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Clinical Chemistry -Angela Taibo > Test #3 > Flashcards

Test #3 Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F

Glucosuria in cats occurs when blood glucose exceeds 160mg/dl

A

False

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2
Q

T/F

HBO, Hemolysis, and Liver Disease are possible causes for bilirubinuria

A

True

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3
Q

T/F

Herbivores generally have alkaline urine and thus tend to have casts in urine

A

False

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4
Q

T/F

0-Trace of ketones can be normal to see in urine

A

False

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5
Q

T/F

Hard stones with sharp protrusions that can damage the bladder describes struvites

A

False

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6
Q

T/F

Erythrocyte casts can be normal or indicate bleeding in the kidney

A

False

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7
Q

T/F

All stones are pH dependent

A

False

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8
Q

T/F

BUN and Creatinine are used to measure glomerular filtration

A

True

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9
Q

T/F

Creatinine may increase due to extreme muscle exertion

A

False - Constant rate

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10
Q

T/F

A decreased USG can cause crenated RBCs

A

False

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11
Q

T/F

Horse urine is cloudy due to mucus and calcium oxalate crystals

A

False - Carbonate

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12
Q

T/F

Fat droplets can resemble intact RBC under the microscope

A

True

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13
Q

T/F

When scanning urine we scan on 10X and do a final analysis on 40X

A

True

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14
Q

T/F
When looking at urinary sediment it is important to “cruise” around the edges of the coverslip because crystals and cells sometimes settle there

A

True

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15
Q

T/F

“Bladder Sludge” seen in alkaline urine is reported out as Amorphous Urates

A

False

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16
Q

T/F

BUN, Creatinine, and USG will be elevated when 2/3-3/4 nephrons are nonfunctional.

A

False

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17
Q

T/F

The blood reagent pad detects RBC, Myoglobin, and Hgb

A

True

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18
Q

T/F

Leukocyte casts have a disorganized arrangement of cells

A

True

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19
Q

T/F

Oxalate uroliths form in acidic urine and are most commonly caused by a bacterial infection due to urease+ bacteria

A

False- Struvites

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20
Q

A fixed USG has a range of _____ and indicates that _____ of nephrons are nonfunctional.

A

1.008-1.012

2/3-3/4

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21
Q

Something upon which a stone can form on defines

A

Nidus

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22
Q

The normal BUN for the dog is

A

7-27mg/dl

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23
Q

Calcium Oxalate monohydrate (hippuric shape) crystals:

A

Indicate ethylene glycol toxicity

24
Q

An opaque cast with broad ends and brittle edges thats never normal to see in urine

A

Waxy Cast

25
Q

A cystocentesis from an intact male cat may contain the following except:

A

1+ Squams

26
Q

Normal equine urine may contain the following except:

A

pH is alkaline
Calcium oxalate dihydrate
Mucous threads
Calcium Carbonate

ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE NORMAL

27
Q

A 17 year old cat presents to your clinic with a BUN of 21mg/dl, Creatinine of 1.2mg/dl and USG of 1.012
This is an example of

A

Not Azotemia

28
Q

A dog in shock come to your clinic with BUN of 69mg/dl, Creatinine of 5.6mg/dl and a USG of 1.045
This is an example of

A

Pre-Renal Azotemia

29
Q

Leukocytes

A

Mistaken with crenated RBC

30
Q

Hematuria can be caused by the following except

A

Free Catch

31
Q

Define Azotemia

A

Increase in non-protein nitrogenous waste in blood

32
Q

Test used to diagnose and classify azotemia

A

BUN
USG
Creatinine

33
Q

Centrifuge urine at ____rpm for ____ min.
pour off the ____
resuspend the _____
Scan on ___ and do a final analysis on ___

A

1500, 3-5
supernatent
sediment
10X, 40X

34
Q

What is the largest cell seen on a U/A

A

Squamous epithelial cells

35
Q

_______ line the bladder, ureters, and proximal part of the urethra

A

Transitional epithelial cells

36
Q

Name the general things that a stone needs to form

A

increase in concentration of minerals
adequate pH
adequate time in urinary bladder

37
Q

Spiky yellow-gold needles normal to see in urine (twigs)

A

Bilirubin

38
Q

Broken glass

A

Uric Acid

39
Q

6-sided stop signs

A

Cystine

40
Q

Picket fence posts

A

Hippuric Acid

41
Q

Envelopes

A

Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate

42
Q

Dumbbells or round with radial striations normal in horses

A

Calcium Carbonate

43
Q

Stair Steps

A

Cholesterol

44
Q

Form in acidic urine

A

Calcium oxalate dihydrate

Calcium oxalate monohydrate

45
Q

Can be seen with liver disease

A

Tyrosine
Leucine
Bilirubin
Ammonium Biurate

46
Q

Can indicate ethylene glycol toxicity

A

Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate
Hippuric Acid

47
Q

Congenital inability to metabolize certain amino acids

A

Cystine

48
Q

T/F

Fatty acid casts may be seen in DM or with fatty diets

A

True

49
Q

T/F

A hyaline cast contains only the Tamm-Horsfall protein

A

True

50
Q

T/F

3-4 granular casts/lpf is normal in urine

A

False

51
Q

T/F

<5 WBC/hpf is normal to see in urine

A

True

52
Q

T/F

Bacteria with WBC may indicate contamination

A

False

53
Q

T/F

Epithelial casts contain squamous epithelial cells

A

False

54
Q

T/F

Patients with DM will have glucosuira, PU/PD, and an increased USG

A

True

55
Q

T/F

Creatinine is excreted at a constant rate regardless of external factors

A

True

56
Q

T/F

BUN is slower to increase than creatinine

A

False

Clinical Chemistry -Angela Taibo (14 decks)

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