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Blood Bank > Immunology Lab Final > Flashcards

Immunology Lab Final Flashcards

0
Q

Mononucleosis

What antigen/antibodies go with this test?

A

Bovine erythrocytes antigens

Human heterophile IM antibody

Goat anti- human IgM antibody

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1
Q

Rapid influenza

What antigens/antibodies go with this?

A

A nucleoprotein antigen

B nucleoprotein antigen

Anti B nucleoprotein

Anti A nucleoprotein

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2
Q

Rapid strep test

What antigen/antibody goes with this test?

A

Carbohydrate antigen

Anti group A

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3
Q

ELISA stands for?

A

Enzyme

Linked

Immuno

Sorbent

Assay

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4
Q

EIA stands for?

A

Enzyme

Immuno

Assay

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5
Q

What is avidity?

A

The strength of the bond, keeps the bond

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6
Q

Precipitation is important because of what?

A

The antigen-antibody reaction

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7
Q

Precipitation can be done on what?

A

In tube, in gel, on paper just as long as the antigen and antibody meet

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8
Q

Strength of the reaction depends on what in precipitation?

A

If the antigen is the original antigen that the antibody was made for.

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9
Q

Cross reaction is what in precipitation?

A

The antigen is similar but not specific for what the antibody.

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10
Q

What is affinity?

A

The initial force that draws them together

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11
Q

Affinity includes what type of bonds?

A

Ionic bonds

Hydrogen bonds

Hydrophobic bonds

Van der waals bonds

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12
Q

What is pro zone?

A

Too much antibody

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13
Q

What is postzone?

A

Too much antigen

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14
Q

What is zone of equivalence?

A

The perfect amount of antigen and antibody Equal portion to each other

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15
Q

What do you do if you have pro zone?

A

Dilute the solution

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16
Q

What do you do with a postzone?

A

Wait 5 days and test again

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17
Q

What does pro zone cause?

A

False negative

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18
Q

What does postzone cause?

A

False negative

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19
Q

What happens if you go past the time on your test?

A

A drying effect happens and it gives a false positive

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20
Q

Nephelometry is what?

A

measures the light that is scattered at a particular angle(usually at 90) usually ran as antibody as the reagent and the patient antigen as the unknown…. quantitation of serum proteins

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21
Q

What is Turbidimetry?

A

is a measure of the turbidity or cloudiness of a solution

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22
Q

What is RID?

A

Radial immunodiffusion

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23
Q

has been commonly used in the clinical laboratory?

A

RID- radial immunodiffusion

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24
Q

What is a test that uses RID?

A

Ouchterlony

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25
Q

How long does it take for Ouchterlony test?

A

24-72 hours

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26
Q

What goes in the center and outside of the Ouchterlony?

A

Center is antibody

Side is antigen

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27
Q

What are you looking for in the Ouchterlony?

A

Lines of precipitation

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28
Q

What does the point in an Ouchterlony test tell us?

A

They are identical

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29
Q

What does an x mean in an Ouchterlony test? (Make a cross)

A

Not identical

30
Q

What does one tag mean in a Ouchterlony test?

A

Partially identical

31
Q

Which side is weaker when a partial identity is made in Ouchterlony test?

A

The one the tag points to.

32
Q

Ouchterlony is used on what?

A

Fungus- aspergillosis

33
Q

Rocket immunoassay what is put in the well?

A

Antigen

34
Q

Rocket immunoassay what is in the gel?

A

Antibody

35
Q

Is rocket immunoassay qualitative or quantitative?

A

Quantitative

36
Q

How long does rocket immunoassay take?

A

2 hours

37
Q

Immuno fixation is to do with what?

A

Antibodies

38
Q

Describe Immuno fixation electrophoresis.

A

After electrophoresis takes place, the anti sera is applied directly to the top of the gel. We get a pattern we can blot off and use.

39
Q

What is immunofixation useful in?

A

Demonstrating antigens present in serum, urine, and spinal fluid in low concentrations.

40
Q

What test is good for a person with a lymphoproliferative disorder?

And what are we looking for?

A

Electrophoresis to separate the immunoglobulins and then immunofixation on the positives to identify

IgM Kappa Para protein

41
Q

What can an antibody be labeled with?

A

Enzyme

Chemical

Radioactive isotope

Fluorescence

42
Q

With fluorescences, how do we measure it?

A

We hit with one wavelength of light, very strong light, and it’s going to emit a different light back at a low and longer wavelength

43
Q

How do we measure with Radioactive isotopes?

A

Count them.

44
Q

How do we measure with enzymes?

A

Add a substrate which is going to cause a reaction and a color.

45
Q

How do we measure with a chemical?

A

Add something that will oxidize with that enzyme and cause a flash of light. We will measure the light

46
Q

What do we use to measure things that are in very low levels in the body, like hormones?

A

Radioactive isotopes

47
Q

What are extremely sensitive?

A

Radioactive isotopes

48
Q

What is usually used as the substrate in an EIA test?

A

Horseradish peroxidase

49
Q

What is the competitive test?

A

There are two antibodies and they compete for one antigen. One is labeled.

50
Q

When would we use a competitive test?

A

Something that is in Very low concentration and is hard to pick up. The measure we get will be indirectly portional to actual concentration.

51
Q

Is an Indirect test competitive or non competitive?

A

Competitive

52
Q

What is a very important step with ELISA tests?

A

Wash stage

53
Q

What happens if you do not wash all of the excess antibody from the Elisa test?

A

Falsely increased measure

54
Q

If you leave the ELISA test in the color reaction stage to long, what will happen?

A

Have a false increased result

55
Q

If you have an ELISA test and you read the absorbent and it is higher than your standard what would you do?

A

Dilute it down and run it again

56
Q

What is forward scatter in flow cytometry?

A

It measures the size of the cells

57
Q

What is side scatter in flow cytometry?

A

It measures the granulation of the cells

58
Q

what angle is side scatter at in flow cytometry?

A

90 degrees

59
Q

What is flow cytometry used for?

A

To count cells

to differentiate cells into sub populations

60
Q

what is immunophenotyping?

A

subgroups of cells

like CD4, CD8, CD3

61
Q

How do we look at a certain cell, like CD4?

A

by gating

62
Q

What does flow cytometry use to give measurement by?

A

fluorescenses

63
Q

What is the patterns name?

what antibodies are connected to this pattern?

what disease?

A

Peripheral (RIM)

anti-DNA

SLE

64
Q

What is this pattern?

What is the antibody connected to this pattern?

what is the disease associated?

A

Homogenous (diffuse)

anti-DNA, Anti-Histone, anti-DNP

RA and SLE, Misc. Disorders (anti-ssDNA)

65
Q

what is this pattern?

what is the antibody connected?

what is the disease associated?

A

speckled

Anti-SM and RNP, Anti-Ro & La, Anti-Jo-1 & Mi-2, anti- Scl-70

SLE & SS, PM/DM, PSS (systemic)

66
Q

what is this pattern?

what is the antibody connected?

what is the disease associated?

A

Centromere

anti-centromere

PSS (CREST)

67
Q

what is this pattern?

what antibody is connected?

what diseases are associated?

A

nucleolar

anti-nucleolar

SLE & PSS

68
Q

What is this image?

A

speckled-centromere

69
Q

what is this image?

A

RIM

70
Q

what is this image?

A

homogeneous

71
Q

what is this image?

A

fine speckled

72
Q
A

Blood Bank (6 decks)

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