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Blood Bank > Test 4 > Flashcards

Test 4 Flashcards

0
Q

List five antibodies that are IgM antibodies.

A

Anti- Lea, anti-Leb, anti-I, anti-P1, anti-M, anti-N, anti-Lua
Anti-Lewis

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1
Q

List five antibodies that are IgG antibodies.

A

Anti-K, Anti- Fya, Anti-Fyb, Anti- Jka, Anti-Jkb, anti-S

Anti-kell, anti- Duffy, anti-Kidd

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2
Q

Which class of antibody reacts at room temperature but not at 37 degrees Celsius?

A

IgM

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3
Q

List four antibodies whose reactivity would show increased agglutination if the screening cells were pre-treated with enzymes (do not include Rh system antibodies).

A

Kell, Kidd

Anti-Jka, anti-Jkb, anti-C, anti-K

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4
Q

List four antigens that are removed from the red blood cell membrane by enzyme treatment.

A

M, N, Fya, Fyb

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5
Q

List three antigens that are not expressed on cord blood cells.

A

Lea, Leb, I

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6
Q

Which antigen is most immunogenic next to the D antigen?

A

K

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7
Q

What is another name for the anti-PP1Pk antibody produced by people with the p genotype?

A

Anti-Tja

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8
Q

Which of these antibodies might be present in a patient who has never been transfused nor pregnant?

a. Anti-Lea
b. Anti-Fya
c. Anti-Jka
d. Anti-N
e. Anti-P1
f. Anti-K
g. Anti-Jsa
h. Anti-S

A

a. Anti-Lea
d. Anti-N
e. Anti-P1

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9
Q

List two antigens that are made from another antigen.

A

I, Leb

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10
Q

Which antibodies are very dangerous because their titers fall rapidly to undetectable levels?

A

Kidd antibodies

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11
Q

Which antibody causes paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria? Is it IgM or IgG?

A

Auto anti-P, IgG

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12
Q

If a patient builds an anti-U antibody, which three antigens are not present on their red blood cells?

A

U, S, s

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13
Q

Which antigen is associated with Chronic Granulomatous Disease?

A

Kx

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14
Q

State whether finding compatible blood with the following antibodies would be “easy” or “difficult”
a. Anti-Jsa b. Anti-Kpb c. Anti-K d. Anti-k e. Anti-Fya f. Anti-S g. Anti-s

A

a. Anti-Jsa easy- antigen low incidence
b. Anti-Kpb difficult- antigen high incidence
c. Anti-K easy- antigen low incidence
d. Anti-k difficult- antigen high incidence
e. Anti-Fya easy- antigen low incidence
f. Anti-S easy- antigen low incidence
g. Anti-s easy 10%- antigen low incidence 10%

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15
Q

Describe “dosage” effect.

A

Reaction is going to be stronger with homozygous than heterozygous

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16
Q

Which group of antibodies typically give a “mixed field” agglutination pattern in serological testing?

A

Lua and Lub

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17
Q

What procedure would help distinguish an anti-K and anti-Fya antibody on an Identification Cell Panel?

A

Addition of enzymes

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18
Q

Which antibody agglutinates all adult red blood cells but will not agglutinate Group O cord blood cells?

A

Anti-I

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19
Q

If a patient has the genotype M+N+S-s-, what other antigen is also missing?

A

U antigen

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20
Q

Which of the following antigens is a low incidence antigen?

a. k (cellano)
b. Kpa (Penny)
c. Kpb (Rautenberg)
d. Jsb (Matthews)

A

B. Kpa (Penny)

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21
Q

List three common characteristics of IgG blood group antibodies.

A

React at 37 degrees Celsius
Don’t usually activate complement
Cause HDN

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22
Q

Which antigen is missing from the patient’s red blood cells if they have McLeod syndrome?

A

Kx

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23
Q

Which of the following antibodies might cause Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn?

a. Anti-Lea
b. Anti-K
c. Anti-N
d. Anti-Fya
e. Anti-P1
f. Anti-s

A

b. Anti-K
d. Anti-Fya
f. Anti-s

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24
Q

What procedure could you use to identify an anti-I antibody?

A

Group O cord blood cells

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25
Q

Which antibody causes Cold Agglutinin Disease?

A

I

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26
Q

Which antibody is sometimes formed after infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A

Anti-I

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27
Q

Which antibody is called a “biphasic” antibody? What is another name for this antibody?

A

Auto anti-P

Donath-Landsteiner

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28
Q

Why do we “grade” agglutination reactions?

A

May show there is two antibodies other 1

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29
Q

What procedure can we perform to eliminate interference in the antibody screen or identification panel caused by a cold reacting autoantibody?

A

Pre-warming

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30
Q

Which antibodies causes HDN and HDFN?

A

IgG

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31
Q

Which antibody reacts at 37 degrees (body temp)?

A

IgG

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32
Q

Which antibodies are cold reacting (room temp and below)?

A

IgM

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33
Q

Which antibodies are called clinically insignificant?

A

IgM

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34
Q

How many sets of alleles does the Kell system have and what are they?

A

3
K and k
Kpa and Kpb
Jsa and Jsb

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35
Q

What is the only antibody that is commonly encountered in the Kell system?

A

Anti- K

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36
Q

Which antigens are low frequency in the Kell system?

A

Jsa and Kpa

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37
Q

Which antigens are high frequency in the Kell system?

A

Jsb and Kpb

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38
Q

K antigen is absent in what percentage of people?

A

91%

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39
Q

Do most patients have the ability to build the antibody for K or do they have the antigen?

A

Build the antibody

9% have the antigen

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40
Q

What is the most immunogenic antibody next to the D antigen?

A

Anti- K

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41
Q

Is anti- K IgM or IgG?

A

IgG

42
Q

Does anti-K activate complement?

A

No

43
Q

Is Kx present is most patients?

A

Yes

44
Q

How is Kx antigen inherited? (X or Y)

A

X-linked

45
Q

What can the absences of Kx antigen cause?

A

McLeod syndrome

Chronic Granulomatous disease

46
Q

What alleles are in the Duffy system?

A

Fya and Fyb

47
Q

Are the Duffy system antibodies common or rare?

A

Relatively common

48
Q

What percentage of people can make the Fya antibody?

A

34%

49
Q

What percentage of people can make the Fyb antibody?

A

17%

50
Q

Does Fya and Fyb activate complement? And are they IgM or IgG?

A

No and IgG

51
Q

Can Duffy antigens be removed by enzymes?

A

Yes

52
Q

What are the Kidd alleles?

A

Jka and Jkb

53
Q

Are Kidd system antibodies IgM or IgG? Can they activate complement?

A

IgG and yes

54
Q

Kidd antibodies cause what kind of destruction?

A

Intravascular and extravascular

55
Q

Which antibody titer can rapidly fall to undetectable levels?

A

Kidd antibodies

Jka and Jkb

56
Q

What antibody is the major cause of delayed transfusion reaction?

A

Kidd antibodies

Jkb and Jka

57
Q

Which antibodies are usually produced in association with other antibodies?

A

Kidd antibodies

58
Q

Which antigen is a newborn negative for at birth but can become positive?

A

Lewis

59
Q

Which antigens are absorbed onto the red blood cell after birth?

A

Lewis antigens

60
Q

Are Lewis antigens IgM or IgG

A

IgM

61
Q

Are Lewis antigens clinically insignificant?

A

Yes

62
Q

Which antigen can interfere with room temperature ABO reverse grouping, etc.?

A

Lewis antigen

63
Q

Do Lewis antigens still circulate in body fluids even if you are a nosecretor?

A

Yes

64
Q

How do you get the I antigen?

A

From little i

Newborns only get i antigen which converts to I in the first couple years of life

65
Q

What does everyone build to I?

A

Auto anti-I but it is only reactive at cold temperatures

66
Q

What happen if thermal amplitude rises with auto anti- I?

A

The anti-I attaches to the patients rbcs and causes cold agglutinin disease

67
Q

What detects the I antibody?

A

Group O cord blood

68
Q

What antibody can people with P antigen make? Is the antibody IgG or IgM

A

P1 and IgM

Is clinically insignificant

69
Q

Some people can make auto anti-P antibody, what can it cause?

A

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

70
Q

Is auto anti-P IgG or IgM? Does it activate complement?

A

IgG and yes

71
Q

What is the auto anti-P also called?

A

Donath- Landsteiner antibody

Bi-phasic

72
Q

What is the anti- PP1PK?

A

Antibody made by very rare p people who lack the P system antigens

73
Q

Is ANTI- PP1PK IgG or IgM?

A

IgG

74
Q

Who is p people compatible with?q

A

Only other p people

75
Q

What is the old name for anti-PP1PK?

A

Anti-Tja

76
Q

What are anti- M and anti- N IgM or IgG

A

IgM

77
Q

Anti-S and anti-s are IgG or IgM?

A

IgG

78
Q

Are M and N removed by enzymes?

A

Yes

79
Q

U antigen is present in people who have what?

A

An S or s antigens

80
Q

Is anti- Lua IgG or IgM?

A

IgM and usually clinically insignificant

81
Q

Anti-Lub is IgG or IgM?

A

IgG

82
Q

Is Lutheran antibodies rare or common?

A

Rare

83
Q

Which antibodies have mixed field agglutination?

A

Lutheran

84
Q
  1. Which blood group system possesses the Jsb and Kpa antigens?
    a. Duffy. c. Kell
    b. Lutheran. d. Kidd
A

C

85
Q
  1. An antibody commonly associated with delayed transfusion reactions is:
    a. anti-Lua. c. anti-Jkb
    b. anti-S. d. anti-M
A

C

86
Q
  1. Which phenotype is associated with a resistance to malarial invasion?
    a. Fy(a−b−). c. Le(a−b−)
    b. Jk(a−b−). d. Lu(a−b−)
A

A

87
Q
  1. Enzyme-treated reagent red cells used in antibody identification enhances all of the following antibodies except:
    a. anti-M. c. anti-Jkb
    b. anti-Lea. d. anti-C
A

A

88
Q
  1. Which of these antibodies are typically IgM?
    a. anti-K. e. anti-Leb
    b. anti-S. f. anti-Jkb
    c. anti-U. g. anti-P1
    d. anti-N
A

D
E
G

89
Q
  1. Which of the following reagents destroys the Kell system antigens?
    a. ficin. c. PEG
    b. albumin. d. DTT
A

D

90
Q
  1. Glycophorin A and glycophorin B possess antigen sites for which blood group system?
    a. Duffy. c. Lewis
    b. Kidd. d. MNS
A

D

91
Q
  1. Select the antibody that is characteristically clinically insignificant:
    a. anti-Kpb. c. anti-Leb
    b. anti-S. d. anti-Fya
A

C

92
Q
  1. The McLeod phenotype is associated with:
    a. Rhnull phenotype. c. U-negative phenotype
    b. K0 phenotype. d. absence of Kx antigens
A

D

93
Q
  1. Typing as Lu(a−b−) would be considered:
    a. rare in whites but not blacks. c. rare in all populations
    b. rare in blacks but not whites. d. common in all populations
A

C

94
Q
  1. Cold autoantibodies are usually of which specificity?
    a. I. c. P1
    b. M. d. S
A

A

95
Q
  1. Individuals with the p phenotype can make:
    a. anti-P2. c. anti-P
    b. anti-p. d. anti-Tja
A

D

96
Q
  1. Alleles within the Lewis system include:
    a. Le, le. c. Le, Se, H
    b. Lea, Leb. d. Le, Le
A

A

97
Q
  1. Which of the following antibodies requires the antiglobulin test for in vitro detection?
    a. anti-M. c. anti-U
    b. anti-P1. d. anti-I
A

C

98
Q
  1. What procedure would help to distinguish between an anti-Fya and anti-Jka in an antibody mixture?
    a. lowering the pH of the patient’s serum
    b. using a thiol reagent
    c. running an antibody identification panel
    d. running a ficin-treated panel
A

D

99
Q
  1. Anti-K1:
    a. agglutinates IATs
    b. is usually of the IgM antibody class
    c. does not agglutinate with K+k+ panel cells
    d. loses reactivity in enzyme phases
A

A

100
Q
  1. Which of the following antigens is poorly expressed on cord blood cells?
    a. K1. c. Leb
    b. M. d. D
A

C

101
Q
  1. Reagent antibody screening cells may not detect antibodies directed against low-incidence antigens. Which antibody is most likely to go undetected?
    a. Vel. c. Kpa
    b. S. d. K
A

C

102
Q
  1. Select the disease commonly associated with the McLeod phenotype:
    a. infectious mononucleosis. c. Hodgkin’s disease
    b. chronic granulomatous disease. d. PCH
A

B

103
Q
  1. Which set of antibodies could you possibly find in a patient with no history of transfusion or pregnancy?
    a. anti-I, anti-S, and anti-P. c. anti-A, anti-I, and anti-D
    b. anti-M, anti-c, and anti-B. d. anti-B, anti-I, and anti-Lea
A

D

Blood Bank (6 decks)

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