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Cross > Test #3 without brain > Flashcards

Test #3 without brain Flashcards

1
Q

what encloses the 4 major compartments of the neck?

A

Musculofascial Collar

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2
Q

what are the 4 compartments of the neck?

A

Vertebral Compartment
Visceral Compartment
Vascular Compartments (x2)

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3
Q

what is contained in the Vertebral Compartment?

A

cervical vertebrae

postural muscles

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4
Q

what is contained in the Visceral Compartment?

A

thyroid
thymus
parts of larynx
parts of pharynx

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5
Q

what is contained in the Vascular Compartment?

A

major blood vessels

vagus nerve

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6
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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7
Q

what pass through the transverse foramina?

A

vertebral arteries

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8
Q

what is C1 referred as?

A

atlas

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9
Q

what is C2 referred as?

A

axis

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10
Q

what is C1’s role?

A

carries the weight of the head

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11
Q

what is C2’s role?

A

allows the head to rotate

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12
Q

what is the role of the hyoid bone?

A

attachment for the floor of the mouth muscles, larynx, and tongue

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13
Q

which bone is horseshoe shaped?

A

hyoid

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14
Q

where is the hyoid bone located?

A
  • superior to the thyroid gland
  • anterior midline of neck
  • between the chin and the thyroid cartilage
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15
Q

what forms the anterior wall of the larynx?

A

thyroid cartilage

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16
Q

what protects the vocal cords?

A

thyroid cartilage

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17
Q

what s also known as the Adam’s apple?

A

thyroid cartilage

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18
Q

what is the attachment for laryngeal muscles?

A

thyroid cartilage

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19
Q

where is the thyroid cartilage located?

A

superior to the thyroid gland

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20
Q

is the thyroid cartilage seen on an ultrasound?

A

no

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21
Q

what is the largest gland in the neck?

A

thyroid gland

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22
Q

what is the part of the thyroid gland called that connects the right and left lobes and drapes across midline?

A

isthmus

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23
Q

what is the shape of the thyroid gland

A

butterfly

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24
Q

where are the pyramidal lobes seen on the thyroid gland?

A

superior aspect of both lobes

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25
Q

are the parathyroid glands visible?

A

not unless enlarged

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26
Q

what is the full ring at the top of the trachea called?

A

cricoid cartilage

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27
Q

where are the parathyroid glands located in the thyroid gland?

A

posteromedial aspect of the thyroid gland

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28
Q

where is the thyroid gland located in the neck?

A
  • posterior to the sternocleidomastoid and the strap muscles

- medial to carotid artery and internal jugular vein

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29
Q

why is the trachea not seen on ultrasound?

A

because its air filled

-can use as landmark because it casts a shadow

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30
Q

where is the esophagus located?

A
  • posterior and slightly left lateral to trachea

- inferomedial to the left thyroid lobe

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31
Q

what do the muscles of the neck help with?

A

swallowing and movement of the head, neck, and shoulders

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32
Q

what muscle divides the anterior and posterior triangles in the neck?

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

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33
Q

what are the anterior neck muscles?

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
  • Longus Colli Muscle
  • Strap Muscles (3)
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34
Q

what are the points of attachment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

mastoid process to the sternum

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35
Q

what does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do on the neck?

A

flexion and rotation of head

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36
Q

what are the most anterior muscles of the neck?

A

sternohyoid muscle

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37
Q

is the sternothyroid more superficial or deep compared to the sternohyoid?

A

more wide and deep

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38
Q

what are the points of attachments of the omohyoid muscle?

A

scapula to the hyoid bone

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39
Q

what muscle is the posterior border of the thyroid gland?

A

longus colli muscle

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40
Q

what are the posterior neck muscles?

A
  • trapezius
  • semispinalis capitus
  • splenius capitus
  • splenius cervicis
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41
Q

what is the role of the posterior neck muscles?

A

rotating, extending, and flexing the neck

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42
Q

what is the most superficial muscle of the neck?

A

trapezius

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43
Q

where does the trapezius muscle attach?

A

occipital bone to lower Tspine and laterally to the scapular spine

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44
Q

what is the role of the trapezius muscles?

A

moves the scapula and supports the arm

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45
Q

what is the deepest neck muscle?

A

semispinalis capitis

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46
Q

what are the middle neck muscles?

A

splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

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47
Q

where does the right common carotid artery arise from?

A

branchiocephalic artery

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48
Q

where does the left common carotid artery arise from?

A

aortic arch

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49
Q

where do the internal jugular veins drain?

A

branchiocephalic veins

50
Q

what lymph nodes are most frequently seen?

A

internal jugular lymph nodes

51
Q

where do the internal jugular lymph nodes travel?

A

follow the SCM

52
Q

what are the salivary glands?

A

exocrine glands that secrete saliva to help break down food

53
Q

what are the 3 paired salivary glands?

A
  • parotid
  • submandibular
  • sublingual
54
Q

what salivary glands are seen sonographically?

A

paired parotid and submandibular glands

55
Q

where do the parotid glands lie?

A
  • anterior to mastoid process
  • lateral to internal carotid artery
  • wraps around posterolateral aspect of mandibular ramus
56
Q

where do the submandibular glands lie?

A
  • paired on each side of midline inferior to the mandibular body
  • hyoid bone is inferomedial
57
Q

what is the bony framework of the thorax?

A

thoracic spine
Ribs
sternum

58
Q

what are the cavities of the thorax?

A
  • thoracic
  • mediastinal
  • pleural
  • pericardial
59
Q

what are the vital organs within the thorax?

A

heart

lungs

60
Q

what are the vascular structures within the thorax?

A
  • aorta
  • IVC
  • SVC
  • Pulmonary vessels
61
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

62
Q

what is another name for vertebro-chondral ribs?

A

false ribs

63
Q

what are true ribs?

A

ribs that are attached to the sternum directly

64
Q

what are false ribs?

A

the first three attach to the cartilage of the rib above it

65
Q

what are floating ribs?

A

(last 2 false ribs) cartilage ends in the abdominal wall muscles

66
Q

what are the 3 parts of the sternum?

A
  • manubrium
  • Body
  • Xiphoid process
67
Q

what is the superior border of the thorax?

A

thoracic inlet

68
Q

what is the superior ring of the thorax (inlet) also called?

A

aperture

69
Q

what structures pass through the thoracic inlet?

A
  • trachea
  • esophagus
  • carotid arteries
  • jugular veins
  • nerves
  • lymphatics
70
Q

what separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

diaphragm

71
Q

what part of the diaphragm forms the floor of the thoracic cavity?

A

convex upper surface

72
Q

the muscle fibres of the diaphragm converge into what?

A

a central tendon

73
Q

what are the anterior chest wall muscles from superficial to deep?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
  • serratus anterior
  • intercostal muscles
74
Q

what are the 3 layers of the intercostal muscles?

A
  • external intercostal
  • internal intercostal
  • innermost intercostal
75
Q

what are the posterior chest wall muscles?

A
  • rhomboid
  • latissimus Dorsi
  • Trapezius
  • Shoulder Girdle Muscles
76
Q

where is the rhombus major situated compared to the rhombus minor?

A

the rhombus major is situated inferior to the rhombus minor

77
Q

visceral

A

against organ

78
Q

parietal

A

against cavity

79
Q

pericardial cavity is _________ the mediastinal cavity

A

within

80
Q

what cavity is found inbetween the lungs?

A

mediastinum

81
Q

what Is the mediastinum divided into?

A

-superior mediastinum
-inferior mediastinum
anterior
middle
posterior

82
Q

what is located in the superior mediastinum?

A 
trachea
esophagus
thymus
nerves
SVC/brachiocephalic veins
aortic arteries
83
Q

what is located in the middle mediastinum?

A

heart and pericardium
ascending aorta
pulmonary trunk
SVC

84
Q

what is located in the anterior mediastinum?

A

a little bit of the thymus

lymph nodes

85
Q

what is located in the posterior mediastinum?

A

esophagus
thoracic aorta and its branches
nerve plexus (sympathetic nervous system)

86
Q

why is the trachea not visualized in the middle mediastinum?

A

because it has bifurcated

87
Q

what serous membrane covers the lungs and chest cavity?

A

parietal and visceral pleura

88
Q

what level does the trachea bifurcate?

A

T5

89
Q

what is the word that describes the bifurcation of the trachea?

A

carina

90
Q

where is the lung hilum located?

A

anterior to the aorta

91
Q

is the bronchus anterior or posterior to the pulmonary arteries?

A

posterior

92
Q

is the pulmonary arteries superior or inferior to the pulmonary veins?

A

superior

93
Q

where does the right pulmonary artery pass?

A

underneath aortic arch

94
Q

where does the left pulmonary artery pass?

A

anterior to descending thoracic aorta

95
Q

where is the SVC compared to the ascending aorta?

A

to the right

96
Q

where does the main pulmonary trunk come from?

A

right ventricle

97
Q

does the main pulmonary trunk carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

deoxygenated

98
Q

how many pulmonary veins drain the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

A

4

99
Q

what are the branches off the aortic arch?

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • Lt common carotid artery
  • Lt subclavian artery

(alphabetic order)

100
Q

what joins to form the brachiocephalic veins?

A

subclavian and internal jugular veins

101
Q

what joins to form the SVC?

A

left and right brachiocephalic veins

102
Q

where does the SVC empty?

A

superior Rt atrium

103
Q

where does the IVC empty?

A

inferior Rt atrium

104
Q

what is visualized in the 2 chamber view?

A

left ventricle and left atrium

105
Q

what is visualized in the 4 chamber view?

A
  • 2 ventricles
  • 2 atrium
  • bicuspid valve
  • tricuspid valve
106
Q

what is visualized in the 5 chamber view?

A

the 4 chambers of the heart and the ascending aorta

107
Q

what is visualized in the 3 vessel view?

A
  • SVC
  • aorta
  • main pulmonary artery
  • ductus arteriosus (fetus)
108
Q

show axis is also known as?

A

OWL view

109
Q

what is the short axis?

A

demonstrates the wall of the right and left ventricles as well as the papillary muscles

110
Q

what level is the hyoid bone?

A

C4

111
Q

what bone has the largest spinus process (biggest hump)?

A

C7

112
Q

what is superior posterior of the ramus?

A

condyle

113
Q

what is superior anterior of the ramus?

A

coronoid process

114
Q

what do you use as a landmark for the parotid gland?

A

condyle

115
Q

what do you use as a landmark for the submandible gland?

A

angle

116
Q

what are facets?

A

allow ribs to move when breathing

117
Q

what muscle is inferior to the spine of the scapula?

A

infraspinatus

118
Q

where is the subscapularis?

A

under the scapula (deep not inferior)

119
Q

what is a cardiac notch?

A

impression on lungs from heart

120
Q

which muscle wall is thicker? left or right ventricle?

A

left ventricle

121
Q

what is the order of the great vessels from Rt to Lt?

A
  • SVC
  • Aorta
  • Pulmonary trunk
122
Q

which ventricle is perfectly circular in an short axis view?

A

left ventricle

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