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Clinical Chemistry -Angela Taibo > Test #3 > Flashcards

Test #3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which casts are never normal to see in urine?

A

Erythrocyte
Leukocyte
Epithelial
Waxy Casts

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2
Q

What type of protein do hyaline casts contain?

A

Tamm-Horsfall

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3
Q

What urine pH are casts formed and preserved in?

A

Acidic

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4
Q

Fatty acid casts may be seen in patient with____

A

DM or high fat diet

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5
Q

Normal range per lpf for Hyaline & Granular casts is _____

A

1-2/lpf

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6
Q

Epithelial casts contain what kind of cells?

A

Renal Tubular

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7
Q

What are the 2 non-protein nitrogenous waste in blood?

A

BUN/Creatinine

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8
Q

What does BUN & Creatinine measure & diagnose?

A

glomerular filtration

Azotemia

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9
Q

What is Azotemia?

A

an increase in non-protein nitrogenous wastes in blood

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10
Q

The normal BUN for canine and feline

A

7-27mg/dl

16-36mg/dl

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11
Q

Normal Creatinine levels for canine and feline

A
  1. 5-1.8mg/dl

0. 8-2.4mg/dl

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12
Q

Which is slower to increase BUN, or Creatinine?

A

Creatinine

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13
Q

Reason for increased Creatinine

A

Azotemia

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14
Q

Reason for decreased Creatinine

A

Diuresis

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15
Q

Reasons for increase in BUN

A 
Azotemia
increased protein diet
Stress
Strenuous exercise
nerosis
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16
Q

Reasons for decrease in BUN

A

Liver disease
Young animals
Diuresis
Starvation

17
Q

What are the 3 tests used to diagnose and classify Azotemia?

A

USG
BUN
Creatinine

18
Q

An opaque cast with broad ends and brittle edges

A

Waxy cast

19
Q

Cellular cast with disorganized arrangement & indicative of inflammation from pyolonephritis

A

Leukocyte cast

20
Q

Cellular cast that is deep yellow to orange in color, presence indicates bleeding in the kidney

A

Erythrocyte cast

21
Q

Cellular cast with organized arrangement & indicative of renal tubular damage

A

Epithelial cast

22
Q

What do stones need to form

A

Increased concentration of minerals
Adequate pH
Adequate time
+/-Nidus

23
Q

What is a Nidus?

A

something upon which a stone can form (bacteria, crystals, suture)

24
Q

3 most common stones

A

Triple Phosphate
Urate/Ammonium Urate
Calcium Oxalate

25
Q

Triple Phosphate Stone characteristics

A

Alkaline urine
Dogs and cats
Secondary to bacterial infection due to urease + bacteria
Treatment: acidify urine

26
Q

Urate/Ammonium Urate Stone

A 
Uric Acid stone
Common in dalmations
Seen with portosystemic shunt 
Hard to prevent 
Restrict protein
27
Q

Calcium Oxalate Stone

A

Sharp protrusions
Can damage bladder
Acidic urine
Tx: make urine alkaline

Clinical Chemistry -Angela Taibo (14 decks)

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