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321 assessment of clients > Final Peds > Flashcards

Final Peds Flashcards

1
Q

Peds age chart

A

Toddler - 1-3
Preschooler - 3-6
School aged - 6-12
Adolescent - 11-20

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2
Q

Toddler development Erikson

A

Autonomy vs Shame

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3
Q

Toddler cognitive dev

A

Uses symbols for communication
Delayed Imitation
Animism
Understands requests and simple directions
Plays pretend
Sorts objects
Withstanding delayed gratification

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4
Q

Toddler motor dev

A

Gross:
Running
Climbing
Jumping
Increased hand eye coordination
Mastery contributing to self esteem
Refining walking/gait
Pushing/pulling tos
Throwing a ball
Fine:
Working on holding utensils
Zipping/buttoning

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5
Q

Toddler language dev

A

Receptive language vs expressive language
Echolalia
“What and why”
Telegraphic speech in older toddlers

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6
Q

Toddler emotion dev

A

Separation
Individuation
Egocentrism
Separation anxiety
Emerging fears

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7
Q

Best way to assess a toddler

A

Allow for freedom of movement - can stand between caregivers legs or seated in their lap
Use toddlers preferred words for objects or actions
Stories, dolls, books, stuffed animals
Participate in parallel play to help start communication

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8
Q

Best ways to interact with toddlers families

A

Explain most steps to child and ALL to caregiver
*Allow child to touch instruments
Handle most invasive parts last

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9
Q

Toddler assessment growth

A

Weight gain is sporadic non linear
3-5 lbs per year
Height about 3 inches per year
*start using standing scale
Intro of teeth
Head size not proportional un 3
13.5 hrs of sleep

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10
Q

Toddler assessment Neuro

A

Increased myelination
Emerging of protective reflexes
Language dev
*anterior fontenelle closes (9-18 month), primitive reflexes diminish

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11
Q

Toddler assessment respiratory

A

Increases in physical growth
Increase in alveoli number
Tonsils large in comparison
Eustachian tubers and short and straight
*RR20-30, can use bell on auscultation

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12
Q

Toddler assessment cardio

A

Heart rate decreases and blood pressure increases
* HR 70-120, can use bell on auscultation, PMI 4IC

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13
Q

Toddler assessment GI

A

Organ growth in size, inconsistent bowl waste
*short small intestine, stool diff colors, whole pieces of food passed

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14
Q

Toddler assessment HEENT

A

Vision 20/50 to 20/40
Hearing at adult level
Taste discrimination NOT developed

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15
Q

Toddler assessment GU

A

Function reaches adult levels by 16-24 months
Increased bladder capacity
Short urethras
*urine output 1 mL/kg/hr

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16
Q

Toddler assessment musculoskeletal

A

Increased bone length
Increased muscle strength
Weak abdominal muscles

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17
Q

Toddler pain assessment

A

Looks at:
Facial expression
Cry
Breathing
Torso
Arms and fingers
Legs and toes
State of arousal
Rates:
0 for normal activity
1 for sign of pain

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18
Q

Common toddler diseases

A

Ear infection
Hand Mouth and Foot
Conjunctivitis
Dehydration
Croup

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19
Q

Safety considerations with toddlers

A

Cars (car seats)
Tobacco smoke
Preventing injury in daily activities
Preventing poisoning
Drowning - * leading cause of death in children

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20
Q

Lifestyle/nutrition considerations in toddlers

A

Immunizations
Utensil usage
Food exposure
Establishing healthy feeding patterns
Food jags
Sleep/rest cycle

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21
Q

Toddler promoting early learning

A

Language
Motor - fine and gross
Reading
**delayed dev detection

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22
Q

Toddler development play

A

Parallel play

Activities:
Push pull toys
Blocks
Sand
Finger paint
Bubbles
Trucks and dolls
Containers
Cloth books
Wooden puzzles

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23
Q

Preschooler erikson

A

Initiative vs guilt

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24
Q

Preschooler cognitive dev

A

Pre operational thought
Magical thinking
Imaginary friends
Transduction
Animism
Understanding concept of right and wrong
Why questions

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25
Preschooler motor dev
Gross: Continued refinement of musculoskeletal system Increased voluntary controlled movement Improving balance Fine: Scribble freely Copy a circle Trace a square Feed themselves
26
Preschooler language dev
Using about 2,000 words by 5 Working on fluency Concrete communication
27
Preschooler emotional development
In tune with others moods Fears Vivid imagination Intense emotion First starting to develop friendship Developing social skills - kindness, cooperation, sharing, affection display, conversation, expression of feeling
28
Best way to assess a preschooler
So,e willing to sit on table with caregiver close *puppets, story telling/imaginative play *speaking honestly Allow for choices where appropriate * simple concrete terms Prepare an hour ahead
29
Best way to interact with preschoolers family
Speak to caregiver before and after exam
30
Preschool common diseases
Fever Tonsillitis Whooping cough Gastroenteritis Chicken pox
31
Preschool safety considerations
Ingestion Car safety Home safety - weapons, matches, water, bikes Injury prevention Poison prevention
32
Preschool lifestyle/nutrition considerations
Lying Healthy teeth/gums Sleep/rest cycle Promotion of healthy eating habits Implementing discipline
33
Preschool promoting early learning
Reading Variety of experiences Choosing a preschool
34
School aged child erikson
Industry vs inferiority
35
School aged cognitive dev
Concrete operational thinking Assimilating and correlating info Seeing from others pov Categorization Principal of conservation
36
School aged child motor dev
Gross: Advanced coordination/balance/rhythm Energy levels high and focused Fine: Refining
37
School aged child Language dev
Accelerates and broadens Reading skills improve upon exposure Complex grammatical usage starts Comment on metalinguistics Understanding methaphors
38
School aged emotional dev
Self esteem dev Temperament is in full display Body image concerns start to arise Shifting of fears Concern about peer relationships Fear become concrete
39
School aged child play
Communal
40
Best way to assess a school aged child
Exam table while being able to maintain contact w/ caregiver * diagrams, illustrations, books, videos * third party sources - “some children feel…” Prepare a few days in advance Allow for questions
41
Best way to interact with school aged children’s family
Speak to caregiver before and after examination
42
School aged child neuro assessment
Brain and skull growth slow Brain gwoth complete by 10yrs old
43
School aged respiratory assessment
Continued dev Resp rate decrease *Abdominal breathing disappears * Shape of chest shifts to adult features * retractions * strider and nasal flaring
44
School aged cardio assessment
BP increases Pulse decreases * HR 60-100, RR 14-26 PMI 51C
45
School aged GI assessment
All 20 teeth lost and replaced with adult Caloric needs decrease Stomach capacity increases
46
School aged GU assessment
Bladder capacity increases, longer periods between voiding
47
School aged reproductive assessment
Prepubescence
48
School aged musculoskeletal assessment
Continued growth Bones continue to ossify but do not mineralize until maturity
49
School aged immune assessment
Lymphatic tissue grows until about age 9 Immunoglobulins A and G reach adult levels at 10
50
School aged child pain assessment
Wong-baker FACES
51
School aged child common diseases
Asthma Seizures Lice Celiac disease
52
School aged child safety considerations
Broad safety technique and modifications as it applies to areas of life
53
School aged child lifestyle/nutrition considerations
Child abuse Fire/car safety TV/video games/internet Bullying Stealing/lying/cheating
54
School aged child learning/dev considerations
Promoting growth/dev and learning through play and formal education Reading
55
Adolescent dev erikson
Identity vs role confusion
56
Adolescent cognitive dev
Formal operational period Abstract thinking Thinking becomes logical/ consistent Egocentric to introspective Moral and spiritual dev
57
Adolescent motor dev
Gross: Development of endurance Coordination challenges due to growth spurts Speed/accuracy increase Fine: Became refined Complex dexterity
58
Adolescent language dev
Contrite to develop and refine Use of colloquial speech By late adolescence language skills are compared to adults
59
Adolescent emotional dev
Self concept Body image Hobbies Relationships with parents Relationships with others Sexuality Cultural influences Hormonal changes Suicide, violence, drug use
60
Best way to assess an adolescent
Exam in room w/ or w/out caregiver *respect need for privacy *non judgmental demeanor Use appropriate medical terminology, creativity and humor * do not force adolescent to speak Prepare up to 1 week prior to procedure
61
How to interact with adolescent family
Explain confidentiality, allow time to speak together and separate from family
62
Adolescent growth assessment
Rapid growth changes different from boys and girls * body mass to adult size * male voice deepens * 9-10 hours of sleep required
63
Adolescent Nero assessment
Continued brain growth Size of brain does not increase significantly Neurons do NOT increase in # Growth of myelin sheath enables faster processing
64
Adolescent respiratory assessment
Increase in diameter and length of lungs * RR decreases to 15-20 * Vital capacity/resp vol increases * male voice drops
65
Adolescent cardio assessment
Increase in size and strength of the heart Systolic BP increases and HR decreases * HR 60-100
66
Adolescent GI assessment
Wisdom teeth eruption between 17-20 Organs enlarge in size but do not change in function (they matured in school age)
67
Adolescent endocrine assessment
Sebaceous and sweat glands become active and gully functional
68
Adolescent musculoskeletal assessment
Muscle mass and strength increase
69
Adolescent reproductive assessment
Puberty * dev of secondary sex characteristics * menstrual period 2.5 yr after puberty onset
70
Adolescent integumentary assessment
Skin becomes thick and tough Oil and sweat glands become more active
71
Adolescent common diseases
Drug overdose Blunt trauma STIs Anxiety ADHD Depression
72
Adolescent safety considerations
Vehicle Recreational Travel Weapons Alcohol use Suntanning Safe sex Suicide Violence
73
Adolescent nutrition/lifestyle considerations
Drug abuse Sexual activity Lying/cheating/steling Increased independence Violence Bullying Self harm
74
Adolescent development considerations
Looking toward adult life Building a life Choosing preferred activities Becoming a rounded adult

321 assessment of clients (7 decks)

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