Immunology Lab Final Flashcards by Kendra cotton

Mononucleosis

What antigen/antibodies go with this test?

Bovine erythrocytes antigens

Human heterophile IM antibody

Goat anti- human IgM antibody

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Rapid influenza

What antigens/antibodies go with this?

A nucleoprotein antigen

B nucleoprotein antigen

Anti B nucleoprotein

Anti A nucleoprotein

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Rapid strep test

What antigen/antibody goes with this test?

Carbohydrate antigen

Anti group A

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ELISA stands for?

Enzyme

Linked

Immuno

Sorbent

Assay

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EIA stands for?

Enzyme

Immuno

Assay

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What is avidity?

The strength of the bond, keeps the bond

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Precipitation is important because of what?

The antigen-antibody reaction

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Precipitation can be done on what?

In tube, in gel, on paper just as long as the antigen and antibody meet

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Strength of the reaction depends on what in precipitation?

If the antigen is the original antigen that the antibody was made for.

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Cross reaction is what in precipitation?

The antigen is similar but not specific for what the antibody.

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What is affinity?

The initial force that draws them together

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Affinity includes what type of bonds?

Ionic bonds

Hydrogen bonds

Hydrophobic bonds

Van der waals bonds

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What is pro zone?

Too much antibody

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What is postzone?

Too much antigen

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What is zone of equivalence?

The perfect amount of antigen and antibody Equal portion to each other

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What do you do if you have pro zone?

Dilute the solution

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What do you do with a postzone?

Wait 5 days and test again

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What does pro zone cause?

False negative

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What does postzone cause?

False negative

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What happens if you go past the time on your test?

A drying effect happens and it gives a false positive

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Nephelometry is what?

measures the light that is scattered at a particular angle(usually at 90) usually ran as antibody as the reagent and the patient antigen as the unknown…. quantitation of serum proteins

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What is Turbidimetry?

is a measure of the turbidity or cloudiness of a solution

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What is RID?

Radial immunodiffusion

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has been commonly used in the clinical laboratory?

RID- radial immunodiffusion

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What is a test that uses RID?

Ouchterlony

How long does it take for Ouchterlony test?

24-72 hours

What goes in the center and outside of the Ouchterlony?

Center is antibody Side is antigen

What are you looking for in the Ouchterlony?

Lines of precipitation

What does the point in an Ouchterlony test tell us?

They are identical

What does an x mean in an Ouchterlony test? (Make a cross)

Not identical

What does one tag mean in a Ouchterlony test?

Partially identical

Which side is weaker when a partial identity is made in Ouchterlony test?

The one the tag points to.

Ouchterlony is used on what?

Fungus- aspergillosis

Rocket immunoassay what is put in the well?

Antigen

Rocket immunoassay what is in the gel?

Antibody

Is rocket immunoassay qualitative or quantitative?

Quantitative

How long does rocket immunoassay take?

2 hours

Immuno fixation is to do with what?

Antibodies

Describe Immuno fixation electrophoresis.

After electrophoresis takes place, the anti sera is applied directly to the top of the gel. We get a pattern we can blot off and use.

What is immunofixation useful in?

Demonstrating antigens present in serum, urine, and spinal fluid in low concentrations.

What test is good for a person with a lymphoproliferative disorder? And what are we looking for?

Electrophoresis to separate the immunoglobulins and then immunofixation on the positives to identify IgM Kappa Para protein

What can an antibody be labeled with?

Enzyme Chemical Radioactive isotope Fluorescence

With fluorescences, how do we measure it?

We hit with one wavelength of light, very strong light, and it's going to emit a different light back at a low and longer wavelength

How do we measure with Radioactive isotopes?

Count them.

How do we measure with enzymes?

Add a substrate which is going to cause a reaction and a color.

How do we measure with a chemical?

Add something that will oxidize with that enzyme and cause a flash of light. We will measure the light

What do we use to measure things that are in very low levels in the body, like hormones?

Radioactive isotopes

What are extremely sensitive?

Radioactive isotopes

What is usually used as the substrate in an EIA test?

Horseradish peroxidase

What is the competitive test?

There are two antibodies and they compete for one antigen. One is labeled.

When would we use a competitive test?

Something that is in Very low concentration and is hard to pick up. The measure we get will be indirectly portional to actual concentration.

Is an Indirect test competitive or non competitive?

Competitive

What is a very important step with ELISA tests?

Wash stage

What happens if you do not wash all of the excess antibody from the Elisa test?

Falsely increased measure

If you leave the ELISA test in the color reaction stage to long, what will happen?

Have a false increased result

If you have an ELISA test and you read the absorbent and it is higher than your standard what would you do?

Dilute it down and run it again

What is forward scatter in flow cytometry?

It measures the size of the cells

What is side scatter in flow cytometry?

It measures the granulation of the cells

what angle is side scatter at in flow cytometry?

90 degrees

What is flow cytometry used for?

To count cells to differentiate cells into sub populations

what is immunophenotyping?

subgroups of cells like CD4, CD8, CD3

How do we look at a certain cell, like CD4?

by gating

What does flow cytometry use to give measurement by?

fluorescenses

What is the patterns name? what antibodies are connected to this pattern? what disease?

Peripheral (RIM) anti-DNA SLE

What is this pattern? What is the antibody connected to this pattern? what is the disease associated?

Homogenous (diffuse) anti-DNA, Anti-Histone, anti-DNP RA and SLE, Misc. Disorders (anti-ssDNA)

what is this pattern? what is the antibody connected? what is the disease associated?

speckled Anti-SM and RNP, Anti-Ro & La, Anti-Jo-1 & Mi-2, anti- Scl-70 SLE & SS, PM/DM, PSS (systemic)

what is this pattern? what is the antibody connected? what is the disease associated?

Centromere anti-centromere PSS (CREST)

what is this pattern? what antibody is connected? what diseases are associated?

nucleolar anti-nucleolar SLE & PSS

What is this image?

speckled-centromere

what is this image?

RIM

what is this image?

homogeneous

what is this image?

fine speckled