Test 2 Flashcards
Factors essential to normal functioning of the respiratory system
- integrity of the airway system to transport air to and from lungs
- Properly functioning alveolar system
- properly functioning cardiovascular and hematologic system (blood)
How does the alveolar system work
Oxygenates venous blood
Removes CO2 from blood
How cardiovascular and hematologic system work
Carry nutrients and waste to and from body cells
Thorax
Extends from the base of the neck superiorly to the level of the diaphragm inferiorly
Lungs, diagram portion of the trachea, bronchi
Sternum
Lies in the center of the chest anteriorly
3 parts
3 parts of sternum
Manubrium, the body, xiphoid process
Thoracic cage
12 pairs of ribs
Mediastinum
Central area in the thoracic cavity
Lungs
Two cone shaped, elastic structures
3 lung lobes on right and 2 left b/c of heart
Pleura
Thin, double-layered serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity
Function of the upper airway
Warm, filter, humidify inspired air
Components of the upper airway
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Epiglottis
Epiglottis
Opens and closes helping with stopping unwanted particles
Estacian tubes
Connect upper air way to ears and release pressure
Function of the lower airway
Conduction of air, mucociliary clearance, production of pulmonary surfactant
Components of the lower airway
Trachea
Right and left main stem bronchi
Segmental bronchi
Terminal bronchi
Cilla
Little hairs that act as a filter
Killed by outside factors like smoking
Anatomy of the lungs
Main organ of respiration
Extend from the base of the diaphragm to the apex above the first rib
The right lung has three lobes
The left lung has 2 lobes
The lungs are composed of elastic tissue (alveoli, surfactant, pleura)
Checking the lungs
Front: 2,4,6, and 6 lateral
Back: T1, 4, 7, 10 and lateral 5 and 9
Pulmonary ventilation inspiration
The active phase of ventilation
Involves movement of muscles and the thorax to bring air into the lungs
Pulmonary ventilation expiration
The passive phase of ventilation
Movement of air out of the lungs
Process of ventilation
- the diaphragm contracts and descends, lengthening the thoracic cavity
- the external intercostal muscles contract, lifting the ribs upwards and outwards
- the sternum is pushed forward, enlarging the chest from front to back
- increased lung volume and decreased intrapulmonic pressure allow air to move from an area of greater pressure (outside lung) to lesser pressure (inside lungs)
- the relaxation of these structures results in expiration
Gas exchange
Refers to the intake of oxygen and release of CO2
Made possible by respiration and perfusion
Occurs via diffusion (movement of O2 and CO2 between the air and blood)
Factors influencing diffusion of gases in the lungs
Change in surface area available
Thickening of alveolar-capillary membrane
Partial pressure
Solubility and molecular weight of gas