Test #2 Flashcards
Renal threshold of glucose in cats
280-300mg/dl
Cells found on the distal 1/3 of the urethra, vagina, vulva and prepuce
Squams
Normal equine urine may contain the following except
Alkaline pH
Calcium Carbonate Crystals
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate
Mucus
All of the above are normal findings
RBC in urine
Commonly mistaken for fat droplets
Mistaken for WBC when crenated
-Preserved is alkaline urine
1.5-2x smaller than WBC
All except C
Which is not a cause of decreased USG?
DM
Granular precipitates found in acidic urine are reported out as
Amorphous Urates
Acid by-products of fat metabolism defines
Ketones
Ammonium Biurate
Normal in dalmatians Brown in color Thorn Apples Can indicate liver dz can indicate portosystemic shunt
All of the above
In a normal animal a voided sample may contain the following except
Trace Ketones
The following will cause an increased USG except
DI
Bilirubin
Can be normal
Liver dz
Twigs/Koosh balls
Calcium oxalate dihyrate
Can be normal
pH dependent
Ethylene Glycol Toxicity
Envelopes
Calcium oxalate monohydrate
Can be normal
pH dependent
Ethylene Glycol Toxicity
Dumbbells
Hippuric Acid
Never normal
Ethylene Glycol Toxicity
Fence Posts
Cholesterol Crystals
Can be normal
Stair steps
Cystine
Never normal
6-sided stop signs
Calcium Carbonate
Can be normal
Dumbbells
Round with radial striations
Triple Phosphate
Can be normal
pH dependent
Coffin lids
Tyrosine
Never normal
Liver dz
Long cluster of spiky needles
Leucine
Never normal
Liver dz
Wheel or Grapefruit
What is NOT normal to see on a cysto of an intact male cat?
1+ glucose 1+ nitrites 1+ squams Trace bacteria Trace bilirubin
Fixed USG range
1.008-1.012
a fixed USG means that
2/3 to 3/4 nephrons are non-functional
Centrifuge urine at \_\_\_\_\_rpm for \_\_\_\_\_ min. pour off the \_\_\_\_ re-suspend the \_\_\_\_\_ Start scanning on \_\_\_\_ Do final analysis on \_\_\_\_ The condenser should be \_\_\_\_
1,200-1,500 3-5 min Supernatant Sediment 10X 40X Down
T/F:
USG is used to determine glomerular filtration of substances
False
T/F:
Fat droplets may be seen in DM or with fatty diets
True
T/F:
A speckled reaction on the blood reagent pad indicates intact RBCs
True
T/F:
The sulfasalicylic acid test is used to confirm the presence of protein in urine
True
T/F:
The blood reagent pad detects RBC, WBC, and Hgb
False
T/F:
The largest epithelial cells found in urine are renal tubular epithelial cells
False
T/F:
Transitional epithelial line the bladder, ureters, and proximal part of the urethra
True
T/F:
WBC without bacteria generally means contamination
False- obstruction
T/F:
Urease + bacteria creates an acidic urine sample
False
T/F:
Horse urine is normally cloudy due to the presence of mucous threads and calcium carbonate crystals
True
T/F:
A decreased USG may cause RBC to burst
True
T/F:
A refractometer is calibrated using distilled h2o it should have a total protein of 1.000
False
T/F:
The 1.000 scale is sued to read USG and the units are in g/dl
False
T/F:
The normal average USG for the dog is 1.025 The normal range is 1.015-1.025
False - normal 1.018-1.045
T/F:
Dipsticks are loaded from the top to bottom and read from bottom to top
True
T/F:
UTI and Urinary Tract Hemorrhage can both cause proteinuria
True
T/F:
Urine with a high USG will look pale yellow and dilute
False
