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321 assessment of clients > Final Peds > Flashcards

Final Peds Flashcards

1
Q

Peds age chart

A

Toddler - 1-3
Preschooler - 3-6
School aged - 6-12
Adolescent - 11-20

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2
Q

Toddler development Erikson

A

Autonomy vs Shame

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3
Q

Toddler cognitive dev

A

Uses symbols for communication
Delayed Imitation
Animism
Understands requests and simple directions
Plays pretend
Sorts objects
Withstanding delayed gratification

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4
Q

Toddler motor dev

A

Gross:
Running
Climbing
Jumping
Increased hand eye coordination
Mastery contributing to self esteem
Refining walking/gait
Pushing/pulling tos
Throwing a ball
Fine:
Working on holding utensils
Zipping/buttoning

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5
Q

Toddler language dev

A

Receptive language vs expressive language
Echolalia
“What and why”
Telegraphic speech in older toddlers

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6
Q

Toddler emotion dev

A

Separation
Individuation
Egocentrism
Separation anxiety
Emerging fears

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7
Q

Best way to assess a toddler

A

Allow for freedom of movement - can stand between caregivers legs or seated in their lap
Use toddlers preferred words for objects or actions
Stories, dolls, books, stuffed animals
Participate in parallel play to help start communication

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8
Q

Best ways to interact with toddlers families

A

Explain most steps to child and ALL to caregiver
*Allow child to touch instruments
Handle most invasive parts last

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9
Q

Toddler assessment growth

A

Weight gain is sporadic non linear
3-5 lbs per year
Height about 3 inches per year
*start using standing scale
Intro of teeth
Head size not proportional un 3
13.5 hrs of sleep

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10
Q

Toddler assessment Neuro

A

Increased myelination
Emerging of protective reflexes
Language dev
*anterior fontenelle closes (9-18 month), primitive reflexes diminish

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11
Q

Toddler assessment respiratory

A

Increases in physical growth
Increase in alveoli number
Tonsils large in comparison
Eustachian tubers and short and straight
*RR20-30, can use bell on auscultation

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12
Q

Toddler assessment cardio

A

Heart rate decreases and blood pressure increases
* HR 70-120, can use bell on auscultation, PMI 4IC

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13
Q

Toddler assessment GI

A

Organ growth in size, inconsistent bowl waste
*short small intestine, stool diff colors, whole pieces of food passed

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14
Q

Toddler assessment HEENT

A

Vision 20/50 to 20/40
Hearing at adult level
Taste discrimination NOT developed

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15
Q

Toddler assessment GU

A

Function reaches adult levels by 16-24 months
Increased bladder capacity
Short urethras
*urine output 1 mL/kg/hr

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16
Q

Toddler assessment musculoskeletal

A

Increased bone length
Increased muscle strength
Weak abdominal muscles

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17
Q

Toddler pain assessment

A

Looks at:
Facial expression
Cry
Breathing
Torso
Arms and fingers
Legs and toes
State of arousal
Rates:
0 for normal activity
1 for sign of pain

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18
Q

Common toddler diseases

A

Ear infection
Hand Mouth and Foot
Conjunctivitis
Dehydration
Croup

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19
Q

Safety considerations with toddlers

A

Cars (car seats)
Tobacco smoke
Preventing injury in daily activities
Preventing poisoning
Drowning - * leading cause of death in children

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20
Q

Lifestyle/nutrition considerations in toddlers

A

Immunizations
Utensil usage
Food exposure
Establishing healthy feeding patterns
Food jags
Sleep/rest cycle

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21
Q

Toddler promoting early learning

A

Language
Motor - fine and gross
Reading
**delayed dev detection

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22
Q

Toddler development play

A

Parallel play

Activities:
Push pull toys
Blocks
Sand
Finger paint
Bubbles
Trucks and dolls
Containers
Cloth books
Wooden puzzles

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23
Q

Preschooler erikson

A

Initiative vs guilt

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24
Q

Preschooler cognitive dev

A

Pre operational thought
Magical thinking
Imaginary friends
Transduction
Animism
Understanding concept of right and wrong
Why questions

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25
Q

Preschooler motor dev

A

Gross:
Continued refinement of musculoskeletal system
Increased voluntary controlled movement
Improving balance
Fine:
Scribble freely
Copy a circle
Trace a square
Feed themselves

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26
Q

Preschooler language dev

A

Using about 2,000 words by 5
Working on fluency
Concrete communication

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27
Q

Preschooler emotional development

A

In tune with others moods
Fears
Vivid imagination
Intense emotion
First starting to develop friendship
Developing social skills - kindness, cooperation, sharing, affection display, conversation, expression of feeling

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28
Q

Best way to assess a preschooler

A

So,e willing to sit on table with caregiver close
*puppets, story telling/imaginative play
*speaking honestly
Allow for choices where appropriate
* simple concrete terms
Prepare an hour ahead

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29
Q

Best way to interact with preschoolers family

A

Speak to caregiver before and after exam

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30
Q

Preschool common diseases

A

Fever
Tonsillitis
Whooping cough
Gastroenteritis
Chicken pox

31
Q

Preschool safety considerations

A

Ingestion
Car safety
Home safety - weapons, matches, water, bikes
Injury prevention
Poison prevention

32
Q

Preschool lifestyle/nutrition considerations

A

Lying
Healthy teeth/gums
Sleep/rest cycle
Promotion of healthy eating habits
Implementing discipline

33
Q

Preschool promoting early learning

A

Reading
Variety of experiences
Choosing a preschool

34
Q

School aged child erikson

A

Industry vs inferiority

35
Q

School aged cognitive dev

A

Concrete operational thinking
Assimilating and correlating info
Seeing from others pov
Categorization
Principal of conservation

36
Q

School aged child motor dev

A

Gross:
Advanced coordination/balance/rhythm
Energy levels high and focused
Fine:
Refining

37
Q

School aged child Language dev

A

Accelerates and broadens
Reading skills improve upon exposure
Complex grammatical usage starts
Comment on metalinguistics
Understanding methaphors

38
Q

School aged emotional dev

A

Self esteem dev
Temperament is in full display
Body image concerns start to arise
Shifting of fears
Concern about peer relationships
Fear become concrete

39
Q

School aged child play

A

Communal

40
Q

Best way to assess a school aged child

A

Exam table while being able to maintain contact w/ caregiver
* diagrams, illustrations, books, videos
* third party sources - “some children feel…”
Prepare a few days in advance
Allow for questions

41
Q

Best way to interact with school aged children’s family

A

Speak to caregiver before and after examination

42
Q

School aged child neuro assessment

A

Brain and skull growth slow
Brain gwoth complete by 10yrs old

43
Q

School aged respiratory assessment

A

Continued dev
Resp rate decrease
*Abdominal breathing disappears
* Shape of chest shifts to adult features
* retractions
* strider and nasal flaring

44
Q

School aged cardio assessment

A

BP increases
Pulse decreases
* HR 60-100, RR 14-26 PMI 51C

45
Q

School aged GI assessment

A

All 20 teeth lost and replaced with adult
Caloric needs decrease
Stomach capacity increases

46
Q

School aged GU assessment

A

Bladder capacity increases, longer periods between voiding

47
Q

School aged reproductive assessment

A

Prepubescence

48
Q

School aged musculoskeletal assessment

A

Continued growth
Bones continue to ossify but do not mineralize until maturity

49
Q

School aged immune assessment

A

Lymphatic tissue grows until about age 9
Immunoglobulins A and G reach adult levels at 10

50
Q

School aged child pain assessment

A

Wong-baker FACES

51
Q

School aged child common diseases

A

Asthma
Seizures
Lice
Celiac disease

52
Q

School aged child safety considerations

A

Broad safety technique and modifications as it applies to areas of life

53
Q

School aged child lifestyle/nutrition considerations

A

Child abuse
Fire/car safety
TV/video games/internet
Bullying
Stealing/lying/cheating

54
Q

School aged child learning/dev considerations

A

Promoting growth/dev and learning through play and formal education
Reading

55
Q

Adolescent dev erikson

A

Identity vs role confusion

56
Q

Adolescent cognitive dev

A

Formal operational period
Abstract thinking
Thinking becomes logical/ consistent
Egocentric to introspective
Moral and spiritual dev

57
Q

Adolescent motor dev

A

Gross:
Development of endurance
Coordination challenges due to growth spurts
Speed/accuracy increase
Fine:
Became refined
Complex dexterity

58
Q

Adolescent language dev

A

Contrite to develop and refine
Use of colloquial speech
By late adolescence language skills are compared to adults

59
Q

Adolescent emotional dev

A

Self concept
Body image
Hobbies
Relationships with parents
Relationships with others
Sexuality
Cultural influences
Hormonal changes
Suicide, violence, drug use

60
Q

Best way to assess an adolescent

A

Exam in room w/ or w/out caregiver
*respect need for privacy
*non judgmental demeanor
Use appropriate medical terminology, creativity and humor
* do not force adolescent to speak
Prepare up to 1 week prior to procedure

61
Q

How to interact with adolescent family

A

Explain confidentiality, allow time to speak together and separate from family

62
Q

Adolescent growth assessment

A

Rapid growth changes different from boys and girls
* body mass to adult size
* male voice deepens
* 9-10 hours of sleep required

63
Q

Adolescent Nero assessment

A

Continued brain growth
Size of brain does not increase significantly
Neurons do NOT increase in #
Growth of myelin sheath enables faster processing

64
Q

Adolescent respiratory assessment

A

Increase in diameter and length of lungs
* RR decreases to 15-20
* Vital capacity/resp vol increases
* male voice drops

65
Q

Adolescent cardio assessment

A

Increase in size and strength of the heart
Systolic BP increases and HR decreases
* HR 60-100

66
Q

Adolescent GI assessment

A

Wisdom teeth eruption between 17-20
Organs enlarge in size but do not change in function (they matured in school age)

67
Q

Adolescent endocrine assessment

A

Sebaceous and sweat glands become active and gully functional

68
Q

Adolescent musculoskeletal assessment

A

Muscle mass and strength increase

69
Q

Adolescent reproductive assessment

A

Puberty
* dev of secondary sex characteristics
* menstrual period 2.5 yr after puberty onset

70
Q

Adolescent integumentary assessment

A

Skin becomes thick and tough
Oil and sweat glands become more active

71
Q

Adolescent common diseases

A

Drug overdose
Blunt trauma
STIs
Anxiety
ADHD
Depression

72
Q

Adolescent safety considerations

A

Vehicle
Recreational
Travel
Weapons
Alcohol use
Suntanning
Safe sex
Suicide
Violence

73
Q

Adolescent nutrition/lifestyle considerations

A

Drug abuse
Sexual activity
Lying/cheating/steling
Increased independence
Violence
Bullying
Self harm

74
Q

Adolescent development considerations

A

Looking toward adult life
Building a life
Choosing preferred activities
Becoming a rounded adult

321 assessment of clients (7 decks)

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