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Blood Bank > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the first antibody and antigen that was called “RH” now called? and who found these.

A

LW

Landsteiner and Wiener

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2
Q

who discovered the true Rh antigen?

A

Levine and Stetson

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3
Q

what is the true Rh antigen called by Wiener and Fisher-Race?

A

Wiener- Rho

Fisher-Race- D

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4
Q

Co-dominant genes do what?

A

each gene produces an antigen on red cells

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5
Q

Do Rh positive people have an D antigen or not?

A

yes

Rh negative people have NO D antigen

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6
Q

Why do we routinely check for D antigen

A

It is the most antigenic

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7
Q

what happens if a D negative patient receives D positive blood?

A

They develop anti-D antibody

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8
Q

What is the percentage of D positive patients

A

85%

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9
Q

What is meant by weak D antigen

A

weakly Rh positive

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10
Q

how do you detect weak D antigen

A

requires incubation at 37 degrees and addition of antihuman globulin

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11
Q

what are the 3 causes of weak D antigen

A

1) GENE CAUSES LESS ANTIGEN SITES ON RBC
2) BIG C INHERITED IN TRANS TO D CAUSES SUPRESSION OF D ANTIGEN
3) PARTIAL D (MOSAIC) – PART OF THE D ANTIGEN IS MISSING

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12
Q

What is the significance of weak D antigen

A

Donors can be mistakenly called Rh negative when truly positive
pregnant women may really need Rh immune globulin
Newborns are tested to see if they are negative or weak Rh positive

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13
Q

What would be the meaning of Haplotype?

A

inherited as a group of three genes from each parent (CDE/cde)

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14
Q

what is produced if the gene is inherited from either parent?

A

antigen on the red cell

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15
Q

what are the nomenclature for the haplotypes?

A

wiener and Fisher-Race

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16
Q

what type of antibodies are the RH system?

A

IgG

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17
Q

how are the antibodies in the RH system induced?

A

immune induced

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18
Q

In what way could the production of antibodies be induced in a patient?

A

transfusion or pregnancy

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19
Q

What must a patient be to build an antibody?

A

negative for that specific antigen

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20
Q

what are some of the antigens that are produced when genes are inherited in the cis position?

A

Ce
ce (f)
CE
Ce

21
Q

what does a person have to have to produce an G antigen?

A

big C or D gene

22
Q

what does the production of G antibody explain in patients?

A

Rh negative people transfused with Rh negative blood build an apparent anti-D antibody
They build anti-G which looks like they have two antibodies (anti-C and anti-D)

23
Q

what is meant by gene deletion?

A

sometimes people do not inherit a gene

_DE/_de

24
Q

what is it called if the person produces not antigens at all?

A

RH null

25
Q

what do Rh null patients build?

A

antibodies to all antigens when transfused except with another null or their own blood

26
Q

What are Rh null analogous to?

A

Bombay in ABO system

27
Q

Do IgG antibodies of the Rh system activate complement?

A

NO

28
Q

What is required to detect antibodies of the Rh system?

A

INDIRECT ANTIGLOBULIN TEST

37 DEGREE INCUBATION FOLLOWED BY ADDITION OF ANTIHUMAN GLOBULIN

29
Q

what antibodies can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn AND HEMOLYTIC TRANSFUSION REACTION?

A

all antibodies of the Rh system

30
Q

what is the most severe form of HDN caused by?

A

anti-D antibody

31
Q

What does the mother and baby have to be to cause RH HDN?

A

mother is D-negative

baby is D-positive

32
Q

what happens in Rh HDN?

A

antibody crosses the placenta and destroys D-positive cells in future pregnancies

33
Q

how is HDN not prevented?

A

1) ADMINISTERING ANTI-D ANTIBODY DURING PREGNANCY AND WITHIN 3 DAYS FOLLOWING THE BIRTH OF AN RH POSITIVE CHILD
2) ANTI-D IN THE MOTHER’S CIRCULATION DESTROYS RH POSITIVE CELLS BEFORE THE MOTHER IS SENSITIZED TO BUILD ANTIBODY
3) ALSO GIVEN AFTER SPONTANEOUS ABORTION

34
Q

what is the anti-D that is administered to Rh negative mothers called?

A

Rh immune globulin

35
Q

what is the brand name from ortho pharmaceuticals for the Rh immune globulin?

A

RHoGam

different from other manufacturers

36
Q

Rho or Ro

A

D

37
Q

R

A

D

38
Q

1 or ‘

A

C

39
Q

2 or “

A

E

40
Q

R1

A

CDe

41
Q

R2

A

cDE

42
Q

Ro

A

cDe

43
Q

Rz

A

CDE

44
Q

r

A

cde

45
Q

r’

A

Cde

46
Q

r”

A

cdE

47
Q

ry

A

CdE

48
Q

what is the nomenclature for weak D

A

Du

Blood Bank (6 decks)

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