Test 1 Flashcards
list some of the innate immunity
Skin tears sweat saliva normal flora phagocytic cells Natural Killer cells inflammation
what is a CD4 cell
its a T helper cell
what is a CD8 cell
cytotoxic T cells
What marker/receptors do B cells have on them
CD19
what are the byproducts of complement proteins being split?
anaphylatoxins
chemotaxins
opsonins
What are the “acquired” process?
- Macrophage engulfs foreign material
- Macrophage selects and processes an antigen
- Macrophage presents antigen wrapped in MHC-2 proteins to CD4 lymphocyte
- CD4 lymphocyte presents antigen to B cell and CD8 T-cell
- Antigen must be wrapped in MHC-1 proteins for CD8 cell to accept it
- B-cell converts to plasma cell and produces antibodies
- CD8 cell produces cytokines
what does CD stand for?
cluster of differentiation
What are CD numbers for?
they are assigned to lymphocytes to distinguish them
what marker do B cells have?
CD19
what markers do cytotoxic T cells have
CD8
what markers do helper T cells have
CD4
what markers natural killer cells have
none
What do CD4 cells do
help B-cells and CD8 cells by presenting antigen
Induces clonal expansion by releasing cytokines
Where is complement involved
in both innate and acquired immunity
How can Properdin and MBL pathways activated
directly by bacteria, viruses, yeasts, etc.
What does complement activation result in
a hole in the cell membrane
What is the classical pathway activated by
antibody to antigen
Which antibody always activates complement
IgM
Why does IgG not always activate complement
they have to bind close together on cell membrane
what does anaphylatoxin promote
inflammation by causing mast cells to release granular contents (histamine)
1) INCREASED VASCULAR PERMEABILITY
2) SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION
what does chemotaxin cause
PHAGOCYTIC CELLS TO BE RECRUITED TO THE AREA OF ANTIBODY/ANTIGEN REACTION – SEGMENTED NEUTROPHILS
– MACROPHAGES
what does opsonin do
ALERT
binds to cell wall and allows macrophage to recognize the abnormal cell more easily
-antibody
-complement fragements (C3b)
macrophage phagocytosis the cell presents to a CD4
CD4 presents to B cell
B cell changes to plasma cell to produce antibody
what are antigens
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS ON CELL MEMBRANE
PROTEINS, POLYSACCHARIDES
what do antigens do?
stimulate an antibody or cytotoxic response
what is the meaning of antigen dosage
amount of antigen introduced
what is the antigen route
IV is more antigenic than oral administration
what is the size of an antigen
10,000 daltons
what is an epitope
SMALL PORTION OF THE MOLECULE THAT ELICITS A SPECIFIC RESPONSE
what is an antigenic determinant
ANTIBODY PRODUCED THAT IS SPECIFIC FOR THE EPITOPE
MOLECULE MAY HAVE MORE THAN ONE EPITOPE
what are the RBC antigens
glycoproteins or glycolipids
how many known RBC antigens are there
textbook says 250
others say 400
how do we mostly detect RBC antigens
agglutination
what is agglutination
BINDING OF CELLS TOGETHER BY ANTIBODIES (LARGE PARTICLES, LIKE A RED CELL)
which antibody is easy to achieve agglutination
IgM
Which antibody uses anti-human globulin to achieve agglutination
IgG