Test #3 Flashcards
T/F
Glucosuria in cats occurs when blood glucose exceeds 160mg/dl
False
T/F
HBO, Hemolysis, and Liver Disease are possible causes for bilirubinuria
True
T/F
Herbivores generally have alkaline urine and thus tend to have casts in urine
False
T/F
0-Trace of ketones can be normal to see in urine
False
T/F
Hard stones with sharp protrusions that can damage the bladder describes struvites
False
T/F
Erythrocyte casts can be normal or indicate bleeding in the kidney
False
T/F
All stones are pH dependent
False
T/F
BUN and Creatinine are used to measure glomerular filtration
True
T/F
Creatinine may increase due to extreme muscle exertion
False - Constant rate
T/F
A decreased USG can cause crenated RBCs
False
T/F
Horse urine is cloudy due to mucus and calcium oxalate crystals
False - Carbonate
T/F
Fat droplets can resemble intact RBC under the microscope
True
T/F
When scanning urine we scan on 10X and do a final analysis on 40X
True
T/F
When looking at urinary sediment it is important to “cruise” around the edges of the coverslip because crystals and cells sometimes settle there
True
T/F
“Bladder Sludge” seen in alkaline urine is reported out as Amorphous Urates
False
T/F
BUN, Creatinine, and USG will be elevated when 2/3-3/4 nephrons are nonfunctional.
False
T/F
The blood reagent pad detects RBC, Myoglobin, and Hgb
True
T/F
Leukocyte casts have a disorganized arrangement of cells
True
T/F
Oxalate uroliths form in acidic urine and are most commonly caused by a bacterial infection due to urease+ bacteria
False- Struvites
A fixed USG has a range of _____ and indicates that _____ of nephrons are nonfunctional.
1.008-1.012
2/3-3/4
Something upon which a stone can form on defines
Nidus
The normal BUN for the dog is
7-27mg/dl
Calcium Oxalate monohydrate (hippuric shape) crystals:
Indicate ethylene glycol toxicity
An opaque cast with broad ends and brittle edges thats never normal to see in urine
Waxy Cast
A cystocentesis from an intact male cat may contain the following except:
1+ Squams
Normal equine urine may contain the following except:
pH is alkaline
Calcium oxalate dihydrate
Mucous threads
Calcium Carbonate
ALL OF THE ABOVE ARE NORMAL
A 17 year old cat presents to your clinic with a BUN of 21mg/dl, Creatinine of 1.2mg/dl and USG of 1.012
This is an example of
Not Azotemia
A dog in shock come to your clinic with BUN of 69mg/dl, Creatinine of 5.6mg/dl and a USG of 1.045
This is an example of
Pre-Renal Azotemia
Leukocytes
Mistaken with crenated RBC
Hematuria can be caused by the following except
Free Catch
Define Azotemia
Increase in non-protein nitrogenous waste in blood
Test used to diagnose and classify azotemia
BUN
USG
Creatinine
Centrifuge urine at ____rpm for ____ min.
pour off the ____
resuspend the _____
Scan on ___ and do a final analysis on ___
1500, 3-5
supernatent
sediment
10X, 40X
What is the largest cell seen on a U/A
Squamous epithelial cells
_______ line the bladder, ureters, and proximal part of the urethra
Transitional epithelial cells
Name the general things that a stone needs to form
increase in concentration of minerals
adequate pH
adequate time in urinary bladder
Spiky yellow-gold needles normal to see in urine (twigs)
Bilirubin
Broken glass
Uric Acid
6-sided stop signs
Cystine
Picket fence posts
Hippuric Acid
Envelopes
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate
Dumbbells or round with radial striations normal in horses
Calcium Carbonate
Stair Steps
Cholesterol
Form in acidic urine
Calcium oxalate dihydrate
Calcium oxalate monohydrate
Can be seen with liver disease
Tyrosine
Leucine
Bilirubin
Ammonium Biurate
Can indicate ethylene glycol toxicity
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate
Hippuric Acid
Congenital inability to metabolize certain amino acids
Cystine
T/F
Fatty acid casts may be seen in DM or with fatty diets
True
T/F
A hyaline cast contains only the Tamm-Horsfall protein
True
T/F
3-4 granular casts/lpf is normal in urine
False
T/F
<5 WBC/hpf is normal to see in urine
True
T/F
Bacteria with WBC may indicate contamination
False
T/F
Epithelial casts contain squamous epithelial cells
False
T/F
Patients with DM will have glucosuira, PU/PD, and an increased USG
True
T/F
Creatinine is excreted at a constant rate regardless of external factors
True
T/F
BUN is slower to increase than creatinine
False
