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Blood Bank > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what antibodies make up the ABO system

A

IgG & IgM

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2
Q

which antibody reacts at body temperature

A

IgM

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3
Q

Do antibodies present WITHOUT previous red cell stimulation

A

yes

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4
Q

when are antibodies presented in the body

A

first few months after birth

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5
Q

what are the Landsteiner’s rules

A
  1. YOU MUST BE NEGATIVE FOR THE ANTIGEN IN ORDER TO BUILD THE ANTIBODY
  2. YOU DON’T BUILD ANTIBODIES TO YOUR OWN ANTIGENS (this is generally true, except in autoimmune disease)
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6
Q

what gene is a amorph

A

O gene

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7
Q

Inheritance of an A gene causes what

A

A antigen on red cells

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8
Q

inheritance of an B gene causes what

A

B antigen on red cells

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9
Q

What do Group O have on red cells

A

no antigens

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10
Q

what do group AB have on their cells

A

A and B antigen

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11
Q

what antibody do Group A have in their plasma

A

anti-B

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12
Q

what antibody do Group B have in their plasma

A

anti-A

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13
Q

what antibody do Group B have in their plasma

A

anti- A anti B & anti-A,B

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14
Q

In the American Caucasian population, Group O is what percentage?

A

45%

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15
Q

In the American Caucasian population, Group A is what percentage?

A

40%

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16
Q

In the American Caucasian population, Group B is what percentage?

A

11%

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17
Q

In the American Caucasian population, Group AB is what percentage?

A

4%

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18
Q

what group is the universal donor of red cells and most desired?

A

Group O

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19
Q

what do we use to detect antigens on red cells

A

commercially prepared antibodies

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20
Q

what do we use to detect the antibodies in the plasma?

A

commercially prepared A1 and B cells

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21
Q

what determines the ABO group (forward Grouping)

A

the antigens on red cells

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22
Q

what confirms the ABO grouping

A

antibodies in the patients plasma (Reverse grouping, also called Backtype)

23
Q

ANTI-A (4+), ANTI-B (0), ANTI-A,B (4+), A1 CELLS (0), B CELLS (4+)

A

Group A

24
Q

ANTI-A (0), ANTI-B (4+), ANTI-A,B (4+), A1 CELLS (4+), B CELLS (0)

A

Group B

25
Q

ANTI-A (0), ANTI-B (0), ANTI-A,B (0), A1 CELLS (4+), B CELLS (4+)

A

Group O

26
Q

ANTI-A (4+), ANTI-B (4+), ANTI-A,B (4+), A1 CELLS (0), B CELLS (0)

A

Group AB

27
Q

what can you transfuse group O red cells to

A

all ABO groups

28
Q

what can you transfuse to a O person

A

only O

29
Q

what can you transfuse to a AB person

A

any abo group

30
Q

what can you transfuse to a A person

A

O and A

31
Q

what can you transfuse to a B person

A

O and B

32
Q

You need to inherit what type of gene to build antigens on your red cells

A

H gene

33
Q

What do all group O people do with the H antigen

A

they retain all there H antigen because they do not inherit an A or B gene to convert it to.

34
Q

What does a failure to inherit an H gene result in?

A

Bombay phenotype (hh)

35
Q

what are the 4 phenotypes for transfusion

A

A, B, O, AB

36
Q

when is the only time it matters that there are six phenotypes and 10 genotypes

A

ANTI-A1 ANTIBODY PRODUCED BY A2 OR A2B INDIVIDUALS

37
Q

ANTI-A (4+), ANTI-B (0), ANTI-A,B (4+), A1 CELLS (2+), B CELLS (4+)

A

A2

38
Q

ABO genes are Codominant, what does that mean

A

YOU ONLY NEED THE GENE FROM ONE PARENT IN ORDER TO BUILD THE ANTIBODY

39
Q

when are subgroups of A important

A

when testing donor blood

40
Q

what antibody detects most subgroups of A

A

anti a,b antibody

41
Q

What is the most common of the subgroups of A

A

A3

42
Q

how is A3 recognized

A

by observing mixed field agglutination

43
Q

what extract reacts with antigen H

A

ulex europaeus

44
Q

what extract reacts with antigen a1

A

dolichos biflorus

45
Q

what percentage of group A are A1 and A2

A

A1- 80%

A2- 20%

46
Q

what is the universal recipient of red cells

A

AB

47
Q

what is the universal donor of plasma cells

A

AB

48
Q

what percentage of people secrete A and B antigens and H antigens into their body fluids

A

80%

49
Q

IF YOU INHERIT AN “H” GENE AND A SECRETOR (Se) GENE, BUT NO LEWIS (Le) GENE

A

Le(a-b-)

50
Q

IF YOU INHERIT AN “H” GENE, A “Le” GENE, BUT NO SECRETOR GENE (sese) THEN YOU MAKE LEWIS A ANTIGEN ON YOUR RED CELLS BUT YOU CANNOT CONVERT IT TO LEWIS B ANTIGEN.

A

Le(a+b-)

51
Q

IF YOU INHERIT AN “H” GENE, A “Le” GENE, AND A “Se” GENE THEN YOU MAKE LEWIS A ANTIGEN ON YOUR RED BLOOD CELLS BUT BECAUSE YOU HAVE ALL THREE GENES THE LEWIS A ANTIGEN IS CONVERTED TO LEWIS B ANTIGEN

A

Le(a-b+)

52
Q

what do you do to get a elderly patients antibodies to show

A

IF YOU INCUBATE THE TESTS AT ROOM TEMPERATURE FOR 15 MINUTES OR, BETTER YET, AT REFRIGERATOR TEMPS FOR 5 MINUTES, THEN THE AGGLUTINATION WILL USUALLY BE THERE (WEAKLY)

53
Q

what is an example of a use for DAT

A

–EXAMPLE: A NEWBORN WITH ANTIBODY FROM THE MOTHER ATTACHED TO HIS/HER CELLS

Blood Bank (6 decks)

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