
can look crenated or swollen
look similar to fat droplets

30
Q

Triple Phosphate (struvites)

A

Coffin lids
3-D
Raised in center
Colorless

31
Q

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

A

colorless

dumbell shaped

32
Q

Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate

A

Envelopes
Colorless
3-D

33
Q

Hippuric Acid

A

Picket fence

are NOT 3-D

34
Q

Calcium Carbonate Crystal

A

Yellowish-Brown
Dumbell shaped
Round with radial striations

35
Q

Bilirubin Crystals

A

Spiky “twigs”

yellow-gold

36
Q

Ammonium Biurate Cystals

A

Thron apples
Round with spicules
Dark brown

37
Q

Cystine Crystals

A

6-sided stop sign

Flat & colorless

38
Q

Tyrosine & Leucine

A

Seen together
Tyrosine= long cluster of spiky needles
Leucine= grapefruits

39
Q

Uric acid crystals

A

Chips of broken glass

40
Q

Cholesterol Crystals

A

flat
colorless
stair steps

41
Q

Hyaline Casts

A

Colorless
Parallel sides with round edges
Hard to see

42
Q

Granular Cast

A

Looks like hyaline cast with granules

43
Q

Erythrocyte Cast

A

Deep yellow-orange

Cherries in jello

44
Q

Leukocyte cast

A

Unorganized arrangement

Appear granular

45
Q

Epithelial Casts

A

Look like leukocyte cast, only organized

46
Q

Waxy cast

A

Rare!
Broad, square edges
Opaque and brittle

47
Q

Blank cuvette

A

Reagent only

48
Q

Standard cuvette

A

Standard solution only

49
Q

Control cuvette

A

Control solution + reagent

50
Q

Patient cuvette

A

Serum + reagent

51
Q

Colorimetry

A

Lab technique used to measure concentration of a solution by intensity of its color

52
Q

CSF time

A

15-30 min room temp

53
Q

How to preserve pt. specimens

A

Decrease temp.
Anticoagulants
10% formalin should be 10X specimen volume
cut tissue like “french bread”

54
Q

PCV normals

A

37-55%

55
Q

TP normals

A

5-7 g/dl

56
Q

RBC normals

A

5-10 (X1000)

57
Q

WBC normals

A

6-17 (X1000)

58
Q

Urobilin units

A

mg/dl

59
Q

Glucose units

A

mg/dl

60
Q

Protein units

A

mg/dl

61
Q

No units

A

USG

pH

Clinical Chemistry -Angela Taibo (14 decks)

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