Test 4 Flashcards
Presbyopia
loss of the eyes’ ability to focus actively on nearby objects
Common in clients over 45
Strabismus
Constant malalignment of the eyes
Eyes don’t look exactly the same direction at the same time
Nystagmus
An oscillating (shaking) movement of the eyes
May be associated with an inner ear disorder, multiple sclerosis, brain lesion or narcotics use
Involuntary movement side to side
Exotropia
A specific kind of malalignment where there is an outward turn of the eye
Entropion
An inverted lower lid
Ptosis
Drooping of the upper eyelid
Exophthalmos
Protrusion of the eyeballs accompanied by retracted eyelid margins
Miosis
Pinpoint pupils, constricted and fixed
Possibly a result of narcotic drugs or brain damage
Anisocoria
Pupils of unequal size
In some cases is normal, others is not
Accommodation response
Response of eye when shifting focus from distant object to nearby object
Functional reflex allowing eyes to focus on near objects
Pupil constricts to increase the depth of focus of the eye
Six cardinal positions of gaze
Assess eye muscle strength and cranial nerve function
Failure of eyes to follow ant movement symmetrically in any or all directions indicates a weakness in one or more extraocular muscles or dysfunction of the cranial nerve that innervates that muscle
Snellen exam
Used to test distant visual acuity
Chart consists of lines of different letters stacked larger on top and decreasing in size
Client stands 20 ft from, covers one eye and reads until can no longer distinguish
Corneas
Permits the entrance of light
Well supplied with nerve endings making it responsive to pain and touch
Lateral gaze
Looking to the right or left in the horizontal plane
Conjunctivitis
Generalized redness of the conjunctiva
Pink eye
Glaucoma
Group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve
Often caused by abnormally high pressure within the eye
No warning signs and gradual that no change in vision may be noticed until it is advanced
Vision loss as a result is not reversible
*second leading cause of blindness
Open angle glaucoma
Patchy blind spots in you side or central vision
Frequently in both eyes
Tunnel vision in advanced stages
Signs of Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Severe headache, eye pain, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, halos around light, redness
Cataracts
Opacity/clouding of eyes and blurry vision
Leading cause of blindness worldwide
Risk factors for cataracts
Increasing age
Diabetes mellitus
Excessive alcohol use
Exposure to sunlight
Exposure to ionizing radiation
High blood pressure
Obesity
Previous eye injury
Inflammation or surgery
Prolonged steroid use
Cigarette smoking
Macular degeneration
Damage to the macula (central part of retina)
Loss in center field of vision
Blind spots, blurry vision
Dry AMD
Most common kind of age related macular degeneration
may advanced and cause loss of vision w/out turning into wet form or may change into wet form in late stages
Wet AMD
Abnormal new blood vessels form deep in the sensory retinue
can leak or bleed and result in marked loss of central vision
Assessing near vision
Use hand held Visual chart, 14 inches away
Jaeger test (pocket screener)
Normal is 14/14